Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2206583
R. Kaj Gittings, Travis Roach
ABSTRACTABSTRACTPolicies intended to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions are among the most hotly debated policy problems of our time. Among the concerns raised are that costs will be passed on to consumers and jobs will be lost. We use the introduction and eventual tightening of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a regional carbon permit system in the Northeastern United States, to measure labor market responses and dynamics following the implementation of a carbon pricing system. We find that implementation of the RGGI and the subsequent tightening of the emissions cap has had no effect on employment or earnings in the utilities sector but increased the rate at which workers flow in and out of jobs. In particular, within the utilities sector, we observe some job destruction and worker separation combined with increased labor reallocation across establishments. This is complemented with small spillover effects yielding positive increases in hiring, worker reallocation and job creation in industries outside of utilities. Furthermore, when we account for the endogeneity of electricity prices we find increased hiring, job creation and worker reallocation rates and a decline in job destruction rates across industries.KEYWORDS: Carbon emissionsclimate policylabor market dynamicsJEL CODES: J23L94Q48Q52 AcknowledgmentsWe are thankful for comments on early drafts of this work by R. Bruce Williamson of the Maine Public Utilities Commission, and discussants and session participants of the AERE@WEAI sessions of the WEAI conference.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
旨在减少温室气体排放量的政策是我们这个时代争论最激烈的政策问题之一。人们提出的担忧之一是，成本将转嫁给消费者，就业机会将会减少。我们利用区域温室气体倡议(RGGI)(美国东北部的一项区域碳许可制度)的引入和最终收紧，来衡量碳定价体系实施后劳动力市场的反应和动态。我们发现，RGGI的实施和随后排放上限的收紧对公用事业部门的就业或收入没有影响，但增加了工人流入和流出工作岗位的速度。特别是在公用事业部门，我们观察到一些工作岗位的破坏和工人的分离，以及企业间劳动力重新分配的增加。与此相辅相成的是，在公用事业以外的行业，小规模的溢出效应带来了招聘、工人再分配和就业创造的积极增长。此外，当我们考虑到电价的内质性时，我们发现各个行业的招聘、就业创造和工人再分配率都有所增加，就业破坏率有所下降。关键词:碳排放，气候政策，劳动力市场动态jj23l94q48q52致谢感谢缅因州公用事业委员会的R. Bruce Williamson，以及WEAI会议AERE@WEAI会议的讨论嘉宾和与会者对本文早期草稿的评论。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
{"title":"Labor reallocation and the regional greenhouse gas initiative","authors":"R. Kaj Gittings, Travis Roach","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2206583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2206583","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTABSTRACTPolicies intended to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions are among the most hotly debated policy problems of our time. Among the concerns raised are that costs will be passed on to consumers and jobs will be lost. We use the introduction and eventual tightening of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a regional carbon permit system in the Northeastern United States, to measure labor market responses and dynamics following the implementation of a carbon pricing system. We find that implementation of the RGGI and the subsequent tightening of the emissions cap has had no effect on employment or earnings in the utilities sector but increased the rate at which workers flow in and out of jobs. In particular, within the utilities sector, we observe some job destruction and worker separation combined with increased labor reallocation across establishments. This is complemented with small spillover effects yielding positive increases in hiring, worker reallocation and job creation in industries outside of utilities. Furthermore, when we account for the endogeneity of electricity prices we find increased hiring, job creation and worker reallocation rates and a decline in job destruction rates across industries.KEYWORDS: Carbon emissionsclimate policylabor market dynamicsJEL CODES: J23L94Q48Q52 AcknowledgmentsWe are thankful for comments on early drafts of this work by R. Bruce Williamson of the Maine Public Utilities Commission, and discussants and session participants of the AERE@WEAI sessions of the WEAI conference.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136066961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-11DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2217150
Takumi Haibara
{"title":"Carrots and sticks in trade and climate policies","authors":"Takumi Haibara","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2217150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2217150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42521562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2212367
Zaheer Abbas, Umer Javied, S. Pratt
{"title":"Exploring the energy intensity – per capita income nexus: evidence from middle-income and high-Income countries","authors":"Zaheer Abbas, Umer Javied, S. Pratt","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2212367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2212367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47585355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2207535
Dana Wright, Yajie Liu
{"title":"Assessing the impact of environmental variability on harvest in a heterogeneous fishery: a case study of the Canadian lobster fishery","authors":"Dana Wright, Yajie Liu","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2207535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2207535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47083561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2195684
Segun Thompson Bolarinwa, Munacinga C. Simatele
{"title":"Informality and the climate change-poverty nexus: empirical evidence from African countries","authors":"Segun Thompson Bolarinwa, Munacinga C. Simatele","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2195684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2195684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47578719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2197626
Arooj Khan, Alvina Sabah Idrees
{"title":"Environmental impact of multidimensional eco-innovation adoption: an empirical evidence from European Union","authors":"Arooj Khan, Alvina Sabah Idrees","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2197626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2197626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42626622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2186954
Malte Welling, A. Dehnhardt, Sophie-Marie Aß
ABSTRACT Stated preference methods such as choice experiments are frequently used for the valuation of environmental goods. Studies suggest that the impact of valuation results on policymaking is rare. How the validity of stated preference results is perceived by policymakers may be a neglected barrier to use in policymaking. The study investigates (1) how valuation results are used by policymakers, (2) how policymakers perceive their validity, and (3) how these perceptions matter for the use of the results. We conduct choice experiments on urban green, directly involving local policymakers in the process. The policymakers, who were interviewed later, report frequent informative use of the results. Although concerns regarding validity exist, they are not a major barrier for informative use but maybe for decisive use. Our findings provide new insights on the use of valuation results by policymakers, as our study is the first to focus on stated preference results and on the role of perceived validity and enables an in-depth analysis by interviewing policymakers involved in a transdisciplinary process. We derive recommendations for researchers on how to design and communicate stated preference studies to increase their use in environmental policy-making.
{"title":"Does validity matter for policymakers? Evidence from choice experiments on urban green","authors":"Malte Welling, A. Dehnhardt, Sophie-Marie Aß","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2186954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2186954","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stated preference methods such as choice experiments are frequently used for the valuation of environmental goods. Studies suggest that the impact of valuation results on policymaking is rare. How the validity of stated preference results is perceived by policymakers may be a neglected barrier to use in policymaking. The study investigates (1) how valuation results are used by policymakers, (2) how policymakers perceive their validity, and (3) how these perceptions matter for the use of the results. We conduct choice experiments on urban green, directly involving local policymakers in the process. The policymakers, who were interviewed later, report frequent informative use of the results. Although concerns regarding validity exist, they are not a major barrier for informative use but maybe for decisive use. Our findings provide new insights on the use of valuation results by policymakers, as our study is the first to focus on stated preference results and on the role of perceived validity and enables an in-depth analysis by interviewing policymakers involved in a transdisciplinary process. We derive recommendations for researchers on how to design and communicate stated preference studies to increase their use in environmental policy-making.","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46462341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2182368
Kaushali Dave, J. Toner, Haibo Chen
ABSTRACT Preference uncertainty is an important aspect affecting respondents’ choices and attribute valuation. However, elicitation of preference uncertainty and its modelling is strongly restricted within choice experiments. This paper applies modelling techniques to account for the preference uncertainty data to evaluate road traffic noise. The paper argues that modelling the preference uncertainty data to examine the error structure can shed significant light on the potential causes of preference uncertainty. The results also reveal that accounting for preference uncertainty data within modelling can have important implications for the valuation exercise. It is found that the nested logit model can examine significant correlation between similar preference certainty levels arising from choice-set characteristics while the error components logit model can be used to examine the effect of inherent respondent uncertainty and stochastic factors on preference uncertainty. The paper therefore recommends treating and accounting for preference uncertainty within choice experiments and thereby examine its impact on any subsequent valuations.
{"title":"Accounting for respondent’s preference uncertainty in choice experiments","authors":"Kaushali Dave, J. Toner, Haibo Chen","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2182368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2182368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Preference uncertainty is an important aspect affecting respondents’ choices and attribute valuation. However, elicitation of preference uncertainty and its modelling is strongly restricted within choice experiments. This paper applies modelling techniques to account for the preference uncertainty data to evaluate road traffic noise. The paper argues that modelling the preference uncertainty data to examine the error structure can shed significant light on the potential causes of preference uncertainty. The results also reveal that accounting for preference uncertainty data within modelling can have important implications for the valuation exercise. It is found that the nested logit model can examine significant correlation between similar preference certainty levels arising from choice-set characteristics while the error components logit model can be used to examine the effect of inherent respondent uncertainty and stochastic factors on preference uncertainty. The paper therefore recommends treating and accounting for preference uncertainty within choice experiments and thereby examine its impact on any subsequent valuations.","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47173797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2171494
Zhuanlin Wang, M. Nemati, Jinxia Wang, A. Dinar
ABSTRACT Land fallowing policy reduces the negative resource-use externalities, including water resources. Previous studies of land fallowing policies identified different factors that explain the willingness of farmers to participate in these programmes. However, less attention was placed on farm size as an important explanatory variable. We develop a theoretical model to explain the role of farm size in decisions to participate in land fallowing programmes. We then apply the theory to the Seasonal Land Fallowing Policy (SLFP), enacted to reduce agricultural groundwater use by fallowing the cultivated land of winter wheat in Hebei Province, China. Both small- and large-scale farmers participate in the programme. Using survey data, we examined whether farm size matters in decisions to participate as part of a set of variables, including farm and farmer characteristics and government requirements. Our results indicate that farm size significantly affects participation in the programme— the larger the farm, the more likely it will participate. The results are robust to various specifications. We also find that government requirements largely impact the decisions of small-scale farmers to participate. The findings have important implications for policy formulation and distinction among small- and large- scale farms.
{"title":"Does farm size matter for participation in a land fallowing policy? Evidence from China","authors":"Zhuanlin Wang, M. Nemati, Jinxia Wang, A. Dinar","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2171494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2171494","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Land fallowing policy reduces the negative resource-use externalities, including water resources. Previous studies of land fallowing policies identified different factors that explain the willingness of farmers to participate in these programmes. However, less attention was placed on farm size as an important explanatory variable. We develop a theoretical model to explain the role of farm size in decisions to participate in land fallowing programmes. We then apply the theory to the Seasonal Land Fallowing Policy (SLFP), enacted to reduce agricultural groundwater use by fallowing the cultivated land of winter wheat in Hebei Province, China. Both small- and large-scale farmers participate in the programme. Using survey data, we examined whether farm size matters in decisions to participate as part of a set of variables, including farm and farmer characteristics and government requirements. Our results indicate that farm size significantly affects participation in the programme— the larger the farm, the more likely it will participate. The results are robust to various specifications. We also find that government requirements largely impact the decisions of small-scale farmers to participate. The findings have important implications for policy formulation and distinction among small- and large- scale farms.","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2166129
Thijs Endendijk, W. Botzen
ABSTRACT On 1 January 2018, the municipality of Amsterdam changed the system for the reception of unaddressed mail from presumed consent to explicit consent to reduce paper waste. This policy can be defined as a default nudge. The no-choice population received unaddressed mail in the presumed consent system but not in the new explicit consent system. Residents receive unaddressed mail only when they actively decide to put an opt-in sticker on their mailbox. This study assesses the effectiveness and social benefits of this nudge. The effect on paper waste is estimated using a difference-in-differences approach in which several other Dutch municipalities function as the control group. Our main finding is that the default nudge results in a reduction of paper waste between 5.3% and 11%. Social benefits of this reduction include, for example, lower carbon emissions for collection and transport for paper waste, which are equivalent to yearly benefits between approximately €135,000 and €285,000 in Amsterdam. If all Dutch municipalities implement the system of explicit consent for unaddressed mail, the yearly benefits are approximately between €14 million and €30 million. The default nudge is a low-cost policy to implement and, therefore, offers municipal policymakers a cost-effective way to reduce waste.
{"title":"A default nudge in waste management: assessing the impact of explicit consent for unaddressed mail","authors":"Thijs Endendijk, W. Botzen","doi":"10.1080/21606544.2023.2166129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2023.2166129","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On 1 January 2018, the municipality of Amsterdam changed the system for the reception of unaddressed mail from presumed consent to explicit consent to reduce paper waste. This policy can be defined as a default nudge. The no-choice population received unaddressed mail in the presumed consent system but not in the new explicit consent system. Residents receive unaddressed mail only when they actively decide to put an opt-in sticker on their mailbox. This study assesses the effectiveness and social benefits of this nudge. The effect on paper waste is estimated using a difference-in-differences approach in which several other Dutch municipalities function as the control group. Our main finding is that the default nudge results in a reduction of paper waste between 5.3% and 11%. Social benefits of this reduction include, for example, lower carbon emissions for collection and transport for paper waste, which are equivalent to yearly benefits between approximately €135,000 and €285,000 in Amsterdam. If all Dutch municipalities implement the system of explicit consent for unaddressed mail, the yearly benefits are approximately between €14 million and €30 million. The default nudge is a low-cost policy to implement and, therefore, offers municipal policymakers a cost-effective way to reduce waste.","PeriodicalId":44903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43242023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：