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Creating and validating a scholarly knowledge graph using natural language processing and microtask crowdsourcing. 利用自然语言处理和微任务众包创建并验证学术知识图谱。
IF 1.6 Q2 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00360-7
Allard Oelen, Markus Stocker, Sören Auer

Due to the growing number of scholarly publications, finding relevant articles becomes increasingly difficult. Scholarly knowledge graphs can be used to organize the scholarly knowledge presented within those publications and represent them in machine-readable formats. Natural language processing (NLP) provides scalable methods to automatically extract knowledge from articles and populate scholarly knowledge graphs. However, NLP extraction is generally not sufficiently accurate and, thus, fails to generate high granularity quality data. In this work, we present TinyGenius, a methodology to validate NLP-extracted scholarly knowledge statements using microtasks performed with crowdsourcing. TinyGenius is employed to populate a paper-centric knowledge graph, using five distinct NLP methods. We extend our previous work of the TinyGenius methodology in various ways. Specifically, we discuss the NLP tasks in more detail and include an explanation of the data model. Moreover, we present a user evaluation where participants validate the generated NLP statements. The results indicate that employing microtasks for statement validation is a promising approach despite the varying participant agreement for different microtasks.

由于学术出版物越来越多,查找相关文章变得越来越困难。学术知识图谱可以用来组织这些出版物中的学术知识,并以机器可读的格式表示它们。自然语言处理(NLP)提供了从文章中自动提取知识并填充学术知识图谱的可扩展方法。然而,NLP 提取通常不够准确,因此无法生成高粒度的高质量数据。在这项工作中,我们介绍了 TinyGenius,这是一种利用众包执行的微型任务来验证 NLP 提取的学术知识语句的方法。TinyGenius 使用五种不同的 NLP 方法填充以论文为中心的知识图谱。我们以多种方式扩展了 TinyGenius 方法的前期工作。具体来说,我们更详细地讨论了 NLP 任务,并对数据模型进行了解释。此外,我们还进行了用户评估,让参与者验证生成的 NLP 语句。结果表明,尽管参与者对不同微任务的认同度不同,但采用微任务进行语句验证是一种很有前途的方法。
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引用次数: 0
OAVA: the open audio-visual archives aggregator OAVA:开放式视听档案聚合器
IF 1.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00384-z
Polychronis Charitidis, Sotirios Moschos, Chrysostomos Bakouras, Stavros Doropoulos, Giorgos Makris, Nikolas Mauropoulos, Ilias Nitsos, Sofia Zapounidou, Afrodite Malliari

The purpose of the current article is to provide an overview of an open-access audiovisual aggregation and search service platform developed for Greek audiovisual content during the OAVA (Open Access AudioVisual Archive) project. The platform allows the search of audiovisual resources utilizing metadata descriptions, as well as full-text search utilizing content generated from automatic speech recognition (ASR) processes through deep learning models. A dataset containing reliable Greek audiovisual content providers and their resources (1710 in total) is created. Both providers and resources are reviewed according to specific criteria already established and used for content aggregation purposes, to ensure the quality of the content and to avoid copyright infringements. Well-known aggregation services and well-established schemas for audiovisual resources have been studied and considered regarding both aggregated content and metadata. Most Greek audiovisual content providers do not use established metadata schemas when publishing their content, nor technical cooperation with them is guaranteed. Thus, a model is developed for reconciliation and aggregation. To utilize audiovisual resources the OAVA platform makes use of the latest state-of-the-art ASR approaches. OAVA platform supports Greek and English speech-to-text models. Specifically for Greek, to mitigate the scarcity of available datasets, a large-scale ASR dataset is annotated to train and evaluate deep learning architectures. The result of the above-mentioned efforts, namely selection of content, metadata, development of appropriate ASR techniques, and aggregation and enrichment of content and metadata, is the OAVA platform. This unified search mechanism for Greek audiovisual content will serve teaching, research, and cultural activities. OAVA platform is available at: https://openvideoarchives.gr/.

本文旨在概述在 OAVA(开放存取视听档案)项目期间为希腊视听内容开发的开放存取视听聚合和搜索服务平台。该平台允许利用元数据描述搜索音像资源,也允许利用通过深度学习模型从自动语音识别(ASR)过程中生成的内容进行全文搜索。创建的数据集包含可靠的希腊视听内容提供商及其资源(共 1710 个)。对提供商和资源的审查都是根据已经制定并用于内容聚合目的的特定标准进行的,以确保内容的质量并避免侵犯版权。在聚合内容和元数据方面,对知名的聚合服务和成熟的视听资源模式进行了研究和考量。大多数希腊音像内容提供商在发布内容时并不使用既定的元数据模式,与这些模式的技术合作也得不到保证。因此,我们开发了一个用于协调和聚合的模型。为了利用视听资源,OAVA 平台采用了最新的 ASR 方法。OAVA 平台支持希腊语和英语语音到文本模型。特别是对于希腊语,为缓解可用数据集的稀缺性,对大规模 ASR 数据集进行了注释,以训练和评估深度学习架构。OAVA 平台是上述工作的成果,即选择内容、元数据、开发适当的 ASR 技术以及聚合和丰富内容和元数据。这一统一的希腊视听内容搜索机制将服务于教学、研究和文化活动。OAVA 平台的网址是:https://openvideoarchives.gr/。
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引用次数: 0
User versus institutional perspectives of metadata and searching: an investigation of online access to cultural heritage content during the COVID-19 pandemic 元数据和搜索的用户视角与机构视角:COVID-19 大流行期间文化遗产内容在线访问调查
IF 1.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00385-y
Ryan Colin Gibson, Sudatta Chowdhury, Gobinda Chowdhury

Findings from log analyses of user interactions with the digital content of two large national cultural heritage institutions (National Museums of Scotland and National Galleries of Scotland) during the COVID-19 lockdown highlighted limited engagement compared to pre-pandemic levels. Just 8% of users returned to these sites, whilst the average time spent, and number of pages accessed, were generally low. This prompted a user study to investigate the potential mismatch between the way content was indexed by the curators and searched for by users. A controlled experiment with ten participants, involving two tasks and a selected set of digital cultural heritage content, explored: (a) how does the metadata assigned by cultural heritage organisations meet or differ from the search needs of users? and (b) how can the search strategies of users inform the search pathways employed by cultural heritage organisations? Findings reveal that collection management standards like Spectrum encourage a variety of different characteristics to be considered when developing metadata, yet much of the content is left to the interpretations of curators. Rather, user- and context-specific guidelines could be beneficial in ensuring the aspects considered most important by consumers are indexed, thereby producing more relevant search results. A user-centred approach to designing cultural heritage websites would help to improve an individual’s experience when searching for information. However, a process is needed for institutions to form a concrete understanding of who their target users are before developing features and designs to suit their specific needs and interests.

对两个大型国家文化遗产机构(苏格兰国家博物馆和苏格兰国家美术馆)的用户在 COVID-19 封锁期间与数字内容的交互日志分析结果表明,与大流行前的水平相比,用户的参与程度有限。仅有 8% 的用户返回了这些网站,而平均花费的时间和访问的页面数量也普遍较低。这促使我们开展了一项用户研究,以调查内容管理者编制索引的方式与用户搜索方式之间可能存在的不匹配。一项有十名参与者参加的对照实验涉及两项任务和一组选定的数字文化遗产内容,目的是探索:(a) 文化遗产机构分配的元数据如何满足或有别于用户的搜索需求? (b) 用户的搜索策略如何为文化遗产机构采用的搜索途径提供信息?研究结果表明,像《光谱》这样的藏品管理标准鼓励在开发元数据时考虑各种不同的特征,但大部分内容都要由馆长来解释。相反,针对用户和具体情况的指导原则可能有助于确保消费者认为最重要的方面被编入索引,从而产生更相关的搜索结果。以用户为中心的文化遗产网站设计方法将有助于改善个人搜索信息的体验。不过,各机构在开发功能和设计以满足用户的具体需求和兴趣之前,需要对目标用户有一个具体的了解过程。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing the examination of obstacles in an automated peer review system 加强对自动同行评议制度障碍的审查
IF 1.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00382-1
Gustavo Lúcius Fernandes, Pedro O. S. Vaz-de-Melo

The peer review process is the main academic resource to ensure that science advances and is disseminated. To contribute to this important process, classification models were created to perform two tasks: the review score prediction (RSP) and the paper decision prediction (PDP). But what challenges prevent us from having a fully efficient system responsible for these tasks? And how far are we from having an automated system to take care of these two tasks? To answer these questions, in this work, we evaluated the general performance of existing state-of-the-art models for RSP and PDP tasks and investigated what types of instances these models tend to have difficulty classifying and how impactful they are. We found, for example, that the performance of a model to predict the final decision of a paper is 23.31% lower when it is exposed to difficult instances and that the classifiers make mistake with a very high confidence. These and other results lead us to conclude that there are groups of instances that can negatively impact the model’s performance. That way, the current state-of-the-art models have potential to helping editors to decide whether to approve or reject a paper; however, we are still far from having a system that is fully responsible for scoring a paper and decide if it will be accepted or rejected.

同行评议过程是确保科学进步和传播的主要学术资源。为了促进这一重要过程,我们创建了分类模型来执行两个任务:评审分数预测(RSP)和论文决策预测(PDP)。但是,是什么挑战阻碍我们建立一个完全有效的系统来负责这些任务呢?我们离拥有一个自动化系统来处理这两项任务还有多远?为了回答这些问题,在这项工作中,我们评估了现有最先进的RSP和PDP任务模型的一般性能,并调查了这些模型倾向于难以分类的实例类型以及它们的影响程度。例如,我们发现,当模型面对困难的实例时,预测论文最终决定的性能降低了23.31%,并且分类器犯错误的置信度非常高。这些和其他结果使我们得出这样的结论:有一组实例会对模型的性能产生负面影响。这样,目前最先进的模型就有可能帮助编辑决定是否批准或拒绝一篇论文;然而,我们还远远没有建立一个完全负责论文评分并决定论文是否被接受或拒绝的系统。
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引用次数: 0
Focused Issue on Digital Library Challenges to Support the Open Science Process 关注数字图书馆挑战以支持开放科学进程
IF 1.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00388-9
Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio

Open Science is the broad term that involves several aspects aiming to remove the barriers for sharing any kind of output, resources, methods or tools, at any stage of the research process (https://book.fosteropenscience.eu/en/). The Open Science process is a set of transparent research practices that help to improve the quality of scientific knowledge and are crucial to the most basic aspects of the scientific process by means of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles. Thanks to research transparency and accessibility, we can evaluate the credibility of scientific claims and make the research process reproducible and the obtained results replicable. In this context, digital libraries play a pivotal role in supporting the Open Science process by facilitating the storage, organization, and dissemination of research outputs, including open access publications and open data. In this focused issue, we invited researchers to discuss innovative solutions, also related to technical challenges, about the identifiability of digital objects as well as the use of metadata and ontologies in order to support replicable and reusable research, the adoption of standards and semantic technologies to link information, and the evaluation of the application of the FAIR principles.

开放科学是一个广义的术语,涉及几个方面,旨在消除在研究过程的任何阶段共享任何类型的产出、资源、方法或工具的障碍(https://book.fosteropenscience.eu/en/)。开放科学过程是一套透明的研究实践,有助于提高科学知识的质量,并通过FAIR(可查找、可访问、可互操作和可重用)原则对科学过程的最基本方面至关重要。由于研究的透明度和可及性,我们可以评估科学主张的可信度,使研究过程可重复,获得的结果可复制。在此背景下,数字图书馆通过促进研究成果(包括开放获取出版物和开放数据)的存储、组织和传播,在支持开放科学进程方面发挥着关键作用。在这个重点问题中,我们邀请研究人员讨论创新的解决方案,也与技术挑战有关,关于数字对象的可识别性,以及元数据和本体的使用,以支持可复制和可重复使用的研究,采用标准和语义技术来链接信息,以及评估公平原则的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Universities, heritage, and non-museum institutions: a methodological proposal for sustainable documentation 大学、遗产和非博物馆机构:可持续文献的方法论建议
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00383-0
Marina Salse-Rovira, Nuria Jornet-Benito, Javier Guallar, Maria Pilar Mateo-Bretos, Josep Oriol Silvestre-Canut
Abstract To provide a sustainable methodology for documenting the small (and underfunded) but often important university heritage collections. The sequence proposed by the DBLC (Database Life Cycle) (Coronel and Morris, Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management. Cengage Learning, Boston, 2018; Oppel Databases a beginner’s guide. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2009) is followed, focusing on the database design phase. The resulting proposals aim at harmonising the different documentation tools developed by GLAM institutions (acronym that aims to highlight the common aspects of Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums), all of which are present in the university environment. The work phases are based mainly on the work of Valle, Fernández Cacho, and Arenillas (Muñoz Cruz et al. Introducción a la documentación del patrimonio cultural. Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía, Seville, 2017), combined with the experience acquired from the creation of the virtual museum at our institution. The creation of a working team that includes university staff members is recommended because we believe that universities have sufficient power to manage their own heritage. For documentation, we recommend the use of application profiles that consider the new trends in semantic web and LOD (Linked Open Data) and that are created using structural interchange standards such as Dublin Core, LIDO, or Darwin Core, which should be combined with content and value standards adapted from the GLAM area. The application of the methodology described above will make it possible to obtain quality metadata in a sustainable way given the limited resources of university collections. A proposed metadata schema is provided as an annex.
提供一种可持续的方法来记录小型(和资金不足)但通常很重要的大学遗产收藏。DBLC(数据库生命周期)(Coronel and Morris, Database Systems: Design, Implementation, &管理。圣智学习,波士顿,2018;Oppel数据库初学者指南。McGraw-Hill, New York, 2009),着重于数据库设计阶段。由此产生的建议旨在协调GLAM机构开发的不同文档工具(首字母缩略词,旨在突出画廊、图书馆、档案馆和博物馆的共同方面),所有这些都存在于大学环境中。工作阶段主要基于Valle, Fernández Cacho和Arenillas (Muñoz Cruz等人)的工作。Introducción a la documentación del patrimonio cultural。Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía,塞维利亚,2017年),结合在我们机构创建虚拟博物馆所获得的经验。我们认为,大学有足够的能力管理自己的遗产,因此建议成立包括大学工作人员在内的工作小组。对于文档,我们建议使用考虑语义网和LOD(链接开放数据)新趋势的应用程序概要文件,并使用结构交换标准(如Dublin Core、LIDO或Darwin Core)创建应用程序概要文件,这些标准应与GLAM领域的内容和价值标准相结合。鉴于大学馆藏资源有限,应用上述方法将有可能以可持续的方式获得高质量的元数据。建议的元数据模式作为附件提供。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Libraries, Epigraphy and Paleography: Bring Records from the Distant Past to the Present: Part II 数字图书馆,铭文和古文字:从遥远的过去到现在带来的记录:第二部分
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00381-2
Stephen M. Griffin
Abstract The two volumes of this Special Issue explore the intersections of digital libraries, epigraphy and paleography. Digital libraries research, practices and infrastructures have transformed the study of ancient inscriptions by providing organizing principles for collections building, defining interoperability requirements and developing innovative user tools and services. Yet linking collections and their contents to support advanced scholarly work in epigraphy and paleography tests the limits of current digital libraries applications. This is due, in part, to the magnitude and heterogeneity of works created over a time period of more than five millennia. The remarkable diversity ranges from the types of artifacts to the methods used in their production to the singularity of individual marks contained within them. Conversion of analogue collections to digital repositories is well underway—but most often not in a way that meets the basic requirements needed to support scholarly workflows. This is beginning to change as collections and content are being described more fully with rich annotations and metadata conforming to established standards. New use of imaging technologies and computational approaches are remediating damaged works and revealing text that has, over time, become illegible or hidden. Transcription of handwritten text to machine-readable form is still primarily a manual process, but research into automated transcription is moving forward. Progress in digital libraries research and practices coupled with collections development of ancient writtten works suggests that epigraphy and paleography will gain new prominence in the Academy.
本特刊的两卷探讨了数字图书馆、金石学和古文字学的交叉点。数字图书馆的研究、实践和基础设施为馆藏建设提供了组织原则,定义了互操作性要求,并开发了创新的用户工具和服务,从而改变了古代碑文的研究。然而,将馆藏及其内容连接起来,以支持金石学和古文字学方面的高级学术工作,考验了当前数字图书馆应用的极限。这在一定程度上是由于在5000多年的时间里创作的作品的规模和多样性。从人工制品的类型到生产方法,再到其中包含的单个标记的独特性,都存在着显著的多样性。模拟馆藏到数字资源库的转换正在顺利进行,但大多数情况下,转换的方式不能满足支持学术工作流程所需的基本要求。随着集合和内容被更完整地描述为符合既定标准的丰富注释和元数据,这种情况开始发生变化。成像技术和计算方法的新应用正在修复受损的作品,并揭示随着时间的推移,变得难以辨认或隐藏的文本。将手写文本转录成机器可读的形式仍然主要是一个人工过程,但对自动转录的研究正在向前发展。数字图书馆研究和实践的进步,加上古代书面作品的收藏发展,表明金石学和古文字学将在学院中获得新的突出地位。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical developments for the Homer Multitext: palaeography, orthography, morphology, prosody, semantics 荷马多文本的分析发展:古文字,正字法,形态学,韵律,语义学
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00380-3
Neel Smith, Christopher Blackwell
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引用次数: 0
Challenges in replaying archived Twitter pages 重新播放存档的Twitter页面的挑战
IF 1.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00379-w
Kritika Garg, Himarsha R. Jayanetti, Sawood Alam, Michele C. Weigle, Michael L. Nelson
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引用次数: 0
Graduate student search strategies within academic digital libraries 学术数字图书馆中的研究生搜索策略
IF 1.5 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-023-00378-x
O. Hoeber, D. Storie
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal on Digital Libraries
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