Infection Disease & Health最新文献_第2页

Attitudes to cross infection, nebuliser hygiene and antimicrobial resistance in people with cystic fibrosis: Results of an international survey 囊性纤维化患者对交叉感染、雾化器卫生和抗菌药耐药性的态度：一项国际调查的结果。

IF 2.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.04.002

Background

Respiratory infection is a major cause of disease severity in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). This project aimed to establish the CF community's opinion regarding cross infection (CI), nebuliser hygiene, antimicrobial resistance, personal impact of microbiological findings and the role of the microbiology laboratory.

Methods

A questionnaire was completed anonymously (n = 280; PwCF (n = 128), parents (n = 123); friends/family/carers/charity personnel (n = 29)) from 13 countries. Readability scores (Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL)) were determined for CI/IP&C information from six national CF charities and 21 scientific abstracts.

Results

Respondents (72.5%) indicated knowledge of laboratory aspects of CF microbiology was important, however implications of microbiological findings on personal health/well-being were of higher importance (p < 0.0001). Cross infection/infection prevention & control (CI/IP&C) was of highest importance (95.6% respondents) with 27.3% indicating they were not given adequate information, particularly in older respondents (50 y+) (p = 0.006) versus young adults (16-29 y) and respondents from the Middle East versus N. America (p = 0.022) and Europe (p = 0.045). Responses highlighted how CI/IP&C health literacy could be enhanced. Respondents (77.3%), particularly females (p < 0.0001), indicated they would increase the frequency of nebuliser disinfection following guidance on infection risks/best practice, therefore an educational video was prepared. CI/IP&C readability scores (mean ± sd) from CF charities (FRE 52.5 ± 10.8; FKGL 9.7 ± 2.3) were more readable (p < 0.0001) than scientific abstracts (FRE 13.3 ± 11.1; FKGL 16.9 ± 2.3), however not meeting the targets (FRE≥60 and FKGL≤8).

Conclusion

There is a requirement for further CI/IP&C evidence-based guidance, policies/guidelines, education awareness, best practice in the home environment and multi-modal communication, enabling the CF community to make informed choices on lifestyle behaviours.

背景呼吸道感染是导致囊性纤维化患者（PwCF）病情严重的主要原因。该项目旨在了解囊性纤维化患者群体对交叉感染 (CI)、雾化器卫生、抗菌素耐药性、微生物学发现对个人的影响以及微生物学实验室的作用的看法。方法来自 13 个国家的 280 名囊性纤维化患者（n = 128）、父母（n = 123）、朋友/家人/护理人员/慈善机构工作人员（n = 29）匿名填写了一份调查问卷。对来自 6 个国家 CF 慈善机构的 CI/IP&C 信息和 21 篇科学摘要进行了可读性评分（Flesch 阅读容易度 (FRE)、Flesch Kincaid 等级 (FKGL)）。结果受访者（72.5%）表示，CF 微生物学实验室方面的知识很重要，但微生物学研究结果对个人健康/福祉的影响更为重要（p < 0.0001）。交叉感染/感染预防与控制（CI/IP&C）的重要性最高（95.6% 的受访者），27.3% 的受访者表示他们没有获得足够的信息，尤其是在老年受访者（50 岁以上）（p = 0.006）与年轻人（16-29 岁）、中东受访者与北美受访者（p = 0.022）和欧洲受访者（p = 0.045）之间。答复强调了如何提高 CI/IP&C 健康素养。受访者（77.3%），尤其是女性（p <0.0001）表示，在获得感染风险/最佳实践指导后，她们会增加雾化器消毒的频率，因此我们准备了一段教育视频。与科学摘要（FRE 13.3 ± 11.1; FKGL 16.9 ± 2.3）相比，CF 慈善机构的 CI/IP&C 可读性评分（平均值 ± sd）（FRE 52.5 ± 10.8; FKGL 9.7 ± 2.3）更具可读性（p < 0.0001），但未达到目标（FRE≥60 和 FKGL≤8）。结论需要进一步制定以 CI/IP&C 为基础的循证指导、政策/指南、教育意识、家庭环境中的最佳实践和多模式交流，使 CF 社区能够在生活方式行为方面做出明智的选择。

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引用次数: 0

The increasing health burden of Legionella Pneumophila in NSW 军团菌对新南威尔士州健康造成的日益沉重的负担。

IF 2.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.03.004

Michael Staff , Adelaide Nyinawingeri

Background

Legionella pneumophila can cause severe respiratory disease and is notifiable in NSW. An analysis of notifications linked to hospitalisation and death data over the period 2010–2022 was conducted to determine the burden of disease and any association with the introduction of NSW regulatory changes in 2018.

Methods

Cases were retrospectively identified from the Notifiable Conditions Records for Epidemiology and Surveillance (NCRES). Data on related morbidity and mortality were obtained from linked data within the NSW Communicable Disease Register (CDR). The impact of the regulatory change was evaluated by analysing monthly count data using an interrupted time series analysis.

Results

A total of 928 cases were notified with 84% admitted to hospital. Annual adjusted notification and admission rates increased over the period from 4.40 to 7.92 cases and 3.72 to 7.20 admissions, per 1,000,000 population, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 14 days with a median of 8 days (range 1–262 days). Time series analysis identified an underlying increasing time trend in cases notified per month with an IRR of 1.069 (95% ci 0.751–1.523) post 2018 regulatory implementation.

Conclusion

L. pneumophila is posing an increasing burden of disease with an underlying upward trend in notification incidence despite the introduction of regulatory changes in 2018.

Implication for public health practice

This study demonstrates how linking notification, hospitalisation and death data can measure the health burden of a notifiable condition. Furthermore, time-series analysis using these data is able to identify underlying temporal trends and evaluate policy changes.

背景嗜肺军团菌可导致严重的呼吸道疾病，在新南威尔士州应予通报。我们对 2010-2022 年期间与住院和死亡数据相关联的通知进行了分析，以确定疾病负担以及与 2018 年新南威尔士州引入的监管变化之间的任何关联。相关发病率和死亡率数据来自新南威尔士州传染病登记册（CDR）中的链接数据。通过使用间断时间序列分析法对每月计数数据进行分析，评估了法规变更的影响。在此期间，调整后的年通报率和年入院率分别从每 100 万人口 4.40 例和 3.72 例增至 7.92 例和 7.20 例。平均住院时间（LOS）为 14 天，中位数为 8 天（范围为 1-262 天）。时间序列分析确定了每月通报病例的潜在增长时间趋势，2018 年法规实施后的内部收益率为 1.069（95% ci 0.751-1.523）.结论尽管 2018 年引入了法规变化，但嗜肺病毒造成的疾病负担不断增加，通报发病率呈潜在上升趋势.对公共卫生实践的启示本研究展示了如何将通报、住院和死亡数据联系起来衡量应通报病症的健康负担。此外，使用这些数据进行时间序列分析能够识别潜在的时间趋势并评估政策变化。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a rapid, multi-organisational, multi-modal assessment of a newly available disposable respirator 对新上市的一次性呼吸器进行多组织、多模式的快速评估。

IF 2.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.03.002

Irene Ng , Charles Bodas , Megan Roberts , Andrew Coe , Michelle Smith , Helen McCann , Daryl Lindsay Williams

Background

A rapid large-scale evaluation of a newly available duckbill style P2/N95 respirator, the Care Essentials (CE) MSK-003, was required to determine its suitability for deployment into the Victorian healthcare service. The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of establishing a rapid, multi-organisational and multi-modal evaluation of the respirator, and to investigate whether this respirator would meet the needs of healthcare workers.

Methods

The evaluation was a collaboration among three healthcare organisations – two tertiary hospitals in metropolitan Melbourne and a rural-based hospital. Participants were healthcare workers undertaking their routine fit tests. They were required to complete quantitative fit testing and a usability assessment survey on the CE MSK-003 respirator. The a priori performance criteria were set as fit test pass rate of >70%, plus satisfactory subjective overall comfort and performance assessments, defined as a rating of adequate, good, or very good in >90% of the cohort.

Results

A total of 1070 participants completed the multi-modal assessment within a month. Seventy-eight percent of participants passed their quantitative fit test. Over 90% of survey respondents reported that the CE MSK-003 was adequate, good or very good in terms of its overall comfort and performance assessments.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that a multi-modal evaluation of a new respirator can be rapidly conducted with a high level of participation in a controlled, consistent manner across multiple organisations. The evaluation results of the CE MSK-003 respirator exceeded our predetermined (a priori) minimal criteria, making it suitable for broad distribution to healthcare organisations.

背景需要对新上市的鸭嘴式 P2/N95 呼吸器（Care Essentials (CE) MSK-003）进行快速大规模评估，以确定其是否适用于维多利亚州的医疗保健服务。本研究的目的是评估对该呼吸器进行快速、多组织和多模式评估的可行性，并调查该呼吸器是否能满足医护人员的需求。方法该评估由三家医疗机构（墨尔本市的两家三甲医院和一家农村医院）合作进行。参与者为进行常规密合度测试的医护人员。他们需要完成CE MSK-003呼吸器的密合度定量测试和可用性评估调查。先验性能标准设定为密合度测试合格率达到 70%，以及主观总体舒适度和性能评估达到满意，即 90% 的参与者的评级为 "足够"、"好 "或 "非常好"。结果共有 1070 名参与者在一个月内完成了多模式评估。78%的参与者通过了定量适应性测试。超过 90% 的调查对象表示 CE MSK-003 在整体舒适性和性能评估方面表现为足够好、好或非常好。结论我们证明，可以在多个组织中以受控、一致的方式快速对新型呼吸器进行多模式评估，而且参与度很高。CE MSK-003 呼吸器的评估结果超过了我们预先确定的（先验）最低标准，因此适合广泛分发给医疗机构。

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引用次数: 0

Capacity building to address antimicrobial resistance in remote Australia: The inaugural HOT NORTH Antimicrobial Academy 澳大利亚偏远地区应对抗菌药耐药性的能力建设：首届 HOT NORTH 抗菌学院。

IF 2.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.03.001

A.C. Bowen , B. Smith , K. Daveson , L. Eldridge , A. Hempenstall , T. Mylne , R. Szalkowski , K. Van Rooijen , L. Anderson , M. Stephens , S.Y.C. Tong , T. Yarwood

Background

Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for some pathogens in Australia are considerably higher in rural and remote compared to urban regions. The inaugural Hot North Antimicrobial Academy was a 9-month educational programme aimed to build workforce knowledge and capacity in antimicrobial use, audit, stewardship, surveillance and drug resistance in remote primary health care.

Methods

The Academy was advertised to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, regional and remote healthcare workers. Participants were Aboriginal health practitioners, nurses, pharmacists and doctors from Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia working in remote primary health care with a focus on Indigenous health. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, the Academy ran virtually from February–November 2021 using Microsoft Teams. The Academy was evaluated using surveys and yarning circles to assess impact and knowledge gain.

Results

Participants and faculty from across Australia attended 19 lectures and mentorship sessions. Eleven participants commenced and eight (73%) completed the Academy. The Academy raised participants awareness of AMR guidelines, governance and generating change; built confidence in advocacy; grew knowledge about drug resistant infections; and created a community of AMR champions in Indigenous health.

Conclusion

The evaluation confirmed the Academy met the needs of participants, provided opportunities to move stewardship from tertiary hospitals into Indigenous and remote clinics and developed skills in research, audit, stewardship and advocacy for all involved. All sessions were recorded for future use, with facilitation by the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (NACCHO) in future years.

背景：与城市地区相比，澳大利亚农村和偏远地区某些病原体的抗菌药耐药性（AMR）比率要高得多。首届 "热北抗菌学院"（Hot North Antimicrobial Academy）是一项为期 9 个月的教育计划，旨在培养偏远地区初级卫生保健人员在抗菌药物使用、审计、监管、监测和耐药性方面的知识和能力：该学院面向土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民、地区和偏远地区的医疗保健工作者进行宣传。参加者是来自昆士兰州、北领地、南澳大利亚州和西澳大利亚州的原住民医疗从业人员、护士、药剂师和医生，他们主要从事偏远地区的初级医疗保健工作，重点关注原住民健康。由于 COVID-19 的限制，学院于 2021 年 2 月至 11 月期间使用 Microsoft Teams 虚拟运行。通过调查和学习圈对学院进行了评估，以评估其影响和知识收获：来自澳大利亚各地的学员和教师参加了 19 场讲座和辅导课程。11 名学员开始了学习，8 名学员（73%）完成了学习。学院提高了学员对 AMR 指南、管理和变革的认识；建立了宣传信心；增加了对耐药感染的了解；并创建了一个土著健康领域 AMR 倡导者社区：评估结果证实，学院满足了参与者的需求，提供了将管理从三级医院转移到土著和偏远地区诊所的机会，并培养了所有参与者在研究、审计、管理和宣传方面的技能。所有会议都进行了记录，供今后使用，全国土著社区控制健康组织（NACCHO）将在未来几年为会议提供便利。

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引用次数: 0

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis 非洲导尿管相关尿路感染：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.02.005

Zelalem Asmare , Mulat Erkihun , Wagaw Abebe , Agenagnew Ashagre , Tadesse Misganaw , Sefineh Fenta Feleke

Background

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for the majority of device-associated healthcare-acquired infections with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In developing countries with limited resources, the burden of CAUTI have substantial burden owing to the lack of well-organized infection prevention and control. Although there are studies in African countries, the magnitude of CAUTI is inconsistent. Therefore this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of CAUTI in Africa and identify the pathogens involved.

Methods

Systematic review of articles from different databases and search engines such as Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and African Journal online were systematically searched to identify potential studies. Data were extracted on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA 17.0. The pooled prevalence of CAUTI was estimated using a random effects model, inverse of variance was used to assess statistical heterogeneity across studies. Egger's tests was performed to identify possible publication bias.

Results

This systematic review and meta-analysis incorporated twenty studies, revealing a pooled prevalence of CAUTI at 43.28%. Gram-negative bacteria were the leading cause of CAUTI accounts for 82.9%. Escherichia coli (45.06%) was the most frequent gram-negative bacterial isolate involved in CAUTI followed by Klebsiella spp (24.17%). Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant gram-positive bacterial isolate, accounting for 53.24% of gram-positive associated cases in CAUTI.

Conclusion and recommendations

In conclusion, the high prevalence of CAUTI in Africa underlines a pressing healthcare challenge. Addressing this issue requires a concerted effort, encompassing health education, infection prevention measures, resource allocation, and collaborative initiatives to enhance patient safety and mitigate the impact of CAUTI on healthcare systems in the region. As prolonged catheterization increases the risk of infection, catheters should only be used for proper indications and removed promptly when no longer needed.

背景：导尿管相关性尿路感染（CAUTIs）在与设备相关的医疗保健获得性感染中占大多数，在全球范围内具有显著的发病率和死亡率。在资源有限的发展中国家，由于缺乏有序的感染预防和控制措施，CAUTI 造成了沉重的负担。虽然在非洲国家也有研究，但 CAUTI 的严重程度并不一致。因此，本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在确定非洲 CAUTI 的总体流行率，并确定其中涉及的病原体：系统地检索了不同数据库和搜索引擎（如 Medline/PubMed、Google Scholar、Science Direct 和 African Journal online）中的文章，以确定潜在的研究。通过 Microsoft Excel 电子表格提取数据，并使用 STATA 17.0 进行分析。使用随机效应模型估算了CAUTI的汇总患病率，并使用方差反比来评估各研究之间的统计异质性。采用Egger检验来确定可能存在的发表偏倚：本系统综述和荟萃分析纳入了 20 项研究，结果显示 CAUTI 的总患病率为 43.28%。革兰氏阴性菌是导致 CAUTI 的主要原因，占 82.9%。大肠埃希菌（45.06%）是 CAUTI 中最常见的革兰氏阴性菌，其次是克雷伯菌（24.17%）。金黄色葡萄球菌是最主要的革兰氏阳性细菌分离物，占 CAUTI 革兰氏阳性相关病例的 53.24%：总之，CAUTI 在非洲的高发病率凸显了一个紧迫的医疗挑战。解决这一问题需要各方共同努力，包括健康教育、感染预防措施、资源分配和合作计划，以加强患者安全并减轻 CAUTI 对该地区医疗系统的影响。由于长期导管插入会增加感染风险，因此导管只能在适当的适应症下使用，并在不再需要时及时拔除。

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引用次数: 0

Haemodialysis machine designation for patients with chronic Hepatitis B virus: A practice and attitudes survey of Australian renal healthcare workers 为慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者指定血液透析机：澳大利亚肾病医护人员的实践与态度调查。

IF 3.5 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.02.003

Sarah Russo , Jill Telfer , Carla Silva , Eliza Daly , Sarah Browning

Background

To reduce the risk of viral transmission, guidelines recommend the use of designated haemodialysis machines and patient isolation for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). These practices are without a strong evidence base, and may no longer be necessary in the setting of heat disinfection programs and standard precautions.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey was developed for renal clinicians across Australia and New Zealand to explore infection prevention policy concerning patients with chronic HBV in haemodialysis units. We sought to determine whether psychosocial and cultural impacts might result from the mandatory use of machine designation and patient isolation practices, as perceived by multidisciplinary healthcare workers with experience working with this patient population.

Results

Sixty-seven responses from 27 health districts across all states of Australia and one New Zealand district were received. Most respondents were from urban areas (65%), and were nurses (87%). 50% of health districts reported using designated machines, while 32% isolate patients. Lack of necessary resources limited the use of designated machines (57%), and patient isolation (78%). Respondents not routinely using these precautions were more likely to express concerns regarding patient psychosocial wellbeing and cultural appropriateness. Overall, 30% of respondents expressed concerns regarding the cultural appropriateness of these recommendations.

Conclusion

We demonstrate wide variation in haemodialysis infection prevention and control policy and practice with regards to managing patients with chronic HBV. While use of standard precautions and machine disinfection are consistently applied, resource availability and concerns for patient psychosocial wellbeing limit adherence to international guidelines.

背景：为降低病毒传播的风险，指南建议使用指定的血液透析机，并对慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）患者进行隔离。这些做法缺乏强有力的证据基础，而且在热消毒计划和标准预防措施的背景下可能不再有必要：方法：我们针对澳大利亚和新西兰的肾脏临床医生开展了一项在线横断面调查，以探讨血液透析室中慢性 HBV 患者的感染预防政策。我们试图确定具有此类患者工作经验的多学科医护人员是否认为强制使用机器指定和患者隔离措施会对社会心理和文化产生影响：共收到来自澳大利亚各州 27 个卫生区和新西兰一个卫生区的 67 份回复。大多数受访者来自城市地区（65%），并且是护士（87%）。50%的卫生区报告使用了指定的机器，32%的卫生区将病人隔离。缺乏必要的资源限制了指定机器（57%）和病人隔离（78%）的使用。未常规使用这些预防措施的受访者更有可能对患者的社会心理健康和文化适宜性表示担忧。总体而言，30% 的受访者对这些建议的文化适宜性表示担忧：我们发现，在管理慢性 HBV 患者方面，血液透析感染预防与控制政策和实践存在很大差异。虽然使用标准预防措施和机器消毒的做法是一致的，但资源的可用性和对患者社会心理健康的关注限制了对国际指南的遵守。

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引用次数: 0

Post implementation quarantine recommendations that support preparedness: A systematic review and quarantine implementation capability framework 支持备灾的实施后检疫建议：系统回顾与检疫实施能力框架。

IF 2.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.02.004

Matiu Bush , Catherine M. Bennett , Ana Hutchinson , Stéphane L. Bouchoucha

Background

During COVID-19, countries utilised various quarantine systems to achieve specific outcomes. At different stages and durations, voluntary and mandatory quarantine occurred in homes, hotels and facilities based on local and national elimination strategies. Countries are incorporating quarantine lessons from COVID-19 into revising pandemic plans as part of the World Health Organization's Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats (PRET) activities. This review aimed to amalgamate quarantine post implementation recommendations from a whole-of-system perspective.

Methods

This review utilised MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, APA, and PsycINFO. To capture all pandemics, no date restriction was applied. Recommendations were synthesised and inductively grouped into quarantine capability categories. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023420765).

Results

A total of 449 published articles were screened, with 51 articles included and 156 recommendations extracted. Recommendations were grouped into 15 quarantine capability categories, comprising governance, preparation, infection prevention and control, ventilation, compliance, data, information and technology, safety-quality-risk, communication, healthcare model, home quarantine, hotel quarantine, facility quarantine, workforce, and resident considerations. The capability categories were further consolidated into strategic, structural, and operational domains to support the whole-of-system perspective.

Conclusion

The quarantine implementation capability framework generated provides comprehensive and deeper insights into the essential capabilities required for quarantine systems to support governments in PRET activities, including reviewing and revising pandemic plans and developing quarantine preparedness exercises.

背景：在 COVID-19 期间，各国利用各种检疫制度来实现特定成果。在不同的阶段和持续时间内，根据当地和国家的消除战略，在家庭、酒店和设施中实施了自愿和强制检疫。各国正在将 COVID-19 的检疫经验纳入大流行病计划的修订中，这是世界卫生组织 "应对新威胁的准备和复原力"（PRET）活动的一部分。本综述旨在从整个系统的角度综合检疫后的实施建议：本综述利用了 MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL、APA 和 PsycINFO。为囊括所有大流行病，对日期不做限制。对建议进行了综合，并归纳为检疫能力类别。本综述已在 PROSPERO（CRD42023420765）上注册：结果：共筛选了 449 篇已发表的文章，其中 51 篇被收录，156 项建议被摘录。建议分为 15 个检疫能力类别，包括治理、准备、感染预防与控制、通风、合规性、数据、信息与技术、安全-质量-风险、沟通、医疗保健模式、家庭检疫、酒店检疫、设施检疫、劳动力和居民考虑因素。这些能力类别被进一步整合为战略、结构和操作领域，以支持整个系统的视角：所生成的检疫实施能力框架为检疫系统所需的基本能力提供了全面而深入的见解，以支持政府开展 PRET 活动，包括审查和修订大流行病计划以及开展检疫准备演习。

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引用次数: 0

Awareness and attitudes towards infectious diseases among teachers and administrators: Evaluation of health-related school program and practices 教师和管理人员对传染病的认识和态度：评估与健康有关的学校课程和实践。

IF 3.5 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.02.002

Kaan Aksun , Veysel Alcan

Background

Schools play a crucial role in promoting health education and awareness about infectious diseases. This study aims to examine teachers' and administrators' awareness and attitudes towards infectious diseases and their specific health-related applications.

Methods

This study used a new scale to collect survey data from 435 teachers and administrators. The validity and reliability of the scale were assessed by factor analysis. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships between variables. T-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed for group comparisons.

Results

The findings revealed a concerning skepticism among a significant portion of participants towards the effectiveness of vaccines in ending epidemics and a lack of health education activities in schools. Significant differences were observed in the scores for physical measures, educational activities, awareness, observation, and attitudes based on school type and ownership of certificates (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

This study highlights the need for continuous education and awareness-raising efforts to develop sustainable school health practices. Integrating diverse health professionals into school health management teams can enhance health services in educational settings. The present study also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive health education in understanding infectious diseases, preventive measures, and proper hygiene practices.

背景：学校在促进健康教育和提高对传染病的认识方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨教师和行政人员对传染病的认识和态度，以及传染病在健康方面的具体应用：本研究使用新量表收集了 435 名教师和行政人员的调查数据。通过因子分析评估了量表的有效性和可靠性。采用皮尔逊相关分析和回归分析来探讨变量之间的关系。采用 T 检验和单因素方差分析进行分组比较：研究结果表明，相当一部分参与者对疫苗在终止流行病方面的有效性持怀疑态度，而且学校缺乏健康教育活动。根据学校类型和证书拥有情况，在身体测量、教育活动、认识、观察和态度方面的得分存在显著差异（P ≤ 0.05）：本研究强调了持续教育和提高认识的必要性，以发展可持续的学校卫生实践。将不同的卫生专业人员纳入学校卫生管理团队可以加强教育环境中的卫生服务。本研究还强调了全面健康教育在了解传染病、预防措施和正确卫生习惯方面的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Promoting knowledge and capacity building on infection prevention and control, including hand hygiene, among health and care workers 在卫生和护理人员中推广有关感染预防和控制（包括手部卫生）的知识并提高相关能力

IF 3.5 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2024.02.001

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the efficacy of latex gloves in preventing viral infections during needlestick injuries: An in vitro mixed-methods study 揭示乳胶手套在针刺伤中预防病毒感染的功效：体外混合方法研究。

IF 3.5 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2023.10.001

Marinila Buzanelo Machado , Viviane de Cássia Oliveira , Pedro Castania Amadio Domingues , Rachel Maciel Monteiro , André Pereira dos Santos , Lucas Lazarini Bim , Denise de Andrade , Evandro Watanabe

Background

Gloves are personal protective equipment designed to prevent contamination and reduce the spread of microorganisms. This study aimed to assess in vitro the physical integrity of latex gloves and the retention of biological contamination in healthcare simulation.

Method

Three different batches of latex procedure gloves from five different brands and specific batches were evaluated before use for physical integrity by the standard protocols of the Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and of the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Moreover, the retention of biological contamination by latex procedure gloves in needlestick injury simulation with crystal violet and bacteriophages were applied in order to mimic human blood and virus presence.

Results

Brands D and C showed the best and worst results in the immediate inspections and after 2 min, respectively. For Brand C, damage occurred in one finger/region in a total of 12 gloves, while seven gloves were damaged/unable to be worn. Brand D presented only two gloves with tears and/or holes in one finger/region. Regarding the viral contamination, in a simulated needlestick injury, data showed no significant difference among the groups.

Conclusion

All glove brands presented physical damage that might affect the spread of microorganisms. The gloves did not exert an additional protective effect during a needlestick injury simulation in accordance with the two techniques used in this study.

背景：手套是一种个人防护设备，旨在防止污染和减少微生物的传播。本研究旨在体外评估乳胶手套的物理完整性和医疗模拟中生物污染的滞留情况：方法：按照美国材料试验协会（ASTM）和美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的标准规程，对五个不同品牌和特定批次的三个不同批次的乳胶手套进行使用前的物理完整性评估。此外，为了模拟人体血液和病毒的存在，还使用紫水晶和噬菌体对针刺伤模拟乳胶手套的生物污染进行了保留：结果：D 牌和 C 牌分别在即时检查和 2 分钟后显示出最好和最差的结果。C 品牌共有 12 只手套的一个手指/区域破损，7 只手套破损/无法佩戴。品牌 D 只有两只手套的一个手指/区域出现破损和/或破洞。关于病毒污染，在模拟针刺伤中，数据显示各组之间没有显著差异：结论：所有品牌的手套都存在可能影响微生物传播的物理损伤。结论：所有品牌的手套都存在可能影响微生物传播的物理损伤，根据本研究中使用的两种技术，在模拟针刺伤中，手套没有起到额外的保护作用。

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