T. Sell, Björn Braunschweig, Annedore Bergfeld, S. Henn
The development of residential areas in the context of settlement development is a significant driver regarding land use and thus critical in achieving the goal of reduced new land use to less than 30 hectares per day by 2030. Although spatial planning and spatial science have been addressing this issue for years, e.g. through consistent land management, the current land use in Germany amounts to around 52 hectares per day (as of 2019). This is i.a. because the control of settlement development often only intervenes in developments that go beyond the own communal development. Approaches to controlling self-development usually remain on a blanket level and thus promote decentralized decisions that, in total, contradict the set goals. The aim of this paper is to present a model for calculating self-development, which not only takes demographic development into account, but also aligns the size of self-development with site-specific requirements to consider the principles of spatial planning and thus promote sustainable spatial development. In its empirical basis, the paper is based on statistical analyses of the respective needs as well as surveys, interviews research results that have been carried out or have arisen within the framework of the BMBFfunded project Interko2.
{"title":"Bestandsaufnahme und alternative Konzeption der kommunalen Eigenentwicklung zur flächeneffizienten Steuerung der Siedlungsentwicklung. Das Beispiel der Region Halle-Leipzig","authors":"T. Sell, Björn Braunschweig, Annedore Bergfeld, S. Henn","doi":"10.14512/rur.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.176","url":null,"abstract":"The development of residential areas in the context of settlement development is a significant driver regarding land use and thus critical in achieving the goal of reduced new land use to less than 30 hectares per day by 2030. Although spatial planning and spatial science have been addressing this issue for years, e.g. through consistent land management, the current land use in Germany amounts to around 52 hectares per day (as of 2019). This is i.a. because the control of settlement development often only intervenes in developments that go beyond the own communal development. Approaches to controlling self-development usually remain on a blanket level and thus promote decentralized decisions that, in total, contradict the set goals. The aim of this paper is to present a model for calculating self-development, which not only takes demographic development into account, but also aligns the size of self-development with site-specific requirements to consider the principles of spatial planning and thus promote sustainable spatial development. In its empirical basis, the paper is based on statistical analyses of the respective needs as well as surveys, interviews research results that have been carried out or have arisen within the framework of the BMBFfunded project Interko2.","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metropolitan regions result from spatial rescaling processes and region formations and are considered as “soft spaces of governance”, referring to international debates on the “new regionalism”. This paper addresses the criticism that the focus on competitive metropolitan regions distracts from the need for action on classic spatial planning issues. For this, the paper examines and discusses the institutional integration of regional planning in the German metropolitan regions and the activities of regional growth management as well as the regulatory intensity of regional plans based on a group comparison of metropolitan regions. As a result, the thesis of an institutionally fragmented regulatory growth management by regional planning can only be confirmed for a few metropolitan regions, where no relevant institutions and instruments are implemented in the core area. Regarding the “soft” instruments of growth management, the situation is very different. Here, the action potential is not yet fully utilized, even in metropolitan regions with strong institutional cores
{"title":"Regionales Flächenmanagement in den deutschen Metropolregionen","authors":"S. Eichhorn, C. Diller, David Pehlke","doi":"10.14512/rur.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.138","url":null,"abstract":"Metropolitan regions result from spatial rescaling processes and region formations and are considered as “soft spaces of governance”, referring to international debates on the “new regionalism”. This paper addresses the criticism that the focus on competitive metropolitan regions distracts from the need for action on classic spatial planning issues. For this, the paper examines and discusses the institutional integration of regional planning in the German metropolitan regions and the activities of regional growth management as well as the regulatory intensity of regional plans based on a group comparison of metropolitan regions. As a result, the thesis of an institutionally fragmented regulatory growth management by regional planning can only be confirmed for a few metropolitan regions, where no relevant institutions and instruments are implemented in the core area. Regarding the “soft” instruments of growth management, the situation is very different. Here, the action potential is not yet fully utilized, even in metropolitan regions with strong institutional cores","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41283471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on a developed life and adaption-cycle model of regional cooperations, the development of three German rural regions is examined (Altmark, Kiel, Kronach). The interaction of external and internal influencing factors explains the quite different development patterns of the three regions. As amain finding can be formulated that in the development of regional cooperation neither a general tendency towards stable structures nor towards stable spatial structures can be asserted. Rather regional cooperation structures can be eroded even after a longer period of stability, as well despite continuous support of the state. Variable spatial shapes of regional cooperations can be handled in a productive way particularly if the institutional, political and administrative structures of the base unit county are stable.
{"title":"Drei regionale Kooperationen im Langzeit-Lebens- und Adaptionszyklus: empirische Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung eines Modells","authors":"C. Diller, Guido Nischwitz","doi":"10.14512/rur.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.130","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a developed life and adaption-cycle model of regional cooperations, the development of three German rural regions is examined (Altmark, Kiel, Kronach). The interaction of external and internal influencing factors explains the quite different development patterns of the three regions. As amain finding can be formulated that in the development of regional cooperation neither a general tendency towards stable structures nor towards stable spatial structures can be asserted. Rather regional cooperation structures can be eroded even after a longer period of stability, as well despite continuous support of the state. Variable spatial shapes of regional cooperations can be handled in a productive way particularly if the institutional, political and administrative structures of the base unit county are stable.","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43085688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is based on an investigation of the impact of taking up a work-related multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement based on quantitative and qualitative data using a methodological triangulation. Following theoretical considerations based on the civic voluntarismmodel, the resources-centered model, and the “commuter’s strain hypothesis”, a negative influence of the multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement is expected. Periodic presence and absence at the place of origin and destination, as well as associated reduced time and psychological resources, are hypothesized to be the central theoretical mechanisms of influence explaining the negative relationship. The quantitative investigation is based on fixedeffects panel regressions applied to longitudinal data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The qualitative investigation is based on problem-centred, guided interviews conducted in a case study analysis in the rural district of Diepholz in Lower Saxony, Germany. The quantitative analyses indicate a significant negative effect of multi-locality on involvement and show that the strongest reduction in involvement temporally occurs with the start of multi-local living. The qualitative analyses confirm this finding and show that the postulated theoreticalmechanisms represent a central explanatory factor of the reduced involvement resulting from multi-locality.
{"title":"Reduziert erwerbsbedingte Multilokalität das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement? Ergebnisse für Deutschland anhand von quantitativen und qualitativen Daten","authors":"H. Rüger, Lena Greinke, Thomas Skora","doi":"10.14512/rur.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.131","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on an investigation of the impact of taking up a work-related multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement based on quantitative and qualitative data using a methodological triangulation. Following theoretical considerations based on the civic voluntarismmodel, the resources-centered model, and the “commuter’s strain hypothesis”, a negative influence of the multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement is expected. Periodic presence and absence at the place of origin and destination, as well as associated reduced time and psychological resources, are hypothesized to be the central theoretical mechanisms of influence explaining the negative relationship. The quantitative investigation is based on fixedeffects panel regressions applied to longitudinal data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The qualitative investigation is based on problem-centred, guided interviews conducted in a case study analysis in the rural district of Diepholz in Lower Saxony, Germany. The quantitative analyses indicate a significant negative effect of multi-locality on involvement and show that the strongest reduction in involvement temporally occurs with the start of multi-local living. The qualitative analyses confirm this finding and show that the postulated theoreticalmechanisms represent a central explanatory factor of the reduced involvement resulting from multi-locality.","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49172919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, growth coalitions and growth critiques are examined by using the example of in-migration policies in the context of Jena case study. This is based on the following questions: Which local growth coalitions do exist with which growth goals? To what extent do growth boundaries lead to an expansion of local growth coalitions with the urban hinterland? What kind of growth-critical positions are there in urban politics and to what extent do they question growth policies? The paper particularly ties in with the theoretical discussion of post-growth planning and enriches it by an empirical reflection by examining forms of municipal growth scepticism as well as limits of regional cooperation. The results show that there is a distinct growth coalition in Jena, which pursues the goal of attracting skilled workers to secure economic growth. However, due to natural growth limits and the resistance of individual residents, in-migration policies are reaching their limits, so that intermunicipal cooperation in the urban region is being sought as a fallback solution. Explicit critiques of growth and a fundamental public discussion about growth policies, on the other hand, just begin to emerge.
{"title":"Wachstumskoalitionen und Wachstumskritiken in der Stadtentwicklung: Reurbanisierungs- und Zuwanderungspolitiken","authors":"Henning Boeth, M. Kühn","doi":"10.14512/rur.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.161","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, growth coalitions and growth critiques are examined by using the example of in-migration policies in the context of Jena case study. This is based on the following questions: Which local growth coalitions do exist with which growth goals? To what extent do growth boundaries lead to an expansion of local growth coalitions with the urban hinterland? What kind of growth-critical positions are there in urban politics and to what extent do they question growth policies? The paper particularly ties in with the theoretical discussion of post-growth planning and enriches it by an empirical reflection by examining forms of municipal growth scepticism as well as limits of regional cooperation. The results show that there is a distinct growth coalition in Jena, which pursues the goal of attracting skilled workers to secure economic growth. However, due to natural growth limits and the resistance of individual residents, in-migration policies are reaching their limits, so that intermunicipal cooperation in the urban region is being sought as a fallback solution. Explicit critiques of growth and a fundamental public discussion about growth policies, on the other hand, just begin to emerge.","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44726743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a long time, it was assumed that hard location factors (e.g. workforce, land) were the primary influence on the location decisions of firms. In the course of the tertiarization of the economy and linked increases in the qualification of employees as well as changes in values and timemodels, soft location factors (e.g. image, cultural offerings) are expected to gain in importance. Therefore, this paper examines whether the importance of soft location factors has really increased in comparison to traditional, hard location factors. For this purpose, company surveys conducted by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Mittlerer Niederrhein (Germany) in 2002 and 2017 are analysed. More than 1,000 firms took part in both surveys and evaluated more than 50 location factors in terms of their importance. The results of the study show that the importance of soft location factors related to quality of life (e.g. safety, image) and the city centre (e.g. parking) increased significantly over this time period. In comparison, the importance of the hard location factors stagnated or even decreased (without including the factor information and communication infrastructure). These results provide indications for the local authorities concerning which site conditions are important for retaining firms or attracting new companies in the future.
{"title":"Location factors in corporate location decisions. Is the relevance of soft factors really increasing?","authors":"Christina Masch","doi":"10.14512/rur.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.100","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time, it was assumed that hard location factors (e.g. workforce, land) were the primary influence on the location decisions of firms. In the course of the tertiarization of the economy and linked increases in the qualification of employees as well as changes in values and timemodels, soft location factors (e.g. image, cultural offerings) are expected to gain in importance. Therefore, this paper examines whether the importance of soft location factors has really increased in comparison to traditional, hard location factors. For this purpose, company surveys conducted by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Mittlerer Niederrhein (Germany) in 2002 and 2017 are analysed. More than 1,000 firms took part in both surveys and evaluated more than 50 location factors in terms of their importance. The results of the study show that the importance of soft location factors related to quality of life (e.g. safety, image) and the city centre (e.g. parking) increased significantly over this time period. In comparison, the importance of the hard location factors stagnated or even decreased (without including the factor information and communication infrastructure). These results provide indications for the local authorities concerning which site conditions are important for retaining firms or attracting new companies in the future.","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43747219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of mixed methods in researching digitalisation and rural development has numerous benefits in terms of the integration of various data sources. In this paper, we present a novel, mixed methods approach that combines digital and analogue methods. We investigate multilocal work arrangements of knowledge workers in Switzerland who mainly work in a central urban area but occasionally withdraw to peripheral mountain regions in order to conduct their work in a concentrated and undisturbed environment. To analyse such multilocal work arrangements, we use a mixed methods approach that incorporates six integrated methods: geotracking, laptop and smartphone tracking, self-administered digital diaries, ethnographic walk-along observations and qualitative semi-structured interviews. Our study illustrates that mixed methods in digitalisation research provide in-depth insights, but that they also have limitations. Furthermore, we show how ethical standards can and should be used to create a basis of trust with the study participants and how this affects the recruitment of the sample.
{"title":"Analysing digital multilocality between urban centres and rural peripheries: Combining and integrating digital and analogue research methods","authors":"R. Bürgin, H. Mayer, A. Kashev, S. Haug","doi":"10.14512/rur.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.116","url":null,"abstract":"The application of mixed methods in researching digitalisation and rural development has numerous benefits in terms of the integration of various data sources. In this paper, we present a novel, mixed methods approach that combines digital and analogue methods. We investigate multilocal work arrangements of knowledge workers in Switzerland who mainly work in a central urban area but occasionally withdraw to peripheral mountain regions in order to conduct their work in a concentrated and undisturbed environment. To analyse such multilocal work arrangements, we use a mixed methods approach that incorporates six integrated methods: geotracking, laptop and smartphone tracking, self-administered digital diaries, ethnographic walk-along observations and qualitative semi-structured interviews. Our study illustrates that mixed methods in digitalisation research provide in-depth insights, but that they also have limitations. Furthermore, we show how ethical standards can and should be used to create a basis of trust with the study participants and how this affects the recruitment of the sample.","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43349811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While research into digitalisation in cities has grown strongly in recent years, rural areas have now also clearly shifted into the focus of attention. An important strand of research intodigitalisation in rural areas can be described as agency perspectives. Current studies point to the driving, transformative force of key figures, for example social entrepreneurs, smart villagers or spatial pioneers. At heart, these studies proposethat paths for collective action can be developed via key figures, thus generating ways to change established rules and norms. This paper represents a methodological contribution to this strand of research by subjecting the debate on leadershipthrough key figures to a quantitative, bibliometric analysis, on the basis of which a heuristic is proposed in order to develop relevant research questions. Based on different strands of discourse, our results show that unequal spatial developmentismanifested in an urban bias, but also demonstrate the potential of the growing research field in rural regional development.
{"title":"Digital pioneers in rural regional development: A bibliometric analysis of digitalisation and leadership","authors":"J. Binder, A. Witting","doi":"10.14512/rur.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.103","url":null,"abstract":"While research into digitalisation in cities has grown strongly in recent years, rural areas have now also clearly shifted into the focus of attention. An important strand of research intodigitalisation in rural areas can be described as agency perspectives. Current studies point to the driving, transformative force of key figures, for example social entrepreneurs, smart villagers or spatial pioneers. At heart, these studies proposethat paths for collective action can be developed via key figures, thus generating ways to change established rules and norms. This paper represents a methodological contribution to this strand of research by subjecting the debate on leadershipthrough key figures to a quantitative, bibliometric analysis, on the basis of which a heuristic is proposed in order to develop relevant research questions. Based on different strands of discourse, our results show that unequal spatial developmentismanifested in an urban bias, but also demonstrate the potential of the growing research field in rural regional development.","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46310000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one of the few examples worldwide, Swiss law serves for an instrument to compensate for planning-related increases in land value. The provision at the federal level however is not directly applicable, but merely a binding legislative mandate to the cantons. Beyond the minimum requirements under federal law, the cantons are given far-reaching discretion in the legislative process. This paper exploits this constellation in order to examine how the political legitimacy of the instrument affects the concrete legal configuration. Based on the planning literature, two schools of thought hold precedence. First, that pragmatic arguments would lead to farreaching cantonal regulations, e.g., through the explicit considerationof rezoning and upzoning as further taxable eventsin addition to the federal law requirement of zoning. Second, that ideological arguments are likely to only lead to minimal implementations, e.g., to a levy rate that does not exceed the minimum 20 percent prescribed by federal law. However, thiscomparative study based on the cantons of Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, and Bern instead points to a reverse correlation. In contrast to international experience, ideological arguments in Switzerland lead to amore far-reaching design of value added capture under planning law.
{"title":"Ideologischer oder pragmatischer Mehrwertausgleich? Eine interkantonale Untersuchung zum Einfluss der politischen Legitimation auf die Ausgestaltung des Ausgleichs planungsbedingter Vorteile in der Schweiz","authors":"Louis Scheiwiller, Andreas Hengstermann","doi":"10.14512/rur.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.154","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the few examples worldwide, Swiss law serves for an instrument to compensate for planning-related increases in land value. The provision at the federal level however is not directly applicable, but merely a binding legislative mandate to the cantons. Beyond the minimum requirements under federal law, the cantons are given far-reaching discretion in the legislative process. This paper exploits this constellation in order to examine how the political legitimacy of the instrument affects the concrete legal configuration. Based on the planning literature, two schools of thought hold precedence. First, that pragmatic arguments would lead to farreaching cantonal regulations, e.g., through the explicit considerationof rezoning and upzoning as further taxable eventsin addition to the federal law requirement of zoning. Second, that ideological arguments are likely to only lead to minimal implementations, e.g., to a levy rate that does not exceed the minimum 20 percent prescribed by federal law. However, thiscomparative study based on the cantons of Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, and Bern instead points to a reverse correlation. In contrast to international experience, ideological arguments in Switzerland lead to amore far-reaching design of value added capture under planning law.","PeriodicalId":45221,"journal":{"name":"Raumforschung und Raumordnung-Spatial Research and Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45070733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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