Infection Disease & Health最新文献

Comparison of coding data with clinical diagnosis of antibiotic-resistant healthcare-associated infections 编码数据与耐药卫生保健相关感染临床诊断的比较

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.100405

Seamus Horan , Vivian K.Y. Leung , Paul M. Kinsella , N. Deborah Friedman , Irani Thevarajan , Caroline Marshall

Background

Despite increasing use of International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding data to detect hospital-acquired complications, evidence of its accuracy is limited. Infections with multidrug resistant organisms (MROs) is a subcategory of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) with increased morbidity and mortality. This study compared ICD coding to clinical diagnosis for detection of MRO HAIs.

Methods

We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and estimated the sensitivity of hospital coding in identifying clinical MRO HAIs. We reviewed admissions in 2023 that had an MRO HAI code applied to assess for clinical evidence of MRO HAIs. The PPV of coded MRO HAI in detecting clinical MRO HAI was calculated. A second PPV, which excluded Staphylococcus aureus solely resistant to penicillin and Klebsiella species solely resistant to amoxicillin, was calculated to assess whether minor exclusions of expected resistance patterns of no clinical relevance could improve the PPV.

Results

There were 262 MRO HAI codes across 122 relevant admissions in 2023. Clinical MRO HAI was confirmed in 76 admissions (PPV 62 %). Excluding expected resistance patterns increased the PPV to 73 %. Analysis of the 11 cases of healthcare-associated ESBL bacteraemia identified that three received an MRO HAI code (sensitivity 27 %).

Conclusions

Using coded data to determine presence of MRO HAIs is unlikely to be of sufficient accuracy to guide prevention activities or be used as a quality metric.

背景：尽管越来越多地使用国际疾病分类（ICD）编码数据来检测医院获得性并发症，但其准确性的证据有限。多药耐药生物（mro）感染是卫生保健相关感染（HAI）的一个亚类别，发病率和死亡率都有所增加。本研究比较了ICD编码与MRO HAIs检测的临床诊断。方法：计算阳性预测值（PPV）并估计医院编码识别临床MRO HAIs的敏感性。我们回顾了2023年申请MRO HAI代码以评估MRO HAI临床证据的入院患者。计算编码MRO HAI检测临床MRO HAI的PPV。第二种PPV排除了仅对青霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌和仅对阿莫西林耐药的克雷伯菌，计算以评估少量排除无临床相关性的预期耐药模式是否可以改善PPV。结果：2023年122例相关入院患者共获得262个MRO HAI代码。76例患者（PPV为62%）确诊临床MRO HAI。排除预期的抗性模式，PPV增加到73%。对11例卫生保健相关ESBL菌血症的分析发现，其中3例接受了MRO HAI代码（敏感性为27%）。结论：使用编码数据来确定MRO HAIs的存在不太可能具有足够的准确性来指导预防活动或用作质量指标。

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引用次数: 0

Contact tracing and isolation of Carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in a tertiary referral hospital 某三级转诊医院产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌（CPE）的接触者追踪和分离

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.100406

Rebecca Sparks, Ruchir Chavada

Background

Carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are an emerging cause of healthcare associated infection that pose a significant threat to public health. The Clinical Excellence Commission (CEC) have developed a guideline to assist with strategies to prevent, detect and contain CPE in healthcare facilities. We aimed to assess the compliance of contact screening as recommended by this guideline and determine the potential barriers leading to decreased compliance.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary referral centre from June 2022 to April 2024. We reviewed all cases where CPE was isolated from either clinical or infection control screening samples. Index cases and contacts (as defined by the CEC CPE guideline) were included in the study. Data collected contained whether appropriate contact CPE screening was performed, CPE transmission rates, and contact deisolation rate.

Results

There were 27 CPE index cases that triggered contact tracing investigation, with 140 case contacts requiring screening. There was one case with microbiological confirmation of CPE transmission. 53 (38 %) contacts completed all required CPE screening samples with 38/53 (71 %) achieving clearance from contact precautions. Patient discharge at the time of CPE laboratory confirmation was the primary reason for not achieving contact screening requirements. Time to laboratory confirmation of CPE and confirmation of CPE cases during non-business hours were contributing factor.

Conclusion

CPE contact screening identified few additional cases in our cohort although rate of screening completion was low. Compliance with the guideline was poor when a patient was discharged from the facility.

背景：产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌（CPE）是卫生保健相关感染的新原因，对公众健康构成重大威胁。临床卓越委员会（CEC）制定了一项指导方针，以协助制定预防、检测和控制医疗机构中CPE的战略。我们的目的是评估本指南推荐的接触筛查的依从性，并确定导致依从性降低的潜在障碍。方法：这是一项回顾性队列研究，于2022年6月至2024年4月在单一三级转诊中心进行。我们回顾了从临床或感染控制筛查样本中分离出CPE的所有病例。指示病例和接触者（按照CEC CPE指南的定义）被纳入研究。收集的数据包括是否进行了适当的接触者CPE筛查、CPE传播率和接触者去隔离率。结果：有27例CPE指标病例触发接触者追踪调查，有140例接触者需要筛查。有一例经微生物学证实为CPE传播。53例（38%）接触者完成了所有要求的CPE筛查样本，其中38/53例（71%）达到接触者预防措施的清除。患者在CPE实验室确认时出院是未达到接触者筛查要求的主要原因。实验室确诊CPE的时间和非营业时间确诊CPE病例是影响因素。结论：CPE接触筛查在我们的队列中发现了很少的额外病例，尽管筛查完成率很低。当病人出院时，对指导方针的遵守情况很差。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring urinary tract infections in residents of Australian aged care homes: Clinical and microbiological characteristics identified through a pilot surveillance program 监测澳大利亚养老院居民的尿路感染：通过试点监测计划确定的临床和微生物特征

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.100404

Lyn-li Lim , N. Deborah Friedman , Stephanie K. Tanamas , Leon J. Worth , Roman Mykytowycz , Noleen Bennett

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant burden among residents of aged care homes (ACHs). The objective of this study was to describe ‘UTI event’ data reported by Australian ACHs, and to compare clinical and microbiological characteristics with surveillance and clinical case-definitions for UTI.

Methods

Australian ACHs involved in the pilot National Infection Surveillance Program for Aged Care (NISPAC) were offered participation in a pilot study of UTI surveillance. Standardised data collection tools captured resident-days, catheter-days, clinical and microbiological event data. Reported UTI events were evaluated to determine whether criteria for accepted surveillance (Stone/revised McGeer) or clinical (Australian Therapeutic Guideline) UTI case-definitions were met.

Results

136,333 resident days and 4,659 resident catheter-days were submitted by 25 ACHs from five Australian jurisdictions. In total, 172 UTI events with at least one sign or symptom were reported (150 in non-catheterised residents and 21 in catheterised residents), with the most commonly reported being ‘new onset confusion or functional decline’ (116/172, 67.4%). Almost half (71/150, 47.3%) non-catheterised resident events did not meet either Stone or Therapeutic Guidelines modified case definitions for UTI. Over half (45/89, 50.6%) of urine cultures from non-catheterised residents met laboratory criteria for UTI but lacked sufficient signs or symptoms to fulfil UTI case definitions.

Conclusion

Nearly half of reported UTI events did not meet surveillance or clinical case-definitions. This highlights the need to support initiatives to improve clinician recognition of UTI, recognise asymptomatic bacteriuria and understand the limitations of relying on urine culture alone to confirm UTI.

背景：尿路感染（uti）是养老院（ACHs）居民的重要负担。本研究的目的是描述澳大利亚ACHs报告的“尿路感染事件”数据，并将尿路感染的临床和微生物特征与监测和临床病例定义进行比较。方法参与国家老年护理感染监测试点项目（NISPAC）的澳大利亚护士被邀请参与尿路感染监测的试点研究。标准化数据收集工具捕获住院天数、导管天数、临床和微生物事件数据。对报告的尿路感染事件进行评估，以确定是否符合接受监测（Stone/修订McGeer）或临床（澳大利亚治疗指南）尿路感染病例定义的标准。结果来自澳大利亚5个司法管辖区的25个ACHs提交了136,333个住院天数和4,659个住院导管天数。总共报告了172例至少有一种体征或症状的尿路感染事件（150例在未置管的居民中，21例在置管的居民中），最常见的报告是“新发精神混乱或功能下降”（116/172,67.4%）。几乎一半（71/150,47.3%）的非导管住院事件不符合Stone或治疗指南修改的尿路感染病例定义。超过一半（45/89,50.6%）的非导尿居民尿液培养符合尿路感染的实验室标准，但缺乏足够的体征或症状来满足尿路感染病例定义。近一半报告的尿路感染事件不符合监测或临床病例定义。这突出表明需要支持提高临床医生对尿路感染的认识，识别无症状的细菌尿，并了解仅依靠尿液培养来确认尿路感染的局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Behind the mask: Clinician practices and attitudes on reprocessing positive airway pressure (PAP) devices 面具背后：临床医生对再处理气道正压（PAP）设备的做法和态度

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.100402

O.A. McGuiness , S. Sivam , C. Menadue , K.L. Melehan , A.J. Piper

Background

There are no evidence-based guidelines concerning reprocessing of positive airway pressure (PAP) devices between users. Consequently, current practices are based on local policies and interpretation of manufacturer instructions. As many PAP users start with loaned equipment, understanding PAP device hygiene is a priority. Little is known about PAP device reprocessing procedures or clinician confidence in reprocessing procedures across Australia.

Methods

An online anonymous survey was administered to clinicians involved in reprocessing PAP devices between users. This survey was sent to both targeted clinicians known to provide non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and openly circulated to any clinician managing PAP devices via mailing lists, to understand current practices.

Results

There was a response rate of 41 % (20/49) for targeted respondents with a total of 66 completed responses. 53 % of respondents had >10 years of experience with 86 % providing NIV. Confidence in NIV machine reprocessing in institutions was 81 mm (IQR 70–90.5 mm) on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Less than 30 % of respondents described specific cleaning processes for multi-resistant organisms (MROs). A device isolation period before reissue occurred at 26 % of sites providing home NIV. Thematic analysis identified waste concerns due to mandated single use items, uncertainty about MROs and evolving requirements for tracking of equipment.

Conclusions

This is the first known survey investigating PAP reprocessing practices by experienced clinicians, showing limited procedural variability with variable confidence in procedures used. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to reduce uncertainty and practice variability with consideration of risk mitigation and principles of sustainable healthcare.

背景：关于使用者之间气道正压（PAP）设备的再处理，目前尚无循证指南。因此，目前的做法是基于当地政策和对制造商说明的解释。由于许多PAP用户开始使用借来的设备，了解PAP设备的卫生是一个优先事项。人们对PAP设备再处理程序或临床医生对澳大利亚再处理程序的信心知之甚少。方法对临床医生进行在线匿名调查。该调查被发送给已知提供无创通气（NIV）的目标临床医生，并通过邮件列表公开分发给任何管理PAP设备的临床医生，以了解当前的做法。结果目标被调查者的回复率为41%(20/49)，共完成66份问卷。53%的受访者有10年的经验，86%的人提供NIV。在100毫米视觉模拟量表上，机构对NIV机器再处理的置信度为81毫米（IQR 70-90.5毫米）。不到30%的答复者描述了针对多重耐药生物（mro）的特定清洁工艺。在提供家庭NIV的站点中，26%的站点在重新发放之前存在设备隔离期。专题分析确定了由于强制性单次使用物品、mro的不确定性以及跟踪设备的不断变化的要求而造成的浪费问题。这是已知的第一个由经验丰富的临床医生调查PAP再处理实践的调查，显示了有限的程序可变性和对所使用程序的可变置信度。考虑到风险缓解和可持续医疗原则，需要循证指南来减少不确定性和实践可变性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative study of the performance of the manual backpack sprayer and the advanced handheld electrostatic disinfection device for the sanitization of inanimate surfaces 手持式背包式喷雾器与先进手持式静电消毒装置无生命表面消毒性能的比较研究

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.100403

Aarti Chauhan , Manoj Kumar Patel , Manoj Kumar Nayak , Nadarajah Manivannan , Geoffrey Robert Mitchell

Background

The effective disinfection and sanitization of public spaces is essential due to the factors contributing to the spread of infections. High-traffic areas are particularly vulnerable to the transmission of infectious diseases. Various methods are employed to ensure effective disinfection and sanitization, including UV-C disinfection, fogging, and conventional spraying. However, each of these techniques comes with its own set of limitations. This study aims to compare the efficiency of electrostatic and manual backpack sprayers in killing pathogens found in a laboratory environment. Parameters responsible for effective electrostatic spraying were also critically examined.

Methods

The efficiency of both sprayers was tested on 16 commonly encountered inanimate surfaces in a laboratory environment. Pre-determined colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were spread over the marked surface to be tested. A paired t-test was employed to assess pre- and post-sanitization microbial load when electrostatic spraying was done, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to analyze the significant difference between the two techniques.

Results

The results showed that electrostatic spraying of H₂O₂ (2%) with a contact time of 10 min achieved more than a 6 log-reduction on vertical, horizontal, and curved surfaces (p < 0.01). Also, the time taken for spraying with an electrostatic device was half that of a manual backpack sprayer.

Conclusion

The results showed that the electrostatic spraying technique is equally effective in reaching curved and hidden surfaces as it is for incident surfaces.

由于导致感染传播的因素，对公共场所进行有效的消毒和卫生处理至关重要。交通繁忙的地区特别容易受到传染病传播的影响。为确保有效消毒和卫生处理，采用多种方法，包括UV-C消毒、喷雾和常规喷雾。然而，每一种技术都有自己的局限性。本研究旨在比较静电和手动背包喷雾器在杀死实验室环境中发现的病原体方面的效率。对有效静电喷涂的参数也进行了严格的检查。方法在实验室环境下，对16种常见的无生命表面进行喷雾效果测试。预先确定的大肠杆菌菌落散布在标记的待测表面。采用配对t检验评估静电喷涂消毒前后的微生物负荷，并采用方差分析（ANOVA）分析两种方法的显著性差异。结果H2O2（2%）静电喷涂接触时间为10 min，在垂直、水平和曲面上均可减少6倍以上（p < 0.01）。另外，静电喷雾器的喷雾时间是手动双肩包喷雾器的一半。结论静电喷涂技术对曲面和隐曲面的处理效果与对入射曲面的处理效果相当。

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引用次数: 0

Structures, processes and outcomes for establishing a statewide infection prevention and control service for Queensland, Australia 在澳大利亚昆士兰州建立全州感染预防和控制服务的结构、过程和结果。

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.11.001

Belinda Henderson , Michelle Doidge , Kathryn O'Brien , Toni McLean , Sally Healy , Heidi Carroll , Brydie Edwards , Merrick Powell , Catherine Viengkham , Ramon Z. Shaban

Healthcare-associated infections, communicable diseases and antimicrobial resistance pose significant threats to the health and safety of people globally. In the Commonwealth of Australia, the responsibility for infection prevention and control governance at population levels is shared principally between state and federal governments, which work in concert to reduce the risk and impact of communicable disease within both healthcare and community settings. The federated nature of Australia with separation of powers between the jurisdictions and national government has led to variation in how these issues are managed within each of Australia's six states and two self-governing internal territories.

In this paper, we use the Donabedian Framework to describe and document the structures, processes and outcomes of a newly established statewide infection prevention and control service, called the Queensland Infection Prevention and Control Unit. We canvas both the historical and contemporary landscape of infection prevention and control in Australia, and provide a comprehensive overview of the legislative and regulatory considerations that underpinned the new statewide infection prevention and control service in Queensland, Australia's third most populous state. We explore how this unit has been integrated into the broader health department, including existing communicable disease and surveillance bodies, and provide a brief overview of the preliminary outcomes achieved during the unit's first year of operation. In sharing our experiences, we hope to provide a useful resource for those in other jurisdictions nationally and globally undertaking similar ventures for prioritising infection prevention and disease control at population scale.

与医疗保健相关的感染、传染病和抗菌素耐药性对全球人民的健康和安全构成重大威胁。在澳大利亚联邦，在人口层面预防和控制感染的责任主要由州政府和联邦政府共同承担，它们共同努力，在保健和社区环境中减少传染病的风险和影响。澳大利亚的联邦性质是司法管辖区和国家政府之间的权力分立，这导致了澳大利亚六个州和两个自治的内部领土如何处理这些问题的差异。在本文中，我们使用Donabedian框架来描述和记录新建立的全州感染预防和控制服务的结构，过程和结果，称为昆士兰感染预防和控制单元。我们概述了澳大利亚感染预防和控制的历史和当代景观，并全面概述了澳大利亚人口第三大州昆士兰州新的全州感染预防和控制服务的立法和监管考虑。我们探讨了该单位如何融入更广泛的卫生部门，包括现有的传染病和监测机构，并简要概述了该单位第一年运作期间取得的初步成果。通过分享我们的经验，我们希望为在全国和全球范围内开展类似工作的其他司法管辖区提供有用的资源，以便在人口规模上优先预防感染和控制疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Management, use and documentation of off-label antimicrobials in the operating theatre: A survey of Australian hospital pharmacists 手术室超说明书抗菌剂的管理、使用和记录：对澳大利亚医院药剂师的调查

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.12.002

Nadine T. Hillock , Matthew Rawlins , Edward Raby , Courtney Ierano

Background

Optimising antimicrobial use during surgery is essential for preventing surgical site infections, ensuring patient safety and minimising the risk of antimicrobial resistance. To investigate the management, use and documentation of ‘off-label’ antimicrobials in Australian operating theatres (OT).

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey of hospital pharmacists with expertise in antimicrobial stewardship, surgery or and/or medication safety. Demographic and quantitative questions were analysed using descriptive statistics. Free-text responses underwent reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Responses from 61 Australian hospital pharmacists were analysed. 83 % of survey participants reported that ceftriaxone was stocked in OT, with 70 % and 62 % stocking IV amoxicillin-clavulanate and piperacillin-tazobactam respectively. Vancomycin (34 %), rifampicin (18 %) and gentamicin (16 %) were the most commonly used antimicrobials for wound irrigation. Over half (51 %) of participants reported seeing vancomycin powder applied directly to surgical sites. Thematic analysis of free-text responses generated three dominant themes: surgical staff work-arounds, risks to patient safety, and detached or unclear pharmacist role in OT.

Conclusion

Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are used topically as washes, soaks, and applied directly to surgical sites, however the extent of this practice is unclear due to poor documentation. There is wide variation between hospitals regarding which antimicrobials are kept in OT, with inconsistent compliance to systems restricting use in this setting. Opportunities to improve the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials include: better utilisation of automated dispensing cabinets to track use and facilitate audits, embedding of pharmacists in OT to improve management, and policies to ensure documentation and patient consent for use outside of evidence-based guidelines.

背景：优化手术期间的抗菌药物使用对于预防手术部位感染、确保患者安全和最大限度地减少抗菌药物耐药性风险至关重要。调查澳大利亚手术室（OT）“标签外”抗菌药物的管理、使用和记录。方法对具有抗菌药物管理、手术或/或用药安全专业知识的医院药师进行横断面在线调查。使用描述性统计分析人口统计学和定量问题。对自由文本反应进行反身性主题分析。结果对61名澳大利亚医院药师的反馈进行了分析。83%的调查参与者报告说，门诊储存了头孢曲松，70%和62%分别储存了静脉注射阿莫西林-克拉维酸和哌拉西林-他唑巴坦。万古霉素（34%）、利福平（18%）和庆大霉素（16%）是伤口冲洗中最常用的抗菌素。超过一半（51%）的参与者报告看到万古霉素粉末直接应用于手术部位。对自由文本回复的专题分析产生了三个主要主题：外科工作人员的变通方法，对患者安全的风险，以及药剂师在OT中的独立或不明确的作用。结论广谱抗菌素外用如冲洗、浸泡和直接应用于手术部位，但由于文献资料不足，这种做法的程度尚不清楚。医院之间关于哪些抗菌素在门诊保存存在很大差异，在这种情况下对限制使用的系统的遵守不一致。改善广谱抗菌素使用的机会包括：更好地利用自动配药柜来跟踪使用情况并促进审计，将药剂师纳入OT以改进管理，以及制定政策以确保记录和患者同意在循证指南之外使用。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of test methods and the efficacy of hypochlorous acid water atomization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital rooms 次氯酸水雾化防治病房铜绿假单胞菌试验方法及效果评价。

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.10.001

Mikio Takahashi , Osamu Simooki

Background

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of hypochlorous acid water has been spreading. However, limited studies have assessed its safety and efficacy when atomised in hospital environments. This study evaluated the disinfection performance of atomised hypochlorous acid water against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a key pathogen in nosocomial infection control.

Methods

Two test methods for P. aeruginosa, which is susceptible to drying, have been developed. In the first method, 10 μL of bacterial suspension was pipetted onto five spots in a Petri dish, allowed to dry, and solidified (bacterial suspension ‘pipetting method’). The second method involved diluting the bacterial suspension 100-fold in saline and pouring 8 mL into a Petri dish (bacterial suspension ‘pooling method’).

Results

In the pipetting method, no reduction in viable bacteria was observed following atomization of 40 ppm hypochlorous acid water, whereas a significant bactericidal effect (p < 0.001) was detected at 300 ppm. Conversely, in the pooling method, a significant reduction in viable bacteria (p < 0.01) was observed at 40 ppm, with bacterial counts falling below the detection limit at 300 ppm, clearly demonstrating a strong bactericidal effect. The effectiveness of the pooling method may be attributed to enhanced penetration of hypochlorous acid particles, which could promote oxidative action.

Conclusion

These findings confirm the bactericidal efficacy of hypochlorous acid water atomization in hospital wards against P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, as a performance test, these methods were close to real clinical settings in terms of nutritional conditions and the pooling method could properly evaluate desiccation-sensitive bacteria.

背景：自2019冠状病毒病大流行以来，次氯酸水的使用一直在扩大。然而，有限的研究评估了其在医院环境中雾化时的安全性和有效性。本研究评价了雾化次氯酸水对铜绿假单胞菌的消毒效果，铜绿假单胞菌是控制医院感染的关键病原体。方法：建立了两种易干燥的铜绿假单胞菌的检测方法。第一种方法是将10 μL菌悬液移至培养皿中的5个点上，晾干并固化（菌悬液“移液法”）。第二种方法是将菌悬液在生理盐水中稀释100倍，并将8ml倒入培养皿中（菌悬液“池化法”）。结果：在移液法中，40 ppm次氯酸水雾化后没有观察到活菌的减少，而300 ppm次氯酸水雾化后有显著的杀菌效果（p < 0.001）。相反，在池化法中，在40 ppm时观察到活菌显著减少（p < 0.01），细菌计数在300 ppm时低于检出限，清楚地显示出强大的杀菌效果。池化方法的有效性可能归因于次氯酸颗粒的渗透增强，这可以促进氧化作用。结论：证实了医院病房次氯酸水雾化对铜绿假单胞菌的杀菌作用。此外，作为一种性能测试，这些方法在营养条件方面接近临床真实情况，池化法可以很好地评估干燥敏感菌。

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引用次数: 0

Country-level assessment of infection prevention and control in public hospitals in Peru 秘鲁公立医院感染预防和控制的国家一级评估。

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.10.003

Martin Yagui , Zenobia Quispe Pardo , Jorge Terrazas , Roger V. Araujo-Castillo

Background

Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant cause of morbidity in hospitals, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed weaknesses in infection prevention and control (IPC) programs. This study aimed to assess the implementation status of IPC programs in public hospitals in Peru during 2023.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in 77 public hospitals in Peru that voluntarily completed the standardized “Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework” (IPCAF) developed by the World Health Organization. The instrument evaluates eight core components of IPC programs and classifies implementation levels as inadequate, basic, intermediate, or advanced based on scoring.

Results

Among the hospitals, 49.4 % reached an intermediate IPC level, 27.3 % a basic level, 18.2 % an advanced level, and 5.2 % an inadequate level. The highest-scoring components were HAI surveillance (mean: 74.8) and built environment and equipment (69.6), while the lowest-performing components were multimodal strategies (43.1) and workload and staffing (44.7). Hospitals located in Metropolitan Lima and Callao consistently obtained higher scores than those in other regions of the country.

Conclusion

IPC program implementation in public hospitals in Peru is heterogeneous, with notable gaps in key areas such as staffing, training, and intervention strategies. Strengthening IPC programs requires targeted funding, continuous training, and periodic evaluations to ensure sustained monitoring and improvement.

背景：卫生保健相关感染（HAIs）是医院发病的一个重要原因，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。COVID-19大流行暴露了感染预防和控制（IPC）计划的弱点。本研究旨在评估2023年期间秘鲁公立医院IPC项目的实施状况。方法：对秘鲁77家自愿完成世界卫生组织制定的标准化“感染预防和控制评估框架”（IPCAF）的公立医院进行描述性横断面研究。该仪器评估IPC程序的八个核心组成部分，并根据评分将实施水平分为不充分、基本、中级或高级。结果：49.4%的医院达到IPC中级水平，27.3%为基本水平，18.2%为高级水平，5.2%为不充分水平。得分最高的组成部分是HAI监测（平均：74.8）和建筑环境和设备（69.6），而表现最低的组成部分是多模式战略（43.1）和工作量和人员配备（44.7）。位于利马大都会区和卡亚俄区的医院得分始终高于该国其他地区的医院。结论：秘鲁公立医院IPC项目实施情况参差不齐，在人员配置、培训和干预策略等关键领域存在显著差距。加强IPC规划需要有针对性的资金、持续的培训和定期评估，以确保持续监测和改进。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation of Infection Prevention and Control professionals’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A global perspective 基于全球视角的新冠肺炎大流行期间感染防控专业人员经验调查

IF 2 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Infection Disease & Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2025.10.004

Matt Mason , Jocelyne M. Basseal , Roslyn Walker , Peta-Anne Zimmerman

Background

Infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals played a vital role during COVID-19, yet their experiences remain largely unexplored. Understanding these experiences is crucial for strengthening health system preparedness for future outbreaks/pandemic. This study investigates IPC professionals' preparedness, response capacity, knowledge base, and barriers/enablers during COVID-19 to inform future pandemic planning.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2024 among IPC professionals worldwide through WHO's Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network partners and professional IPC organisations. The survey was translated into five languages, comprising 30 questions that covered demographics, professional preparedness, response capacity, and pandemic experiences. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively using SPSS, while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis.

Results

Eighty-six responses from 19 countries were analysed, with participants mainly from Australia (48.8 %), Canada (17.4 %), and the United Kingdom (8.1 %). Most worked in government hospitals (54.7 %) with dedicated IPC roles (57.0 %) and over five years of experience (73.2 %). Four interconnected themes emerged: establishing IPC as vital expertise, confronting the psychological toll of IPC work, navigating shifting guidance and policy, and managing resource scarcity and workforce strain. Participants reported a lack of recognition as “front-line” staff, significant psychological burdens including post-traumatic stress, challenges with rapidly changing guidance undermining staff trust, and overwhelming workloads without additional resources.

Conclusions

IPC professionals showed remarkable dedication despite facing structural neglect and emotional difficulties. Findings highlight the urgent need to formalise IPC leadership roles within health systems, ensure proper recognition and resources, and incorporate psychosocial support measures to enhance pandemic preparedness and response capacity worldwide.

背景：感染预防和控制（IPC）专业人员在COVID-19期间发挥了至关重要的作用，但他们的经验在很大程度上仍未被探索。了解这些经验对于加强卫生系统对未来疫情/大流行的防范至关重要。本研究调查了IPC专业人员在COVID-19期间的准备、应对能力、知识库和障碍/推动因素，以便为未来的大流行规划提供信息。方法：2024年，通过世卫组织全球疫情警报和反应网络合作伙伴以及IPC专业组织，在全球IPC专业人员中进行了一项横断面在线调查。该调查被翻译成五种语言，包括30个问题，涉及人口统计、专业准备、应对能力和大流行经验。定量数据使用SPSS进行描述性分析，而定性响应进行专题分析。结果：分析了来自19个国家的86份回复，参与者主要来自澳大利亚（48.8%）、加拿大（17.4%）和英国（8.1%）。大多数在政府医院工作（54.7%），担任专门的IPC角色（57.0%），工作经验超过5年（73.2%）。出现了四个相互关联的主题：将IPC确立为重要的专业知识，应对IPC工作的心理代价，把握不断变化的指导和政策，以及管理资源短缺和劳动力紧张。参与者报告说，缺乏对“一线”工作人员的认可，严重的心理负担，包括创伤后压力，快速变化的指导破坏了员工的信任，以及没有额外资源的压倒性工作量。结论：尽管面临结构性忽视和情感困难，IPC专业人员仍表现出非凡的奉献精神。调查结果突出表明，迫切需要在卫生系统内正式确立感染预防和控制的领导作用，确保适当的认识和资源，并纳入社会心理支持措施，以加强全球大流行的防范和应对能力。

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引用次数: 0