Pub Date : 2020-03-04DOI: 10.1007/s11698-020-00202-5
Peter Grajzl, Peter Murrell
A characterization of the ideas of Francis Bacon and Edward Coke, two preeminent English lawyer-scholars, provides insights into the nature of the legal–intellectual culture of early seventeenth-century England. This emerging culture remains underexplored, even though it immediately preceded and provided essential input into the ‘culture of growth,' the eighteenth-century cultural paradigm viewed as a catalyst for England's historically unprecedented technological advance and economic growth. To develop insights, we employ a methodology not previously used in this context, applying structural topic modeling to a large corpus comprising the works of both Bacon and Coke. Estimated topics span legal, political, scientific, and methodological themes. Legal topics evidence an advanced structure of common-law thought, straddling ostensibly disparate areas of the law. Interconnections between topics reveal a distinctive approach to the pursuit of knowledge, embodying Bacon's epistemology and Coke's legal methodology. A key similarity between Bacon and Coke overshadows their differences: both sought to build reliable knowledge based on generalizing from particulars. The resulting methodological paradigm can be understood as reflecting a legacy of common-law thought and constituting a key contribution to the era's emerging legal–intellectual culture. More generally, our analysis illustrates how machine learning applied to primary texts can aid in exploration of culture.
{"title":"Characterizing a legal–intellectual culture: Bacon, Coke, and seventeenth-century England","authors":"Peter Grajzl, Peter Murrell","doi":"10.1007/s11698-020-00202-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-020-00202-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A characterization of the ideas of Francis Bacon and Edward Coke, two preeminent English lawyer-scholars, provides insights into the nature of the legal–intellectual culture of early seventeenth-century England. This emerging culture remains underexplored, even though it immediately preceded and provided essential input into the ‘culture of growth,' the eighteenth-century cultural paradigm viewed as a catalyst for England's historically unprecedented technological advance and economic growth. To develop insights, we employ a methodology not previously used in this context, applying structural topic modeling to a large corpus comprising the works of both Bacon and Coke. Estimated topics span legal, political, scientific, and methodological themes. Legal topics evidence an advanced structure of common-law thought, straddling ostensibly disparate areas of the law. Interconnections between topics reveal a distinctive approach to the pursuit of knowledge, embodying Bacon's epistemology and Coke's legal methodology. A key similarity between Bacon and Coke overshadows their differences: both sought to build reliable knowledge based on generalizing from particulars. The resulting methodological paradigm can be understood as reflecting a legacy of common-law thought and constituting a key contribution to the era's emerging legal–intellectual culture. More generally, our analysis illustrates how machine learning applied to primary texts can aid in exploration of culture.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-17DOI: 10.1007/s11698-020-00201-6
Gabriele Cappelli, Michelangelo Vasta
This paper explores the evolution of the human capital gender gap in Liberal Italy (1871–1921). First, we show that Italy lagged some 50 years behind more advanced countries like France, Prussia and the UK, and that the regional divide in gendered literacy was unparalleled in the rest of Europe. Next, we test whether the shift to primary-school centralization in 1911 (the Daneo-Credaro Reform) brought about a decisive improvement in female literacy. We rely on a brand new, cross-sectional micro (municipal)-dataset of literacy rates in 1911 and 1921, as well as their potential determinants around 1911. Such data, combined with propensity score matching to improve identification, show that primary-school centralization increased the average annual growth of female literacy by 0.78 percentage points. Thus, even though the Reform did not aim at girls specifically, it brought about the unintended consequences of more rapid human capital accumulation for women and—ceteris paribus—a reduced educational gender gap. We briefly discuss why this “Silent Revolution” likely had important implications for Italy’s economic history.
{"title":"A “Silent Revolution”: school reforms and Italy’s educational gender gap in the Liberal Age (1861–1921)","authors":"Gabriele Cappelli, Michelangelo Vasta","doi":"10.1007/s11698-020-00201-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-020-00201-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explores the evolution of the human capital gender gap in Liberal Italy (1871–1921). First, we show that Italy lagged some 50 years behind more advanced countries like France, Prussia and the UK, and that the regional divide in gendered literacy was unparalleled in the rest of Europe. Next, we test whether the shift to primary-school centralization in 1911 (the Daneo-Credaro Reform) brought about a decisive improvement in female literacy. We rely on a brand new, cross-sectional micro (municipal)-dataset of literacy rates in 1911 and 1921, as well as their potential determinants around 1911. Such data, combined with propensity score matching to improve identification, show that primary-school centralization increased the average annual growth of female literacy by 0.78 percentage points. Thus, even though the Reform did not aim at girls specifically, it brought about the unintended consequences of more rapid human capital accumulation for women and—ceteris paribus—a reduced educational gender gap. We briefly discuss why this “Silent Revolution” likely had important implications for Italy’s economic history.</p>","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-22DOI: 10.1007/s11698-019-00197-8
Vincent Geloso, Peter Lindert
The kinds of goods that richer and poorer households consumed differed more strongly in the past than today. Movements in the relative prices of luxury goods versus staples caused the real inequality to oscillate in ways missed by the usual historiography of (nominal) inequality. On both sides of the North Atlantic and in Australia, real inequality rose substantially less in 1800–1914 than the literature on nominal inequality has revealed. The reasons for this relate to the relative decline of food prices, rural–urban price gaps, and the delayed rise of luxury service prices, especially after 1850. Throughout these centuries, the North Americans enjoyed lower living costs than their counterparts in England.
{"title":"Relative costs of living, for richer and poorer, 1688–1914","authors":"Vincent Geloso, Peter Lindert","doi":"10.1007/s11698-019-00197-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-019-00197-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The kinds of goods that richer and poorer households consumed differed more strongly in the past than today. Movements in the relative prices of luxury goods versus staples caused the real inequality to oscillate in ways missed by the usual historiography of (nominal) inequality. On both sides of the North Atlantic and in Australia, real inequality rose substantially less in 1800–1914 than the literature on nominal inequality has revealed. The reasons for this relate to the relative decline of food prices, rural–urban price gaps, and the delayed rise of luxury service prices, especially after 1850. Throughout these centuries, the North Americans enjoyed lower living costs than their counterparts in England.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-23DOI: 10.1007/s11698-019-00200-2
Giovanni Federico, Alessandro Nuvolari, Leonardo Ridolfi, Michelangelo Vasta
In this paper, we estimate series of the skill premium for Italy during the early stages of the industrialization with a refined version of the regression approach originally introduced by Clark (J Polit Econ 113(6):1307–1340, 2005). We compute series for the whole country as well as separate series for macro-regions and for construction and manufacturing, and, within manufacturing, we estimate high and low skill premia for blue collars. We interpret the results with an extended version of the classic Katz and Autor (in: Ashenfelter, Card (eds) Handbook of labor economics, Elsevier, Dordrecht, pp 1463–1555, 1999) framework. The overall premium remained stable until the 1890s and then declined for the joint effect of migrations (almost exclusively of unskilled workers) and the rise in literacy, which was not compensated by the modest increase in industrial employment.
{"title":"The race between the snail and the tortoise: skill premium and early industrialization in Italy (1861–1913)","authors":"Giovanni Federico, Alessandro Nuvolari, Leonardo Ridolfi, Michelangelo Vasta","doi":"10.1007/s11698-019-00200-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-019-00200-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we estimate series of the skill premium for Italy during the early stages of the industrialization with a refined version of the regression approach originally introduced by Clark (J Polit Econ 113(6):1307–1340, 2005). We compute series for the whole country as well as separate series for macro-regions and for construction and manufacturing, and, within manufacturing, we estimate high and low skill premia for blue collars. We interpret the results with an extended version of the classic Katz and Autor (in: Ashenfelter, Card (eds) Handbook of labor economics, Elsevier, Dordrecht, pp 1463–1555, 1999) framework. The overall premium remained stable until the 1890s and then declined for the joint effect of migrations (almost exclusively of unskilled workers) and the rise in literacy, which was not compensated by the modest increase in industrial employment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-07DOI: 10.1007/s11698-019-00199-6
C. Diebolt, Charlotte Le Chapelain, Audrey-Rose Menard
{"title":"Neither the elite, nor the mass. The rise of intermediate human capital during the French industrialization process","authors":"C. Diebolt, Charlotte Le Chapelain, Audrey-Rose Menard","doi":"10.1007/s11698-019-00199-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-019-00199-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11698-019-00199-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52564410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-06DOI: 10.1007/s11698-019-00192-z
W. Keller, Carol H. Shiue, Xin Wang
{"title":"Capital markets and grain prices: assessing the storage cost approach","authors":"W. Keller, Carol H. Shiue, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11698-019-00192-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-019-00192-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11698-019-00192-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45597439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-15DOI: 10.1007/s11698-019-00196-9
Nicolas Devijlder, K. Schoors
{"title":"Land rights, local financial development and industrial activity: evidence from Flanders (nineteenth–early twentieth century)","authors":"Nicolas Devijlder, K. Schoors","doi":"10.1007/s11698-019-00196-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-019-00196-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11698-019-00196-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45680755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.1007/s11698-019-00193-y
D. Allen, B. Leonard
{"title":"How many rushed during the Oklahoma land openings?","authors":"D. Allen, B. Leonard","doi":"10.1007/s11698-019-00193-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-019-00193-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11698-019-00193-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52564274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-22DOI: 10.1007/s11698-019-00194-x
F. González
{"title":"Immigration and human capital: consequences of a nineteenth century settlement policy","authors":"F. González","doi":"10.1007/s11698-019-00194-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-019-00194-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11698-019-00194-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s11698-019-00195-w
Brian D. Varian
{"title":"The manufacturing comparative advantages of late-Victorian Britain","authors":"Brian D. Varian","doi":"10.1007/s11698-019-00195-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-019-00195-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44951,"journal":{"name":"Cliometrica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11698-019-00195-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47760772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}