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Labor and informal work in North-South relations: a study on Iberian countries and Latin-America 南北关系中的劳工和非正式工作:伊比利亚国家和拉丁美洲研究
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.184177
Elísio Estanque, V. Climent
Departing from the North/South dialogue, and considering the historical relations between the Iberian countries and Latin America (LA), the aim is to analyze trends, contrasts and asymmetries in different scales. Asymmetric powers and dynamic tensions and negotiations are discussed both in the world-system scale and in the European Union context. In the light of recent transformations in international capitalism, our paper addresses, on the one hand, the phenomenon of informality/labor precariousness and, on the other, resorting to a more prospective record, diagnoses some of the recent challenges of technological innovation and digitalization. Considering an ongoing project related to these issues (Latwork), our analysis encompasses the sociological knowledge developed by diverse research teams on the labor field, namely regarding informality and technological innovation. For this purpose, we also gather quantitative data on research teams from the universities of la countries (Brazil, Argentine and Chile) using factorial analysis. The aim is to foster decent work, particularly in the Latin American countries under study, where, as we know, the scourge of informality and vulnerability of the working classes is a structural feature that remains from colonial heritage till the early peripheral industrialization. Thus, the spirit of our study lies in the effort to understand the changes taking place in the field of labor relations at a time when global capitalism is at a crossroads in the face of the brutal impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic.
从南北对话出发,考虑伊比利亚国家与拉丁美洲(LA)之间的历史关系,目的是分析不同规模的趋势、对比和不对称。不对称的权力和动态的紧张局势以及谈判都是在世界体系规模和欧盟背景下讨论的。鉴于国际资本主义最近的变革,我们的论文一方面解决了非正规性/劳动不稳定的现象,另一方面,通过更前瞻性的记录,诊断了技术创新和数字化最近的一些挑战。考虑到与这些问题相关的一个正在进行的项目(Latwork),我们的分析涵盖了不同研究团队在劳动力领域开发的社会学知识,即关于非正规性和技术创新的知识。为此,我们还使用因子分析收集了la国家(巴西、阿根廷和智利)大学研究团队的定量数据。其目的是促进体面工作,特别是在研究中的拉丁美洲国家,正如我们所知,在这些国家,工人阶级的非正规性和脆弱性是一个结构性特征,从殖民地遗产到早期外围工业化都是如此。因此,我们的研究精神在于努力理解在全球资本主义面临新冠肺炎疫情残酷影响的十字路口之际,劳资关系领域正在发生的变化。
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引用次数: 0
O método (auto)biográfico: a perspectiva de um pioneiro: entrevista com Jean Peneff (自动)传记法:先驱者的视角:对Jean Peneff的采访
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.181439
Christophe Brochier, L. R. Costa
Jean Peneff, nascido em 1939, foi sucessivamente professor de sociologia em Argel, Nantes e Aix-en-Provence. É conhecido por ter sido um teórico e praticante do método biográfico, mas também da observação participante, método que ajudou a popularizar nos anos 1990 entre os sociólogos franceses. Seus livros mais conhecidos se referem à medicina, de que ele foi um dos especialistas mais frequentemente citados na França. Nesta entrevista, realizada nos dias 20 e 30 de novembro de 2020, ele faz um retrospecto de toda a sua trajetória e insiste nas relações entre a vida pessoal e o trabalho sociológico.
Jean Peneff出生于1939年,曾在阿尔及尔、南特和普罗旺斯艾克斯担任社会学教授。他是著名的传记方法的理论家和实践者,也是参与观察方法的实践者,这种方法在20世纪90年代帮助在法国社会学家中普及。他最著名的作品是他的第一部小说《我的孩子们》。在2020年11月20日和30日进行的采访中,他回顾了自己的整个职业生涯,并强调了个人生活和社会学工作之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The globalization of Just Transition in the world of labour: politics of scale and scope 劳动世界中公正转型的全球化:规模和范围的政治
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.182883
Dimitris Stevis
Just Transition has become the major expression of labour environmentalism at the global level and global union organizations have played a central role. My goal in this article is to provide an analytically informed account of this trajectory. The first part of this contribution, therefore, clarifies the analytical scheme. In the second and main part I will use this analytical scheme to trace the role of global unions in the globalization of just transition within global labour. In particular I will argue that the globalization of just transition within the world of labour remains a work in progress while it reflects both North-South and sectoral dynamics. I close by commenting on the causes behind these findings and the prospects and challenges of broadening just transition.
公正转型已成为全球劳工环保主义的主要表现形式,全球工会组织发挥了核心作用。我在这篇文章中的目标是提供对这一轨迹的分析性解释。因此,本文的第一部分阐明了分析方案。在第二部分和主要部分,我将使用这一分析方案来追踪全球工会在全球劳动力转型全球化中的作用。我特别要指出的是,劳动力世界内公正过渡的全球化仍然是一项正在进行的工作,同时它反映了南北和部门的动态。最后,我要谈谈这些发现背后的原因以及扩大公正过渡的前景和挑战。
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引用次数: 4
Labour and globalisation: complexity and transformation 劳工与全球化:复杂性与转型
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.185370
R. Munck
As a matter of balance of the contributions joined in the Dossier, this final word draws a comprehensive picture of the issues discussed by the authors and raises some questions pointing to a possible agenda for current labor studies. First, it sparks reflections going in the sense of discussing the actual meaning of what is to be considered either “normal” or “healthy” after Covid-19 crisis. Then it addresses such discussion to the world of work with interesting consequences, asking what is actually “normal” in labor relations. In the same vein, it reminds us the role of the so-called “essential workers” during the sanitary crisis: a lot of invisible realities which are now becoming visible. On the other side, the author call attention to imminent economic crisis, affecting jobs and companies. Similarly, he warns about the worsening of the working conditions under a post-Covid world: no “return to normal” is envisioned without shaking important structures of the already-known world. One of those pillars is the North-South divide: according to the author, that divide is loosing because the neat two-worlds mapping is blurred today – we find informality on both “worlds”, as well as either digital economy and inequalites are present North and South, so clear-cut differences may tend to disappear. The author finally proceeds to make a short comment about every of the contributions to the dossier, pointing out what is crucial and distinctive in each of them.
为了平衡档案中的贡献,最后一句话对作者讨论的问题进行了全面的描述,并提出了一些问题,指出了当前劳工研究的可能议程。首先,它引发了思考,即讨论新冠肺炎危机后“正常”或“健康”的实际含义。然后,它将这种讨论带到了工作世界,并产生了有趣的后果,询问劳动关系中什么才是真正的“正常”。同样,它提醒我们所谓的“必要工人”在卫生危机中的作用:许多看不见的现实现在变得显而易见。另一方面,作者呼吁人们关注迫在眉睫的经济危机,影响到就业和企业。同样,他对新冠疫情后世界的工作条件恶化发出警告:如果不动摇已知世界的重要结构,就无法“恢复正常”。其中一个支柱是南北差距:根据作者的说法,这种差距正在缩小,因为今天两个世界的清晰地图已经模糊了——我们在两个“世界”上都发现了非正规性,而且数字经济和不平等现象都存在于南北之间,因此明显的差异可能会消失。作者最后对档案中的每一项贡献都做了简短的评论,指出了其中的关键和独特之处。
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引用次数: 1
As mulheres na Economia Social: no centro da ação, longe da decisão 社会经济中的妇女:处于行动的中心,远离决策
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.178980
Alcides A. Monteiro
Com este texto, pretende-se alertar para a persistente desproporção entre homens e mulheres nos cargos de liderança das entidades da Economia Social. Para o efeito, observa-se a realidade portuguesa sobre a qual, pela primeira vez, estão disponíveis dados atualizados e a nível nacional, recolhidos pelo INE – Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Refletindo sobre as causas que lhe subjazem, propomo-nos ainda abordar as vias para ultrapassar a segregação de gênero. Neste ponto, partimos de uma constatação importante, a de que existe no seio das mencionadas organizações um bloqueio à mudança decorrente da invisibilidade das questões de gênero e de uma negação do problema, para advogar que uma parte da dinâmica de mudança em favor da igualdade de poder exige atuação interna, ao nível da consciencialização, do empoderamento e de uma abordagem transformadora.
这篇文章的目的是警告在社会经济实体的领导职位上男女之间持续存在的不平衡。为此目的,我们观察到葡萄牙的实际情况,这是第一次获得由国家统计研究所(INE)收集的最新和国家一级的数据。通过反思其根本原因,我们还建议解决克服性别隔离的方法。在这一点上,我们的一个主要方面,在当今组织一场的变化——潜在的性别问题和问题,认为动态变化的一部分来换取平等的内部动力,性能需要的意识层面上的强大和处理方法。
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引用次数: 0
O fim da velha divisão? Público e privado na era da internet 旧组织的终结?互联网时代的公共和私人
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.176201
L. Miguel, Adriana Veloso Meireles
A emergência da internet impôs desafios à distinção público/privado – que é estruturadora de muitos modelos que pensam o mundo social, de instituições e de normas jurídicas. (1) A homologia entre localização espacial e acesso a uma ou outra esfera é cada vez menos sustentável. (2) Há uma transição sem solução de continuidade da comunicação privada para a exposição pública. (3) A exposição pública perde seu contexto, já que pode ser reprodutível para qualquer outra audiência. (4) A privacidade fica em suspenso diante da vigilância sobre as trocas comunicativas on-line, incluindo aquelas que seriam privativas. O artigo analisa os efeitos da disparidade entre os pressupostos da normatização jurídica vigente e a experiência socialmente estruturada.
互联网的出现对公共/私人区分提出了挑战,这种区分构成了许多思考社会世界、制度和法律规范的模式。(1)空间位置和进入一个或另一个领域之间的同源性越来越不可持续。(2)从私人交流到公开展示,存在着不间断的过渡。(3)公开展示失去了它的背景,因为它可以被任何其他观众复制。(4)在监控在线交流交流(包括私人交流)之前,隐私处于暂停状态。本文分析了现行法律规范假设与社会结构经验之间的差异所产生的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Platform workers in Latin America: transnational logics and regional resistances? 拉丁美洲平台工人:跨国逻辑与区域抵抗?
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.181565
Pablo Miguez, Nicolas Diana Menendez
The platforms boom in Latin America is at the current core of the industrial and retail sectors. Platform workers (i.e., drivers, motorcyclists and bikers) started organizing along different repertoires taken from other countries thanks to the global character of productive processes and the weight of migrant labor in services, such as mail, post services, and mobility of people. From a qualitative approach, this article proposes an overview of main organizing experiences and burgeoning struggles in this new context aggravated by the intensification of such platforms within the Covid-19 crisis.
拉丁美洲的平台繁荣是目前工业和零售业的核心。平台工人(即司机、摩托车手和骑自行车的人)开始按照从其他国家获得的不同曲目进行组织,这要归功于生产过程的全球性质以及移民劳动力在服务中的比重,如邮件、邮政服务和人员流动。本文从定性的方法出发,概述了在新冠肺炎危机中,由于此类平台的强化而加剧的新背景下,主要的组织经验和蓬勃发展的斗争。
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引用次数: 3
Two forms of transnational organizing: Mapping the strategies of Global Union Federations 跨国组织的两种形式:全球联盟联盟的战略规划
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.185622
S. Schmalz, Teresa Conrow, Dina Feller, Maurício Rombaldi
It has become a commonplace belief among academics and trade union officials that globalization has weakened trade unions. However, the expansion of global capital has also led to a rise of transnational labor organizing. Since the 2000s, Global Union Federations have developed different strategies to tackle the challenges of globalization. In this article, we analyze two such forms of transnational organizing: A network-based and an event-based form of organizing. While the network-based approach brings together unions from different countries in a company or industry-wide cross-border network, the event-based strategy is built on the engagement of the GUFs at large international events to wage local struggles with a lasting impact on labor relations. By drawing on a power resource approach and labor geography and by using empirical data from two case studies, the Building and Woodworkers International’s Fifa World Cup campaign of 2014 and the International Transport Workers Union’s Latam Union network, we demonstrate how GUFs are using different pathways of transnational activism to link the global with the local and why local trade union action is crucial for success in transnational organizing.
学术界和工会官员普遍认为,全球化削弱了工会。然而,全球资本的扩张也导致了跨国劳工组织的兴起。自2000年代以来,全球工会联合会制定了不同的战略来应对全球化的挑战。在本文中,我们分析了两种跨国组织形式:基于网络的组织形式和基于事件的组织形式。虽然基于网络的方法将来自不同国家的工会聚集在一个公司或全行业的跨境网络中,但基于事件的战略建立在GUF参与大型国际活动的基础上,以在当地进行斗争,并对劳资关系产生持久影响。通过借鉴电力资源方法和劳动力地理,并使用两个案例研究的经验数据,即建筑和木工国际2014年国际足联世界杯运动和国际运输工人联盟的拉塔姆联盟网络,我们展示了GUF如何利用不同的跨国行动方式将全球与地方联系起来,以及为什么地方工会行动对跨国组织的成功至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
Conditionality and trade union action in the promotion and defence of workers’ rights: the Spanish case 促进和捍卫工人权利的条件性和工会行动:西班牙案例
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.182990
Fernando Elorza Guerrero, Manuel García Muñoz
Conditionality, among other aspects, determines that the regulatory development of the countries that make up the European Union can be carried out, as is usual in the social sphere, without the intervention, or at least minimally, of the workers’ representatives and entrepreneurs, and also from other political formations in the legislative field. Logically, this absence of social or political participation can promote response actions against them, either traditional (strikes, demonstrations, withdrawal of parliamentary support in adoption of legislative measures etc.), or new types (spontaneous concentrations in public places, general assemblies of citizens without a defined convener, appearance of social and political formations of less visible typology, or other similar ones). The financial crisis unleashed at the end of 2007 and the one derived from the health emergency situation due to the global spread of Covid-19, at the beginning of 2020, have precisely encouraged the use of conditionality in the European Union space. However, the way in which conditionality has been developed in one and another crisis in the Spanish State can be said that it has not been identical. Neither have been the reactions of social and political subjects, because if in the first crisis these subjects have experienced a reduction in their functions of participation or intervention in legislative action and in the proposal of political actions, in the second the possibilities of action have been much more significant, and also their contribution to efforts to overcome the crisis situation.
除其他方面外,条件性决定了组成欧洲联盟的国家的监管发展可以像在社会领域通常的那样,在没有工人代表和企业家以及立法领域其他政治组织的干预或至少最低限度的干预的情况下进行。从逻辑上讲,这种缺乏社会或政治参与的情况可能会促进针对他们的应对行动,无论是传统的(罢工、示威、撤回议会对通过立法措施的支持等),或新的类型(自发集中在公共场所,没有明确召集人的公民大会,不太明显的社会和政治形态的出现,或其他类似的)。2007年底爆发的金融危机和2020年初新冠肺炎在全球蔓延导致的卫生紧急情况引发的金融危机,恰恰鼓励了在欧洲联盟空间使用附加条件。然而,在西班牙国家的一次又一次危机中,附加条件的制定方式可以说并不完全相同。社会和政治主体的反应也不一样,因为如果在第一次危机中,这些主体参与或干预立法行动和政治行动提案的职能有所减少,那么在第二次危机中采取行动的可能性就大得多,以及他们对克服危机局势的努力所作的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Para “descolonizar” o comum: um ensaio crítico sobre a obra de Dardot e Laval 去“非殖民化”普通:一篇关于达多和拉瓦尔工作的批判性文章
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.176239
R. Silva
A obra de Dardot e Laval sobre o comum ainda não foi submetida ao crivo da crítica da colonialidade. Diante dessa lacuna, exploram-se, neste artigo, as potencialidades “decoloniais” dessa obra – localizando-as em sua concepção construtivista do comum –, bem como suas armadilhas “coloniais” – relacionadas com os limites eurocêntricos de sua arqueologia do comum, a subestimação da heterogeneidade das relações de poder e a dificuldade de facear os limites da “língua política” autorizada pelas instituições moderno-ocidentais. Conclui-se com um convite à expansão do imaginário político do comum a partir do repertório de experiências sociais não ocidentais/ não imperiais, sob o imperativo da norma da inapropriabilidade epistêmica ou cosmopolítica.
Dardot和Laval关于共同点的工作尚未受到殖民主义的审查。面对这一差距,本文探讨了这项工作的“非殖民化”潜力——将其定位于其建构主义的共同概念中——以及其“殖民”陷阱——与其共同考古学的欧洲中心局限性有关,对权力关系异质性的低估,以及难以面对现代西方制度授权的“政治语言”的局限。最后,它邀请在认识论或世界政治不适用性规范的要求下,从非西方/非帝国的社会经验中扩展共同的政治想象。
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引用次数: 0
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Tempo Social
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