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Australian high school students and their Internet use: perceptions of opportunities versus ‘problematic situations’ 澳大利亚高中生及其互联网使用情况:对机会的认知与“问题情境”
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2020.2
L. Gaspard
Abstract The Internet has, for varied reasons, emerged as a critical mediating tool in the everyday experience for many young people. Opportunities for access and participation are vast and well-documented. There are, however, risks, or more accurately ‘problematic situations’, associated with these online experiences. From a digital youth’s perspective, real and perceived threats, primarily related to content, contact and conduct, all play to policy agendas, and adult fears of how best to protect youth within virtual space where the boundaries of private and public are easily blurred and compromised. Drawing upon a purposive sample of four high schools, in greater Melbourne, Australia, frequency analysis is performed on questionnaire data from 770 students aged 12–18. Adapting the research taxonomy from the EU Kids Online (2014, EU Kids Online: findings, methods, recommendations (deliverable D1.6)) project, this paper extends that work by developing a more comprehensive coding structure to reflect the complex attitudes high school students of this study exhibit with their online practice. In doing so, this research, via a more nuanced classification, supports the ongoing validity of previous research that points to navigation of the Internet as a continuing contestation between balancing opportunity and risk.
摘要由于各种原因,互联网已经成为许多年轻人日常生活中的一个重要中介工具。接触和参与的机会是巨大的,而且有充分的记录。然而,这些在线体验也存在风险,或者更准确地说是“有问题的情况”。从数字青年的角度来看,真实和感知的威胁,主要与内容、接触和行为有关,都与政策议程有关,以及成年人对如何在虚拟空间内最好地保护青年的恐惧,在虚拟空间中,私人和公共的界限很容易被模糊和妥协。根据澳大利亚大墨尔本四所高中的意向性样本,对770名12-18岁学生的问卷数据进行了频率分析。本文改编了欧盟儿童在线(2014,欧盟儿童在线:发现、方法、建议(可交付成果D1.6))项目的研究分类法,通过开发更全面的编码结构来扩展这项工作,以反映本研究中高中生在网上实践中表现出的复杂态度。在这样做的过程中,这项研究通过更细致的分类,支持了先前研究的持续有效性,该研究指出,互联网导航是平衡机会和风险之间的持续争论。
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引用次数: 1
The influence of culture on maternal attachment behaviours: a South African case study 文化对母亲依恋行为的影响:一项南非个案研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2020.4
Rachel Zaidman-Mograbi, L. L. le Roux, Herna Hall
Abstract It is widely accepted that culture is a contextual factor that can affect mother–infant attachment. Cultural beliefs are translated into child-rearing patterns that influence maternal responsiveness to infant attachment behaviours and could thus affect sensitive caregiving that lies at the heart of secure attachment. This article reports on the findings of a study that explored the influence of culture on maternal caregiving behaviours in the multi-cultural South African context. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews conducted with participants from three study samples to ascertain their perceptions of socio-cultural influences on attachment. Two samples consisted of mothers and mental health professionals, respectively, who represented different South African cultures (Xhosa, Sotho, Zulu, Coloured, Indian and White). The third sample consisted of experts in the field of attachment. The research findings indicate that culture could influence maternal caregiving behaviours. Although all the participants valued good caregiving, some maternal responses to infant attachment behaviours varied among participants from different cultures. The research emphasises the importance of considering local contexts in understanding attachment and maternal sensitivity.
摘要文化是影响母婴依恋的一种环境因素,这一观点已被广泛接受。文化信仰被转化为育儿模式,影响母亲对婴儿依恋行为的反应,从而可能影响安全依恋核心的敏感照料。本文报道了一项研究的结果,该研究探讨了文化对南非多元文化背景下母亲护理行为的影响。通过对三个研究样本的参与者进行半结构化访谈来收集数据,以确定他们对社会文化对依恋的影响的看法。两个样本分别由代表不同南非文化(科萨人、索托人、祖鲁人、有色人种、印第安人和白人)的母亲和精神卫生专业人员组成。第三个样本由依恋领域的专家组成。研究结果表明,文化可以影响母亲的看护行为。尽管所有的参与者都重视良好的照顾,但不同文化背景的参与者对婴儿依恋行为的一些母亲反应有所不同。该研究强调了在理解依恋和母亲敏感性时考虑当地环境的重要性。
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引用次数: 4
Examining child protection practice in New South Wales: Non-accidental injury and the principle of strict liability 检视新南威尔士州的儿童保护实践:非意外伤害与严格责任原则
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2020.5
P. Hansen, F. Ainsworth
Abstract This article examines child protection practice when the Department of Communities and Justice in New South Wales takes the view that an injury to a child is non-accidental. The position taken in this paper is that once a child protection caseworker takes the position that an injury is non-accidental, then a strict liability or absolute liability approach is adopted. In effect, any of the child’s parents or caregivers are identified as persons who may have caused the injury or harm. What follows is the decision that a child must never be restored to the parents or caregivers, unless a person confesses to causing the harm and completes specific child protection counselling. Our concern is with the process of investigation, the reliance on one medical opinion in a context where the parents or caregivers are not in a financial position to obtain a second opinion, the failure to observe the rules of evidence when considering medical opinion, and the manner of substantiation of the non-accidental injury. In addition, we argue that there is a lack of knowledge about the factors that influence a paediatrician’s decision-making and that the guidelines for judicial decision-making derived from case law need to be examined further.
摘要本文考察了新南威尔士州社区和司法部门认为对儿童的伤害是非意外的情况下的儿童保护实践。本文所采取的立场是,一旦儿童保护个案工作者采取了非意外伤害的立场,那么就采用严格责任或绝对责任的方法。实际上,任何孩子的父母或照顾者都被确定为可能造成伤害或伤害的人。随后的决定是,除非一个人承认造成伤害并完成具体的儿童保护咨询,否则不得将儿童交还给父母或照顾者。我们关注的是调查过程,在父母或照顾者没有经济能力获得第二份意见的情况下依赖一份医疗意见,在考虑医疗意见时未能遵守证据规则,以及证明非意外伤害的方式。此外,我们认为,对影响儿科医生决策的因素缺乏了解,需要进一步审查源自判例法的司法决策准则。
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引用次数: 2
The impact of capitalist-led neoliberal agenda’s on parents and their children 资本主义主导的新自由主义议程对父母及其子女的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-02-06 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2020.1
R. Sanders
Abstract One of the most important social relationships in any community is that of parent and child. Parents and primary caregivers are typically tasked with raising their children; however, they are but one of many social agents and structures that contribute to childrens’ overall socialisation. Children’s beliefs, values and behaviours are influenced by the broader social systems in which they are raised, including social and economic ideologies. This commentary aims to build an argument based on a broad collection of literature and research, that Australia’s current variegated form of neoliberalism has the potential to create friction within the parent–child relationship, and questions about the social morality of this position are raised.
在任何一个社区中,最重要的社会关系之一就是父母与孩子的关系。父母和主要照顾者通常承担抚养子女的任务;然而,它们只是促进儿童全面社会化的众多社会动因和结构之一。儿童的信仰、价值观和行为受到抚养他们的更广泛的社会制度的影响,包括社会和经济意识形态。这篇评论的目的是在广泛收集文献和研究的基础上建立一个论点,即澳大利亚目前的各种形式的新自由主义有可能在亲子关系中产生摩擦,并提出了有关这种立场的社会道德问题。
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引用次数: 0
Ultra-orthodox Jewish communities and child sexual abuse: A case study of the Australian Royal Commission and its implications for faith-based communities 极端正统犹太社区与儿童性虐待:澳大利亚皇家委员会案例研究及其对信仰社区的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2019.44
Philip Mendes, Marcia Pinskier, S. McCurdy, Rachel Averbukh
Abstract To date, little is known about manifestations of child sexual abuse (CSA) within ultra-orthodox Jewish communities both in Australia and abroad. There is a paucity of empirical studies on the prevalence of CSA within Jewish communities, and little information on the responses of Jewish community organisations, or the experiences of Jewish CSA survivors and their families. This paper draws on a case study of two ultra-orthodox Jewish organisations from the recent Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse to examine the religious and cultural factors that may inform Jewish communal responses to CSA. Attention is drawn to factors that render ultra-orthodox communities vulnerable to large-scale CSA, religious laws and beliefs that may influence the reporting of abuse to secular authorities, and the communal structures that may lead to victims rather than offenders being subjected to personal attacks and exclusion from the community. Commonalities are identified between ultra-orthodox Jews and other faith-based communities, and reforms suggested to improve child safety across religious groups.
摘要迄今为止,人们对澳大利亚和国外极端正统犹太社区中儿童性虐待的表现知之甚少。关于犹太社区CSA流行率的实证研究很少,关于犹太社区组织的反应或犹太CSA幸存者及其家人的经历的信息也很少。本文借鉴了最近澳大利亚皇家机构应对儿童性虐待委员会对两个极端正统犹太组织的案例研究,以研究可能影响犹太社区应对CSA的宗教和文化因素。提请注意使极端正统派社区易受大规模CSA影响的因素,可能影响向世俗当局报告虐待行为的宗教法律和信仰,以及可能导致受害者而非罪犯遭受人身攻击和被排斥在社区之外的社区结构。极端正统派犹太人和其他信仰社区之间存在共性,并建议进行改革,以改善宗教团体的儿童安全。
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引用次数: 4
Family Law Court orders for supervised contact in custodial disputes – unanswered questions 家庭法法院命令在监护纠纷中进行监督联系——未回答的问题
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2019.42
E. Schindeler
Abstract The focus of this study was on the application of orders for supervised access made by the Australian Family Law Court in cases that involved conflicting claims by custodial and noncustodial parents. Based on accessible Court transcripts for the 28-month period ending in early 2019, 103 cases involving 172 children were identified in which orders required supervision for visitation and/or changeovers. The patterns found through thematic analysis suggest that there is a shift to increasing use of final orders involving supervision through child contact centers as either an indeterminate or permanent arrangement. This shift has significant implications for current models of supervised access/changeover, and a greater understanding in terms of the outcomes being achieved is required.
摘要本研究的重点是澳大利亚家庭法法院在涉及监护父母和非监护父母索赔冲突的案件中发出的监督探视令的应用。根据截至2019年初的28个月期间可查阅的法庭记录,确定了103起涉及172名儿童的案件,其中命令需要监督探视和/或移交。通过主题分析发现的模式表明,作为一种不确定或永久的安排,越来越多地使用通过儿童联络中心进行监督的最终命令。这一转变对目前的监督准入/转换模式具有重大影响,需要对正在取得的成果有更深入的了解。
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引用次数: 1
Car boot diamond 汽车行李箱钻石
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2019.40
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引用次数: 0
The pathway to mindfulness for children and young people 儿童和年轻人的正念之路
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2019.41
J. Lehmann
For more than two decades, there has been enthusiasm for mindfulness training and therapy for children and young people, though it seems the enthusiasm might still outweigh the evidence of efficacy (Greenberg &Harris, 2011). It is certainly an approach that, intuitively, sounds and feels like a good idea. Most of us, and our children, live very “crowded” lives and not only in terms of activities undertaken.We are constantly bombarded by noise, lights and smells; by the pressures to respond to our peers, to the demands of technology and to cultural expectations – family, community and beyond. There is little room for silence and quiet contemplation, time for emotional restoration or for the generation of ideas that come from within ourselves and are part of our creative spirit. So, the permission mindfulness gives us to stop and be in the moment has become more important than perhaps it might have been in times past. It’s no surprise, then, that in the last 10 years or so, mindfulness has grown beyond a therapeutic approach to be a restorative process for adults in all walks of life. In addition, numerous tools have been developed ranging from colouring-in, individual exercises to team and group work exercises. And in this same time frame, tools for children have also been developed in tandem with the introduction of mindfulness into contexts beyond the counselling room. Coholic’s Arts activities for children and young people in need (Coholic, 2010); and Plummer and Surrurier’s Focusing and calming games for children: Mindfulness strategies and activities to help children relax, concentrate and take control (Plummer & Serrurier, 2012) are but two examples of guides and activities that are now used in a variety of environments. Quite apart from mindfulness for children being supported by psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers, it has found purchase in the work of life coaches like van der Steenstraten (2017), who recorded her observations of themany benefits of mindfulness in Educating young children: Learning and teaching in the early childhood years. Many schools have been quick to include mindfulness in the classroom curriculum to allay issues of anxiety, of over-active behaviour (for instance, attention-deficit hyperactive disorder, and to teach self-calming techniques and increase focus as identified by Sheinman, Hadar, Gafni, andMilman (2018). The inclusion of mindfulness in school curricula has been to support positive development, to assist children and young people to overcome stress and promote life skill development that, together, support the educational process. It is the capacity of mindfulness to assist in coping with stressors that offers children and young people a tangible set of skills to build resilience. Most health professionals will be aware that children do not always recognise when they are stressed, but acute and chronic stress can lead to a range of physical symptoms as well as disrupting behavioural patterns and
二十多年来,人们对儿童和年轻人的正念训练和治疗一直很有热情,尽管这种热情似乎仍然超过了疗效的证据(格林伯格和哈里斯,2011)。从直觉上看,这是一种听起来和感觉起来都不错的方法。我们中的大多数人,以及我们的孩子,都过着非常“拥挤”的生活,这不仅体现在所从事的活动上。我们不断受到噪音、灯光和气味的轰炸;要对同龄人、对技术的要求和对文化的期望——家庭、社区和其他方面——做出反应的压力。几乎没有空间让我们安静沉思,没有时间让我们恢复情感,也没有时间让我们产生来自内心的想法,这些想法是我们创造精神的一部分。所以,正念允许我们停下来,活在当下,这比过去更重要。因此,毫不奇怪,在过去10年左右的时间里,正念已经超越了一种治疗方法,成为各行各业成年人的一种恢复过程。此外,还开发了许多工具,从涂色,个人练习到团队和小组工作练习。与此同时,针对儿童的工具也被开发出来,同时将正念引入咨询室之外的环境。Coholic为有需要的儿童和青少年举办的艺术活动(Coholic, 2010);以及Plummer和Surrurier为儿童设计的专注和镇静游戏:帮助儿童放松、集中注意力和控制的正念策略和活动(Plummer和Serrurier, 2012)只是目前在各种环境中使用的指南和活动的两个例子。除了精神科医生、心理学家和社会工作者支持的儿童正念之外,它还在van der Steenstraten(2017)等生活教练的工作中发现了购买,她记录了她对正念教育幼儿的许多好处的观察:在幼儿时期学习和教学。许多学校迅速将正念纳入课堂课程,以减轻焦虑和过度活跃行为(例如,注意力缺陷多动障碍)的问题,并教授自我镇静技巧和提高注意力,正如谢曼、哈达尔、加夫尼和米尔曼(2018)所指出的那样。将正念纳入学校课程是为了支持积极的发展,帮助儿童和年轻人克服压力,促进生活技能的发展,共同支持教育进程。正是正念的能力帮助儿童和年轻人应对压力源,为他们提供了一套切实的技能来建立适应力。大多数卫生专业人员都会意识到,儿童并不总是能意识到自己的压力,但急性和慢性压力会导致一系列身体症状,扰乱行为模式,影响学习能力(Medline, 2019)。教育学家也在倡导正念,他们强烈声称,如果他们的特定项目包括更广泛的学校社区,他们不仅注意到学生之间的差异,而且还注意到教师和家长之间的差异。然而,在教育中促进正念的方法有很多种,尽管国际上的研究蓬勃发展,它对健康和福祉的长期影响仍然是一个有趣的问题(Sheinman等人,2018)。一些项目包括学生、教师和家长,而另一些项目则侧重于学生和教学人员。微笑心灵组织一直大力倡导其微笑心灵教育计划,该计划已被迪肯大学和Insight SRC的学者评估(微笑心灵,2017)。制定该方案的原因是,澳大利亚有一半的成年人在14岁之前经历过心理健康问题,有四分之三的成年人在24岁之前经历过心理健康问题,因此心理疾病的经济成本很高。该方案还考虑到《维多利亚州十年精神健康计划》(维多利亚州,卫生和人类服务部,2015年)。在第一份评估报告中,来自维多利亚州12所学校的1853名学生和104名教师都发现了积极的变化。例如,学生们报告说,“参加这个项目显著改善了睡眠质量”
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引用次数: 0
Family Inclusive practice in child welfare: report of a Churchill Fellowship study tour 儿童福利中的家庭包容实践:丘吉尔奖学金游学报告
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2019.43
J. Cocks
Abstract Drawing on the findings of a Churchill Fellowship study tour, this article discusses the need to expand our understanding of family engagement and, in particular, to implement Family Inclusive practice in Australian child welfare, both to increase reunification and to improve outcomes for children who do not return home. I argue for this expansion through the integration of six key elements of Family Inclusive practice drawing on examples of practice and innovation from my study tour. This article commences with a discussion of the literature in support of family engagement and Family Inclusive practice. It is argued that we need to embrace an approach to Family Inclusive practice that acknowledges and addresses power imbalances, is contextualised and goes beyond relationships between workers and families. An exploration of the six elements of Family Inclusive practice follows, contributing to the understanding and practical application of Family Inclusive practice, with reference to initiatives in several countries visited during my study tour as well as to the literature more broadly. If these elements are integrated into child welfare practice and policy, they will contribute to Family Inclusive practice in the interests of children in Australia.
摘要根据丘吉尔奖学金考察团的调查结果,本文讨论了扩大我们对家庭参与的理解的必要性,特别是在澳大利亚儿童福利中实施家庭包容实践,以增加团聚并改善不回家儿童的结果。我主张通过整合家庭包容性实践的六个关键要素,借鉴我在学习之旅中的实践和创新的例子,来扩大这一范围。本文首先讨论了支持家庭参与和家庭包容实践的文献。有人认为,我们需要采用一种包容家庭的做法,承认并解决权力失衡问题,并将其置于背景之下,超越工人和家庭之间的关系。以下是对家庭包容实践的六个要素的探索,有助于理解和实际应用家庭包容实践,参考我在考察期间访问的几个国家的举措以及更广泛的文献。如果将这些要素纳入儿童福利实践和政策,它们将有助于澳大利亚儿童利益的家庭包容性实践。
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引用次数: 2
CHA volume 44 issue 4 Cover and Front matter CHA第44卷第4期封面和封面
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/cha.2019.45
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引用次数: 0
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Children Australia
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