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O método (auto)biográfico: a perspectiva de um pioneiro: entrevista com Jean Peneff (自动)传记法:先驱者的视角:对Jean Peneff的采访
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.181439
Christophe Brochier, L. R. Costa
Jean Peneff, nascido em 1939, foi sucessivamente professor de sociologia em Argel, Nantes e Aix-en-Provence. É conhecido por ter sido um teórico e praticante do método biográfico, mas também da observação participante, método que ajudou a popularizar nos anos 1990 entre os sociólogos franceses. Seus livros mais conhecidos se referem à medicina, de que ele foi um dos especialistas mais frequentemente citados na França. Nesta entrevista, realizada nos dias 20 e 30 de novembro de 2020, ele faz um retrospecto de toda a sua trajetória e insiste nas relações entre a vida pessoal e o trabalho sociológico.
Jean Peneff出生于1939年,曾在阿尔及尔、南特和普罗旺斯艾克斯担任社会学教授。他是著名的传记方法的理论家和实践者,也是参与观察方法的实践者,这种方法在20世纪90年代帮助在法国社会学家中普及。他最著名的作品是他的第一部小说《我的孩子们》。在2020年11月20日和30日进行的采访中,他回顾了自己的整个职业生涯,并强调了个人生活和社会学工作之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Labour and globalisation: complexity and transformation 劳工与全球化:复杂性与转型
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.185370
R. Munck
As a matter of balance of the contributions joined in the Dossier, this final word draws a comprehensive picture of the issues discussed by the authors and raises some questions pointing to a possible agenda for current labor studies. First, it sparks reflections going in the sense of discussing the actual meaning of what is to be considered either “normal” or “healthy” after Covid-19 crisis. Then it addresses such discussion to the world of work with interesting consequences, asking what is actually “normal” in labor relations. In the same vein, it reminds us the role of the so-called “essential workers” during the sanitary crisis: a lot of invisible realities which are now becoming visible. On the other side, the author call attention to imminent economic crisis, affecting jobs and companies. Similarly, he warns about the worsening of the working conditions under a post-Covid world: no “return to normal” is envisioned without shaking important structures of the already-known world. One of those pillars is the North-South divide: according to the author, that divide is loosing because the neat two-worlds mapping is blurred today – we find informality on both “worlds”, as well as either digital economy and inequalites are present North and South, so clear-cut differences may tend to disappear. The author finally proceeds to make a short comment about every of the contributions to the dossier, pointing out what is crucial and distinctive in each of them.
为了平衡档案中的贡献,最后一句话对作者讨论的问题进行了全面的描述,并提出了一些问题,指出了当前劳工研究的可能议程。首先,它引发了思考,即讨论新冠肺炎危机后“正常”或“健康”的实际含义。然后,它将这种讨论带到了工作世界,并产生了有趣的后果,询问劳动关系中什么才是真正的“正常”。同样,它提醒我们所谓的“必要工人”在卫生危机中的作用:许多看不见的现实现在变得显而易见。另一方面,作者呼吁人们关注迫在眉睫的经济危机,影响到就业和企业。同样,他对新冠疫情后世界的工作条件恶化发出警告:如果不动摇已知世界的重要结构,就无法“恢复正常”。其中一个支柱是南北差距:根据作者的说法,这种差距正在缩小,因为今天两个世界的清晰地图已经模糊了——我们在两个“世界”上都发现了非正规性,而且数字经济和不平等现象都存在于南北之间,因此明显的差异可能会消失。作者最后对档案中的每一项贡献都做了简短的评论,指出了其中的关键和独特之处。
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引用次数: 1
As mulheres na Economia Social: no centro da ação, longe da decisão 社会经济中的妇女:处于行动的中心,远离决策
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.178980
Alcides A. Monteiro
Com este texto, pretende-se alertar para a persistente desproporção entre homens e mulheres nos cargos de liderança das entidades da Economia Social. Para o efeito, observa-se a realidade portuguesa sobre a qual, pela primeira vez, estão disponíveis dados atualizados e a nível nacional, recolhidos pelo INE – Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Refletindo sobre as causas que lhe subjazem, propomo-nos ainda abordar as vias para ultrapassar a segregação de gênero. Neste ponto, partimos de uma constatação importante, a de que existe no seio das mencionadas organizações um bloqueio à mudança decorrente da invisibilidade das questões de gênero e de uma negação do problema, para advogar que uma parte da dinâmica de mudança em favor da igualdade de poder exige atuação interna, ao nível da consciencialização, do empoderamento e de uma abordagem transformadora.
这篇文章的目的是警告在社会经济实体的领导职位上男女之间持续存在的不平衡。为此目的,我们观察到葡萄牙的实际情况,这是第一次获得由国家统计研究所(INE)收集的最新和国家一级的数据。通过反思其根本原因,我们还建议解决克服性别隔离的方法。在这一点上,我们的一个主要方面,在当今组织一场的变化——潜在的性别问题和问题,认为动态变化的一部分来换取平等的内部动力,性能需要的意识层面上的强大和处理方法。
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引用次数: 0
O fim da velha divisão? Público e privado na era da internet 旧组织的终结?互联网时代的公共和私人
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.176201
L. Miguel, Adriana Veloso Meireles
A emergência da internet impôs desafios à distinção público/privado – que é estruturadora de muitos modelos que pensam o mundo social, de instituições e de normas jurídicas. (1) A homologia entre localização espacial e acesso a uma ou outra esfera é cada vez menos sustentável. (2) Há uma transição sem solução de continuidade da comunicação privada para a exposição pública. (3) A exposição pública perde seu contexto, já que pode ser reprodutível para qualquer outra audiência. (4) A privacidade fica em suspenso diante da vigilância sobre as trocas comunicativas on-line, incluindo aquelas que seriam privativas. O artigo analisa os efeitos da disparidade entre os pressupostos da normatização jurídica vigente e a experiência socialmente estruturada.
互联网的出现对公共/私人区分提出了挑战,这种区分构成了许多思考社会世界、制度和法律规范的模式。(1)空间位置和进入一个或另一个领域之间的同源性越来越不可持续。(2)从私人交流到公开展示,存在着不间断的过渡。(3)公开展示失去了它的背景,因为它可以被任何其他观众复制。(4)在监控在线交流交流(包括私人交流)之前,隐私处于暂停状态。本文分析了现行法律规范假设与社会结构经验之间的差异所产生的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Conditionality and trade union action in the promotion and defence of workers’ rights: the Spanish case 促进和捍卫工人权利的条件性和工会行动:西班牙案例
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.182990
Fernando Elorza Guerrero, Manuel García Muñoz
Conditionality, among other aspects, determines that the regulatory development of the countries that make up the European Union can be carried out, as is usual in the social sphere, without the intervention, or at least minimally, of the workers’ representatives and entrepreneurs, and also from other political formations in the legislative field. Logically, this absence of social or political participation can promote response actions against them, either traditional (strikes, demonstrations, withdrawal of parliamentary support in adoption of legislative measures etc.), or new types (spontaneous concentrations in public places, general assemblies of citizens without a defined convener, appearance of social and political formations of less visible typology, or other similar ones). The financial crisis unleashed at the end of 2007 and the one derived from the health emergency situation due to the global spread of Covid-19, at the beginning of 2020, have precisely encouraged the use of conditionality in the European Union space. However, the way in which conditionality has been developed in one and another crisis in the Spanish State can be said that it has not been identical. Neither have been the reactions of social and political subjects, because if in the first crisis these subjects have experienced a reduction in their functions of participation or intervention in legislative action and in the proposal of political actions, in the second the possibilities of action have been much more significant, and also their contribution to efforts to overcome the crisis situation.
除其他方面外,条件性决定了组成欧洲联盟的国家的监管发展可以像在社会领域通常的那样,在没有工人代表和企业家以及立法领域其他政治组织的干预或至少最低限度的干预的情况下进行。从逻辑上讲,这种缺乏社会或政治参与的情况可能会促进针对他们的应对行动,无论是传统的(罢工、示威、撤回议会对通过立法措施的支持等),或新的类型(自发集中在公共场所,没有明确召集人的公民大会,不太明显的社会和政治形态的出现,或其他类似的)。2007年底爆发的金融危机和2020年初新冠肺炎在全球蔓延导致的卫生紧急情况引发的金融危机,恰恰鼓励了在欧洲联盟空间使用附加条件。然而,在西班牙国家的一次又一次危机中,附加条件的制定方式可以说并不完全相同。社会和政治主体的反应也不一样,因为如果在第一次危机中,这些主体参与或干预立法行动和政治行动提案的职能有所减少,那么在第二次危机中采取行动的可能性就大得多,以及他们对克服危机局势的努力所作的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Platform workers in Latin America: transnational logics and regional resistances? 拉丁美洲平台工人:跨国逻辑与区域抵抗?
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.181565
Pablo Miguez, Nicolas Diana Menendez
The platforms boom in Latin America is at the current core of the industrial and retail sectors. Platform workers (i.e., drivers, motorcyclists and bikers) started organizing along different repertoires taken from other countries thanks to the global character of productive processes and the weight of migrant labor in services, such as mail, post services, and mobility of people. From a qualitative approach, this article proposes an overview of main organizing experiences and burgeoning struggles in this new context aggravated by the intensification of such platforms within the Covid-19 crisis.
拉丁美洲的平台繁荣是目前工业和零售业的核心。平台工人(即司机、摩托车手和骑自行车的人)开始按照从其他国家获得的不同曲目进行组织,这要归功于生产过程的全球性质以及移民劳动力在服务中的比重,如邮件、邮政服务和人员流动。本文从定性的方法出发,概述了在新冠肺炎危机中,由于此类平台的强化而加剧的新背景下,主要的组织经验和蓬勃发展的斗争。
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引用次数: 3
Two forms of transnational organizing: Mapping the strategies of Global Union Federations 跨国组织的两种形式:全球联盟联盟的战略规划
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.185622
S. Schmalz, Teresa Conrow, Dina Feller, Maurício Rombaldi
It has become a commonplace belief among academics and trade union officials that globalization has weakened trade unions. However, the expansion of global capital has also led to a rise of transnational labor organizing. Since the 2000s, Global Union Federations have developed different strategies to tackle the challenges of globalization. In this article, we analyze two such forms of transnational organizing: A network-based and an event-based form of organizing. While the network-based approach brings together unions from different countries in a company or industry-wide cross-border network, the event-based strategy is built on the engagement of the GUFs at large international events to wage local struggles with a lasting impact on labor relations. By drawing on a power resource approach and labor geography and by using empirical data from two case studies, the Building and Woodworkers International’s Fifa World Cup campaign of 2014 and the International Transport Workers Union’s Latam Union network, we demonstrate how GUFs are using different pathways of transnational activism to link the global with the local and why local trade union action is crucial for success in transnational organizing.
学术界和工会官员普遍认为,全球化削弱了工会。然而,全球资本的扩张也导致了跨国劳工组织的兴起。自2000年代以来,全球工会联合会制定了不同的战略来应对全球化的挑战。在本文中,我们分析了两种跨国组织形式:基于网络的组织形式和基于事件的组织形式。虽然基于网络的方法将来自不同国家的工会聚集在一个公司或全行业的跨境网络中,但基于事件的战略建立在GUF参与大型国际活动的基础上,以在当地进行斗争,并对劳资关系产生持久影响。通过借鉴电力资源方法和劳动力地理,并使用两个案例研究的经验数据,即建筑和木工国际2014年国际足联世界杯运动和国际运输工人联盟的拉塔姆联盟网络,我们展示了GUF如何利用不同的跨国行动方式将全球与地方联系起来,以及为什么地方工会行动对跨国组织的成功至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
Para “descolonizar” o comum: um ensaio crítico sobre a obra de Dardot e Laval 去“非殖民化”普通:一篇关于达多和拉瓦尔工作的批判性文章
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.176239
R. Silva
A obra de Dardot e Laval sobre o comum ainda não foi submetida ao crivo da crítica da colonialidade. Diante dessa lacuna, exploram-se, neste artigo, as potencialidades “decoloniais” dessa obra – localizando-as em sua concepção construtivista do comum –, bem como suas armadilhas “coloniais” – relacionadas com os limites eurocêntricos de sua arqueologia do comum, a subestimação da heterogeneidade das relações de poder e a dificuldade de facear os limites da “língua política” autorizada pelas instituições moderno-ocidentais. Conclui-se com um convite à expansão do imaginário político do comum a partir do repertório de experiências sociais não ocidentais/ não imperiais, sob o imperativo da norma da inapropriabilidade epistêmica ou cosmopolítica.
Dardot和Laval关于共同点的工作尚未受到殖民主义的审查。面对这一差距,本文探讨了这项工作的“非殖民化”潜力——将其定位于其建构主义的共同概念中——以及其“殖民”陷阱——与其共同考古学的欧洲中心局限性有关,对权力关系异质性的低估,以及难以面对现代西方制度授权的“政治语言”的局限。最后,它邀请在认识论或世界政治不适用性规范的要求下,从非西方/非帝国的社会经验中扩展共同的政治想象。
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引用次数: 0
Digital communication as a global challenge for trade unions: lessons from Brazil and Portugal 数字通信是工会面临的全球性挑战:来自巴西和葡萄牙的教训
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.182000
Hermes Augusto Costa, Bia Carneiro
As a cross-cutting issue encompassing all of society, the evolution of digital technologies is particularly challenging to traditional labour actors that are accustomed to physical work and face-to-face contact. This article discusses the distinctive possibilities of social media use as a forward-thinking global strategy for organised labour. After an initial clarification of useful concepts to consider in the digital age, we focus on the social media presence of trade unions, identifying the pros and cons associated with platform-based communication. Finally, the article debates the implications of social media platforms as tools to strengthen networks with nonunion actors and contribute to the amplification of the labour agenda. Through a comparative analysis of four trade union confederations, two from Brazil and two from Portugal, we argue that, despite the possibilities for outreach and interaction enabled by the new communication and information technologies, trade union confederations maintain constricted networks and an outdated top-down communications model.
作为一个涵盖整个社会的跨领域问题,数字技术的发展对习惯于体力劳动和面对面接触的传统劳动力来说尤其具有挑战性。本文讨论了将社交媒体作为有组织劳工的前瞻性全球战略的独特可能性。在初步澄清了数字时代需要考虑的有用概念后,我们将重点关注工会在社交媒体上的存在,确定与基于平台的沟通相关的利弊。最后,文章讨论了社交媒体平台作为加强与非工会行为者的网络并有助于扩大劳工议程的工具的影响。通过对四个工会联合会(两个来自巴西,两个来自葡萄牙)的比较分析,我们认为,尽管新的通信和信息技术使外联和互动成为可能,但工会联合会仍然保持着有限的网络和过时的自上而下的通信模式。
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引用次数: 0
Building a regional solidarity network of transnational activists: An African case study 建立跨国活动家区域团结网络:非洲案例研究
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.181999
W. McGregor, E. Webster
Drawing on a network of transnational activists, this paper argues that a new type of regional network internationalism has emerged in Sub-Saharan Africa. Initiated by the Global Labour University (GLU), through a short two-month residential course called Engage, it has been able over the last seven years to develop the skills for a new type of union organiser, one who understands the global context, but is rooted in their local community. This network works at forging links of solidarity across national borders and regional frontiers. Their solidarity work aims at sharing knowledge and experience between activists and worker organisations and the development of meetings and campaigns to strategize and put into action these new forms of transnational solidarity.
本文借鉴跨国活动家的网络,认为撒哈拉以南非洲出现了一种新型的区域网络国际主义。由全球劳工大学(GLU)发起,通过一项名为Engage的为期两个月的短期住宿课程,在过去七年中,它已经能够为一种新型的工会组织者培养技能,一种了解全球环境但植根于当地社区的人。该网络致力于建立跨越国界和区域边界的团结联系。他们的团结工作旨在活动家和工人组织之间分享知识和经验,并发展会议和运动,制定战略并将这些新形式的跨国团结付诸行动。
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引用次数: 0
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Tempo Social
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