{"title":"Apostate Nuns in the Later Middle Ages","authors":"Elizabeth M. Makowski","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvd1cb18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1cb18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48366567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
artist, Salomone regularly found himself in financial straits and political peril. Francesco Gonzaga accused him of stealing gold from the amount the marquis provided for an elaborate chain, and Mantuan Jews accused Salomone of sodomy, which led to his imprisonment and impending execution. Eleonora of Aragon ultimately intervened on her goldsmith’s behalf. In releasing him from prison, Eleonora could enrich her jewelry collection and ensure Salomone’s conversion to Christianity. From the baptismal font, Salomone the Jew became Ercole de’ Fedeli—one of the Christian faithful. In a major feat of archival sleuthing, Herzig presents a study of conversion that will interest academics and the general audience alike. Through careful analysis of contemporary letters, inventories, payment records, notarial registries, guild regulations, and chronicles in eight Italian archives, Herzig provides a documentary description of Salomone’s life and that of his family as well as the events that led to their conversion. Conversion in early modern Italy most often came at a steep cost. For example, if a Christian man decided not to marry a converted Jewess following her baptism, the neophyte would most likely face destitution. Upon conversion she could no longer receive financial support from Jewish kindred and thus would lead a life of misery. In the case of Ercole (Salomone), Herzig underscores the benefits the goldsmith received from conversion, as princely protection saved the artist’s life and livelihood. Demand for his work continued throughout much of his life, until the Italian Wars devastated the economy. The author focuses on the biographical travails of Salomone/Ercole, but his glittery objects steal the show. Conversion may have catalyzed his release from prison, but the inimitability of his art saved him from imminent death. In fact, Isabella d’Este imprisoned the goldsmith again—post conversion—to compel him to complete her bracelets. The fate of the subject (Salomone or Ercole) relied on the desire for his objects. Jean Baudrillard observes, “We have always lived off the splendor of the subject and the poverty of the object” (Fatal Strategies [1999], 111). In Herzig’s pages, the objects activate the subject to reveal their supremacy. It is through the world of the object, the commodity, the thing that we understand culture.
{"title":"Antisemitic Conspiracy Theories in the Early Modern Iberian World","authors":"F. Soyer","doi":"10.1163/9789004395602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004395602","url":null,"abstract":"artist, Salomone regularly found himself in financial straits and political peril. Francesco Gonzaga accused him of stealing gold from the amount the marquis provided for an elaborate chain, and Mantuan Jews accused Salomone of sodomy, which led to his imprisonment and impending execution. Eleonora of Aragon ultimately intervened on her goldsmith’s behalf. In releasing him from prison, Eleonora could enrich her jewelry collection and ensure Salomone’s conversion to Christianity. From the baptismal font, Salomone the Jew became Ercole de’ Fedeli—one of the Christian faithful. In a major feat of archival sleuthing, Herzig presents a study of conversion that will interest academics and the general audience alike. Through careful analysis of contemporary letters, inventories, payment records, notarial registries, guild regulations, and chronicles in eight Italian archives, Herzig provides a documentary description of Salomone’s life and that of his family as well as the events that led to their conversion. Conversion in early modern Italy most often came at a steep cost. For example, if a Christian man decided not to marry a converted Jewess following her baptism, the neophyte would most likely face destitution. Upon conversion she could no longer receive financial support from Jewish kindred and thus would lead a life of misery. In the case of Ercole (Salomone), Herzig underscores the benefits the goldsmith received from conversion, as princely protection saved the artist’s life and livelihood. Demand for his work continued throughout much of his life, until the Italian Wars devastated the economy. The author focuses on the biographical travails of Salomone/Ercole, but his glittery objects steal the show. Conversion may have catalyzed his release from prison, but the inimitability of his art saved him from imminent death. In fact, Isabella d’Este imprisoned the goldsmith again—post conversion—to compel him to complete her bracelets. The fate of the subject (Salomone or Ercole) relied on the desire for his objects. Jean Baudrillard observes, “We have always lived off the splendor of the subject and the poverty of the object” (Fatal Strategies [1999], 111). In Herzig’s pages, the objects activate the subject to reveal their supremacy. It is through the world of the object, the commodity, the thing that we understand culture.","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/9789004395602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43421909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance","authors":"M. Lubin","doi":"10.5860/choice.187425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.187425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89323763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although films based on historical events are usually criticized for their deviations from facts, this paper argues that such films can be used fruitfully in the classroom. Using the example of a course on Elizabeth I, the paper shows that films produced at different times and places can be presented and discussed in ways that demonstrate to students that interpretations of historical people and events are constantly changing and are shaped by the contexts in which they are produced. This method allows students to continue to appreciate films as art, rather than dismiss them because of their perceived historical errors, while it promotes thinking historically about evidence. While the article describes a specific class format and films about one person, it also discusses ways to adapt this model to other formats and topics.
{"title":"Teaching and Technology: Teaching Elizabeth Tudor with Movies: Film, Historical Thinking, and the Classroom","authors":"E. Carlson","doi":"10.2307/20478367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20478367","url":null,"abstract":"Although films based on historical events are usually criticized for their deviations from facts, this paper argues that such films can be used fruitfully in the classroom. Using the example of a course on Elizabeth I, the paper shows that films produced at different times and places can be presented and discussed in ways that demonstrate to students that interpretations of historical people and events are constantly changing and are shaped by the contexts in which they are produced. This method allows students to continue to appreciate films as art, rather than dismiss them because of their perceived historical errors, while it promotes thinking historically about evidence. While the article describes a specific class format and films about one person, it also discusses ways to adapt this model to other formats and topics.","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74125600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For ten years, the University of Chicago Press has been publishing the series The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe, edited by Margaret L. King and Albert Rabil Jr. This series publishes translations and editions of works written during the period 1300–1700 that in some way challenge the dominant negative view of women. Most of these texts are by women, and with forty-four works in the series by December 2006, the books have become important teaching tools for courses about women or more general courses. Later this year, the press will publish a book of essays, Teaching Other Voices: Women and Religion in Early Modern Europe, also edited by King and Rabil, designed to provide practical guidance in using the texts in the series that concern religion. This essay is one that will appear in Teaching Other Voices, and discusses strategies for teaching Marie Dentiere, an author of great interest to many readers of this journal.
{"title":"The Early Modern Teacher: Marie Dentière : An Outspoken Reformer Enters the French Literary Canon","authors":"M. Mckinley","doi":"10.2307/20477842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20477842","url":null,"abstract":"For ten years, the University of Chicago Press has been publishing the series The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe, edited by Margaret L. King and Albert Rabil Jr. This series publishes translations and editions of works written during the period 1300–1700 that in some way challenge the dominant negative view of women. Most of these texts are by women, and with forty-four works in the series by December 2006, the books have become important teaching tools for courses about women or more general courses. Later this year, the press will publish a book of essays, Teaching Other Voices: Women and Religion in Early Modern Europe, also edited by King and Rabil, designed to provide practical guidance in using the texts in the series that concern religion. This essay is one that will appear in Teaching Other Voices, and discusses strategies for teaching Marie Dentiere, an author of great interest to many readers of this journal.","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73413057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cette these entend prouver l'anteriorite et le primat de l'Ut pictura theatrum sur l'ut pictura poesis, tandis que la premiere de ces deux comparaisons a toujours ete consideree comme un phenomene secondaire, une consequence seconde de la premiere. Il s'agit de montrer la coherence et la continuite de cette comparaison durant deux siecles, depuis la renaissance italienne jusqu'a la « doctrine classique francaise », suivant une perspective a la fois theorique et historique. La comparaison entre les deux arts se fonde principalement sur une serie de topoi sans cesse commentes, tant dans les exegeses d’Aristote que dans les traites de theâtre et ceux de peinture. Cette etude procede en quatre moments, dont les trois premiers suivent la division de la rhetorique entre l'inventio, la dispositio et l'elocutio. La premiere partie concerne la definition de la mimesis comme « representation d'hommes en action », toujours evoquee a travers la metaphore du portrait. La seconde traite de l'unite de l'image (a la fois theâtrale et picturale), et montre que la regle des trois unites vient entierement des traites de la contre-reforme sur la peinture. La troisieme est consacree a l'expression, definie comme un langage figuratif donnant a chaque passion ses traits particuliers. Enfin, la derniere partie a pour theme les limites de la representation : que peuvent respectivement montrer la scene et le tableau ?
{"title":"\"Ut pictura theatrum\": Théâtre et peinture de la Renaissance italienne au classicisme français","authors":"E. Hénin","doi":"10.2307/20477526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20477526","url":null,"abstract":"Cette these entend prouver l'anteriorite et le primat de l'Ut pictura theatrum sur l'ut pictura poesis, tandis que la premiere de ces deux comparaisons a toujours ete consideree comme un phenomene secondaire, une consequence seconde de la premiere. Il s'agit de montrer la coherence et la continuite de cette comparaison durant deux siecles, depuis la renaissance italienne jusqu'a la « doctrine classique francaise », suivant une perspective a la fois theorique et historique. La comparaison entre les deux arts se fonde principalement sur une serie de topoi sans cesse commentes, tant dans les exegeses d’Aristote que dans les traites de theâtre et ceux de peinture. Cette etude procede en quatre moments, dont les trois premiers suivent la division de la rhetorique entre l'inventio, la dispositio et l'elocutio. La premiere partie concerne la definition de la mimesis comme « representation d'hommes en action », toujours evoquee a travers la metaphore du portrait. La seconde traite de l'unite de l'image (a la fois theâtrale et picturale), et montre que la regle des trois unites vient entierement des traites de la contre-reforme sur la peinture. La troisieme est consacree a l'expression, definie comme un langage figuratif donnant a chaque passion ses traits particuliers. Enfin, la derniere partie a pour theme les limites de la representation : que peuvent respectivement montrer la scene et le tableau ?","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85039134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyriac of Ancona, Later Travels","authors":"C. Joost-Gaugier","doi":"10.2307/20477542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20477542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90779616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garc, Gerard Wiegers, M. Beagles, David Z. Nirenberg, Richard L. Kagan
{"title":"A Man of Three Worlds: Samuel Pallache, a Moroccan Jew in Catholic and Protestant Europe","authors":"Garc, Gerard Wiegers, M. Beagles, David Z. Nirenberg, Richard L. Kagan","doi":"10.2307/20477545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20477545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88451010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sabbatean Prophets, by Matt Goldish. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004. 221 pp. $39.95. This work arose from a paper the author, Samuel M. and Esther Melton Associate Professor of History at Ohio State University, wrote while a student of Michael Heyd at the Hebrew University. His dissertation, reworked as Judaism in the Theology of Sir Isaac Newton (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1998), received the American Academy of Jewish Research's Salo Baron Prize. Between that work and the present monograph, Goldish has co-edited with Richard Popkin Jewish Messianism in the Early Modern World (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001), the first volume of the series Millenarianism and Messianism in Early Modern Europe, and another collection of essays, Spirit Possession in Judaism (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2001). With Daniel Frank, he is completing at present one other collection of essays, on rabbinic culture and its critics, for Wayne State. I confess to being a close friend and occasional associate of Goldish and to having essays in his edited volumes. We have a common interest in Sabbateanism, its texts and leaders in particular. In this book Goldish extends our understanding of the 17th-century messiah Shabtai Zvi and his prophet, Nathan Ashkenazi of Gaza, and some of their contemporaries, including other prophets, followers, and opponents. He does this by presenting the Sabbateans in the wider context of a mass movement incorporating Mediterranean Jewish, early modern European, and Middle Eastern cultures in a single milieu of religious enthusiasm, a universe of vibrant cross-cultural call-and-response. The work ties together two perspectives denominated by the phrase "Sabbatean prophets" that have not been previously so foregrounded in Sabbatean studies: that there were more than one important prophet associated with the Sabbatean event; and that these were "Sabbatean" prophets. The latter concept calls for a comparison of these with other prophets associated with other, contemporary, religious movements/manifestations, some of which were rather distant from this one, for example the prophets James Nayler, Isaac de La Peyrere, and Jean de Labadie; and the movements of the Quakers, the Ranters, and the French Camisards. Thus, mass, popular events both within Jewish circles, generally involving the support of important rabbis, and outside them played a more significant role than has been brought out in previous scholarship. By illuminating this context, Goldish brings previous overviews such as the nonpareil tome(s) of Gershom Scholem into relief. In the first part of the Prologue (pp. 1-6) the book stays quite close to Scholem's apprehension of the biography of Shabtai Zvi (but its conclusions are no more clinically substantiated than were Scholem's). In the last pages of the Prologue, the book begins to make its own contribution to the study of the Sabbatean event, pointing away from the biography to motives for the widespread acceptance, throughout t
马特·戈尔迪什的《安息日先知》。剑桥:哈佛大学出版社，2004年。221页，39.95美元。这项工作源于作者塞缪尔·m·梅尔顿和埃斯特·梅尔顿在俄亥俄州立大学担任历史学副教授时写的一篇论文，当时他还是希伯来大学迈克尔·海德的学生。他的论文《艾萨克·牛顿爵士神学中的犹太教》(多德雷赫特:Kluwer出版社，1998年)获得了美国犹太研究学院的萨洛·巴伦奖。在那部作品和现在的专著之间，戈尔迪什与理查德·波普金合编了《早期现代世界的犹太弥赛亚主义》(多德雷特:克鲁尔出版社，2001年)，《早期现代欧洲的千禧年主义和弥赛亚主义》系列的第一卷，以及另一部散文集《犹太教的精神占有》(底特律:韦恩州立大学出版社，2001年)。他和丹尼尔·弗兰克(Daniel Frank)正在为韦恩州立大学完成另一本关于拉比文化及其批评者的文集。我承认我是戈尔迪什的亲密朋友，偶尔也会与他交往，我在他编辑过的文集中也有随笔。我们对安息日，特别是其文本和领袖有共同的兴趣。在这本书中，戈尔迪什扩展了我们对17世纪弥赛亚沙巴泰·兹维和他的先知，加沙的内森·阿什肯纳兹，以及他们同时代的一些人，包括其他先知、追随者和反对者的理解。他把安息日放在一个更大的背景下，将地中海犹太人、早期现代欧洲人和中东文化融合在一个宗教热情的单一环境中，一个充满活力的跨文化呼唤和回应的宇宙中。这项工作将两种观点联系在一起，这两种观点以“安息日先知”一词命名，而这在以前的安息日研究中并没有如此突出:有不止一个重要的先知与安息日事件有关;他们是“安息日”先知。后一个概念要求将这些先知与其他与其他当代宗教运动/表现有关的先知进行比较，其中一些与这个相当遥远，例如先知詹姆斯·内勒，艾萨克·德·拉佩雷尔和让·德·拉巴迪;以及贵格会、咆哮会和法国卡米萨德会的运动。因此，犹太人圈子内的大众事件，通常涉及重要拉比的支持，以及他们之外的事件，比以前的学术研究中提出的更重要。通过阐明这一背景，戈尔迪什将先前的概述，如格肖姆·肖勒姆(Gershom Scholem)的非凡巨著带入了解脱。在序言的第一部分(第1-6页)，这本书与肖勒姆对沙巴泰·兹维传记的理解非常接近(但它的结论并不比肖勒姆的结论更有临床依据)。在序言的最后几页，这本书开始对安息日事件的研究做出自己的贡献，从传记中指出，在整个犹太世界，兹维的主张被广泛接受的动机。当时流行的犹太人和非犹太人对弥赛亚信仰的中心地位和维护的支持，以及对他立即出现的期望是相当强烈的。接受兹维为弥赛亚发生在犹太社区和文化中最深、最广泛、最强大的阶层，在非犹太千禧年者中并不缺乏。这本书强调了这是一场群众运动的事实，重申了广受认可的后scholem理论，即Safed学派的神秘主义教义，尤其是R. Isaac Luria和R. Hayim Vital的教义，在有争议的文学中最多只扮演了很小的角色，而加沙的Nathan对沙巴泰时代和事件的神秘解读甚至更不为人所知、理解或相关。此外，与这些人物实际教导的重要性相反，卢里亚和维塔的流行形象(在圣徒传记文学中)，以及拿单在先知角色中的地位和表现与兹维的成功高度相关，重要的拉比权威的支持也是如此。…
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{"title":"Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe","authors":"D. Collins","doi":"10.2307/20477516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20477516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45162,"journal":{"name":"SIXTEENTH CENTURY JOURNAL","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82087824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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