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Agricultural R&D investments and development goals in subSaharan Africa: Assessing prioritisation of value chains in Senegal 撒哈拉以南非洲的农业研发投资和发展目标:评估塞内加尔价值链的优先次序
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2022.17(2).9
Rui Benfica
We look at the prioritisation of agricultural value chains (VCs) for the allocation of R&D resources that maximise development outcomes (poverty, growth, jobs and diets) in Senegal. This study used (a) the rural investment and policy analysis (RIAPA) computable general equilibrium (CGE) model; (b) the perpetual inventory model (PIM), and (c) information on the elasticities of VC total factor productivity (TFP) with respect to R&D knowledge stocks (KS) to discuss the value chain priority allocations of R&D resources. The results indicate that no value chain is the most effective at improving all outcomes. The most effective value chains to be efficiently supported through R&D investments are traditional export crops, groundnuts, rice, poultry, sorghum/millet and cattle. Other promising value chains with potential effects at scale include vegetables, oilseeds and fruits. Future modelling needs to focus on deepening the standardisation and integration of R&D investments in this framework and bring together other factors and complementary agri-food system (AFS) investment dimensions that are relevant to sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth.
我们关注农业价值链(VC)的优先顺序,以分配研发资源,最大限度地提高塞内加尔的发展成果(贫困、增长、就业和饮食)。本研究使用了(a)农村投资和政策分析(RIAPA)可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型;(b) (c)VC全要素生产率(TFP)相对于研发知识存量(KS)的弹性信息,以讨论研发资源的价值链优先级分配。结果表明,在改善所有结果方面,没有价值链是最有效的。通过研发投资得到有效支持的最有效的价值链是传统出口作物、花生、大米、家禽、高粱/小米和牛。其他具有潜在规模效应的有前景的价值链包括蔬菜、油籽和水果。未来的建模需要侧重于深化该框架中研发投资的标准化和整合,并将与可持续和包容性农业增长相关的其他因素和补充农业食品系统(AFS)投资维度结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of proximity to and type of foraging habitat on value of insect pollination in the tropics, with applications to Kenya 觅食栖息地的接近程度和类型对热带昆虫授粉价值的影响及其在肯尼亚的应用
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2022.17(2).12
R. Mulwa, J. Siikamaki, Michael Ndwiga, Jessica Alvsilver
Insect pollination improves the yield of most crop species and contributes to one-third of global crop production. The importance of this ecosystem service in improving agricultural production has largely been overlooked, however, in favour of practices that improve soil conditions such as fertiliser use and supplementary irrigation. Using economic modelling, this study estimates the value of insect pollination under different land-use types in Kenya. Our model assumes that a combination of land-use type and the foraging distance of insect pollinators influences the intensity of pollination and the value of agricultural output. To demonstrate the hypothesised relationships, areas under different land-use types, e.g. forest, grassland and cropland, and their distances from households were used as proxies for insect pollination. Concentric buffer zones representing foraging distances of pollinators from the land-use types were drawn at 250 m, 500 m, 1 000 m, 2 000 m and 3 000 m from the farms, and areas under each land use in the buffer zones were estimated for the years 2004, 2007 and 2010. Using the random-effects model and an output distance-function stochastic frontier model, the land-use areas, other factors of production and climate variables were regressed on the value of agricultural output in each buffer zone to determine their contribution to agricultural output resulting from insect pollination. The results indicate higher crop productivity on farms bordering forests and grasslands. This implies that insect pollinators are important for crop production, and increasing the number of pollinator habitats closer to the farms will increase food production in the tropics.
昆虫授粉提高了大多数作物的产量,并贡献了全球三分之一的作物产量。然而,这种生态系统服务在改善农业生产方面的重要性在很大程度上被忽视了,取而代之的是改善土壤条件的做法,如化肥使用和补充灌溉。利用经济模型,本研究估计了肯尼亚不同土地利用类型下昆虫授粉的价值。我们的模型假设,土地利用类型和昆虫授粉者的觅食距离的组合会影响授粉强度和农业产出的价值。为了证明假设的关系,使用不同土地利用类型下的区域,如森林、草原和农田,以及它们与家庭的距离作为昆虫授粉的指标。在距离农场250米、500米、1000米、2000米和3000米处绘制了代表不同土地利用类型传粉昆虫觅食距离的同心缓冲区,并估计了2004年、2007年和2010年缓冲区内每种土地利用的面积。利用随机效应模型和产出距离函数随机前沿模型,将土地利用面积、其他生产要素和气候变量回归到每个缓冲区的农业产出值上,以确定它们对昆虫授粉农业产出的贡献。结果表明,与森林和草原接壤的农场的作物生产力更高。这意味着昆虫传粉昆虫对作物生产很重要,增加靠近农场的传粉昆虫栖息地的数量将增加热带地区的粮食产量。
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引用次数: 0
Loan syndication and cocoa production: Evidence from Ghana 银团贷款和可可生产:来自加纳的证据
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2022.17(2).10
James Ntiamoah Doku, Raymond K. Dziwornu, R. Agbanyo, Joyce Owusuaa Awuletey
The syndication of loansis an innovative financing model that has emerged in the financial landscape to help lenders spread risk and share opportunities. This study examines the relationship between syndicated loans and cocoa production in Ghana, using annual time-series data spanning from 1993 to 2020, as well as the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The study found a positive and significant short-run and long-run relationship between syndicated loans and cocoa production. Specifically, a 1% increase in the amount of syndicated loans increases cocoa production by 0.25% in the long run. The Ghana Cocoa Board should ensure efficient utilisation of syndicated loans by investing in productivity-enhancing programmes to boost cocoa production.
银团贷款是金融领域出现的一种创新融资模式,旨在帮助贷款人分散风险和分享机会。本研究利用1993年至2020年的年度时间序列数据以及自回归分布滞后模型(ARDL),考察了加纳银团贷款与可可产量之间的关系。研究发现,银团贷款与可可产量之间存在显著的短期和长期正相关关系。具体来说,从长远来看,银团贷款每增加1%,可可产量就会增加0.25%。加纳可可委员会应通过投资于提高生产力的项目来提高可可产量,从而确保银团贷款的有效利用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of economic policy uncertainty on agricultural growth in Nigeria 经济政策不确定性对尼日利亚农业增长的影响
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2022.17(2).7
G. Aye, Lydia Kotur
This study analysed the long- and short-run effect of economic policy uncertainty on agricultural growth in Nigeria. Annual data was collected from secondary sources and analysed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and the associated bounds test. The highest volatility was exhibited by monetary policy uncertainty (MPU) (2.522), followed by consumer price index (CPI) (1.968). The fiscal policy uncertainty had the lowest volatility (0.179). The result of the bounds test showed that economic policy uncertainty shares a long-run relationship with agricultural growth. The effect of economic policy uncertainty on agricultural growth in the long run is negative, with the coefficient of MPU, FPU and TPU being -0.004, -0.218 and -0.507 respectively. In the short run, the effects of all the economic policy uncertainty variables on agricultural growth and welfare are negative and significant, both in contemporary (current) and in lags. A stable economic policy encourages agricultural growth.
本研究分析了经济政策不确定性对尼日利亚农业增长的长期和短期影响。从二手来源收集年度数据,并使用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)模型和相关的界限检验进行分析。货币政策不确定性(MPU)波动性最大(2.522),其次是消费者物价指数(CPI)(1.968)。财政政策不确定性波动率最低(0.179)。边界检验的结果表明,经济政策的不确定性与农业增长具有长期的关系。经济政策不确定性对农业长期增长的影响为负,MPU、FPU和TPU的系数分别为-0.004、-0.218和-0.507。在短期内,所有经济政策不确定性变量对农业增长和福利的影响都是负面的和显著的,无论是在当代(当前)还是滞后。稳定的经济政策鼓励农业发展。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of agricultural extension services on technical efficiency of maize farmers in Malawi 农业推广服务对马拉维玉米种植者技术效率的影响
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2022.17(1).6
Aubrey Jolex
Recognising potential selection bias due to non-randomness of the data, this study used propensity score matching on data from a nationally representative fifth Integrated Household Survey (IHS5) to investigate the effect of agriculture extension services on the technical efficiency of maize farmers in Malawi. Technical efficiency levels were estimated using the stochastic frontier model. The results show that most farmers are technically efficient, with an average technical efficiency of 63%. This indicates that there is still a possibility to increase maize output by 37% using the same level of inputs. The results of the propensity score matching reveal that having access to agricultural extension services significantly increases maize farmers’ technical efficiency, by about 4%. This evidence presents an opportunity not only for farmers, but also for the relevant policymakers, to realise the potential of using agricultural extension services to enhance the production capacity of maize farmers.
认识到由于数据的非随机性造成的潜在选择偏差,本研究对具有全国代表性的第五次综合家庭调查(IHS5)的数据使用倾向得分匹配,以调查农业推广服务对马拉维玉米农民技术效率的影响。采用随机前沿模型估计技术效率水平。结果表明,大部分农户技术效率较高,平均技术效率为63%。这表明,在相同投入水平下,玉米产量仍有可能提高37%。倾向得分匹配结果显示,获得农业推广服务可显著提高玉米农民的技术效率,约提高4%。这一证据不仅为农民提供了机会,也为相关政策制定者提供了机会,让他们认识到利用农业推广服务提高种植玉米农民生产能力的潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Asymmetry and transmission of international price shocks of cocoa and coffee in Togo 多哥可可和咖啡国际价格冲击的不对称及其传导
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2022.17(1).5
Koffi Yovo, Kokou Edoh Adabe
This study assesses the mechanism of the transmission of international price shocks to producer prices of coffee and cocoa in Togo. A threshold autoregressive (TAR) model was estimated using monthly series of international and producer prices of coffee and cocoa in Togo from 1994 to 2018. The results show that there is asymmetric transmission of international price shocks to producer prices. Domestic prices respond less quickly to international price increase than decreases. The asymmetric price transmission is similar in term of the speed of adjustment for the two commodities. In order to deal with this phenomenon, further investigations need to be done to detect the reasons for the asymmetry in price transmission between domestic and international coffee and cocoa markets.
本研究评估了国际价格冲击对多哥咖啡和可可生产者价格的传导机制。根据1994年至2018年多哥咖啡和可可的国际和生产者价格月度序列,估算了阈值自回归(TAR)模型。结果表明,国际价格冲击对生产者价格存在不对称传导。国内价格对国际价格上涨的反应不如对价格下跌的反应快。就两种商品的调整速度而言,不对称价格传导是相似的。为了解决这一现象,需要进行进一步的调查,以发现国内和国际咖啡和可可市场之间价格传导不对称的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Trade liberalisation in Kenya: A modelling linkage for wheat and maize 肯尼亚的贸易自由化:小麦和玉米的模型联系
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2022.17(1).1
J. Binfield, P. Boulanger, Tracy Davids, Hasan Dudu, E. Ferrari, Alfredo J. Mainar‐Causapé
Kenya has become a driving force of trade integration at the regional and continental level, albeit that this process is still incomplete. Kenya was the first nation, along with Ghana, to ratify the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement in May 2018, as it was already engaged with its main trading partners. Trade policy can generate mixed effects across the economy and within the agricultural sector, reflecting differences between markets and commodities. In this paper we argue that a mix of modelling approaches is preferable in order to capture the complexities of these changes. A dynamic-recursive computable general equilibrium model provides broad sectoral and macro-economic effects, which are then incorporated into a partial equilibrium framework for a detailed analysis at the sector level. We demonstrate this using the maize and wheat markets in Kenya as examples. Combining the output of each modelling approach allows the analysis to explicitly include certain characteristics of single markets, particularly regional trade relationships and differences in pricing structure that would be missed by using a single approach in isolation. It shows that further intra-African trade liberalisation will affect wheat markets more than maize in Kenya but, given the low initial tariff levels, the ultimate effects will remain fairly small.
肯尼亚已成为区域和大陆一级贸易一体化的推动力,尽管这一进程尚未完成。2018年5月,肯尼亚与加纳一起成为第一个批准非洲大陆自由贸易区(AfCFTA)协议的国家,因为肯尼亚已经与其主要贸易伙伴进行了接触。贸易政策可能在整个经济和农业部门产生混合影响,反映出市场和商品之间的差异。在本文中,我们认为,为了捕捉这些变化的复杂性,混合建模方法是可取的。动态递归可计算的一般均衡模型提供了广泛的部门和宏观经济影响,然后将其纳入部分均衡框架,以便在部门层面进行详细分析。我们以肯尼亚的玉米和小麦市场为例说明了这一点。将每种建模方法的输出结合起来,可以使分析明确包括单一市场的某些特征,特别是单独使用单一方法可能会忽略的区域贸易关系和定价结构差异。这表明,非洲内部贸易的进一步自由化对小麦市场的影响将大于对肯尼亚玉米市场的影响,但鉴于初始关税水平较低,最终影响仍将相当小。
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引用次数: 1
Understanding consumer attitudes to and valuation of organic food in Sub-Saharan Africa: A double-bound contingent method applied in Dakar, Senegal 了解消费者对撒哈拉以南非洲有机食品的态度和评估:在塞内加尔达喀尔应用的双界偶然方法
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2022.17(1).2
A. Seck, Djiby Racine Thiam
Although organic farming is increasingly perceived as a viable alternative to conventional agriculture in the face of deteriorating environmental ecosystems, little is known about consumers’ preferences for organic products in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper bridges this gap in research and investigates the extent to which consumers value organic food in Dakar, Senegal. The double-bound contingent valuation approach was used on primary data from urban individuals. The results indicate that consumers do indeed significantly value organic vegetables, with a premium averaging 53% and varying across food items. The results also indicate that the current market structure of organic farming tends to undervalue organic products, as the actual price is 25.7% below the average consumers’ reservation price. Consumers who attach a higher value to organic products are found to be young, female, well-educated, wealthy, and fairly concerned about the health and environmental impacts associated with food production. All of these results contribute to laying the foundations to promote sustainable farming practices that make use of local solutions to address global environmental challenges.
尽管面对日益恶化的环境生态系统,有机农业越来越被视为传统农业的可行替代品,但人们对撒哈拉以南非洲消费者对有机产品的偏好知之甚少。本文填补了这一研究空白,并调查了塞内加尔达喀尔消费者对有机食品的重视程度。对城市个体的原始数据采用了双重约束或有估值方法。结果表明,消费者确实非常重视有机蔬菜,平均溢价为53%,不同食品的溢价也不同。研究结果还表明,当前有机农业的市场结构往往低估了有机产品的价值,因为实际价格比消费者的平均预订价格低25.7%。人们发现,对有机产品重视程度较高的消费者是年轻、女性、受过良好教育、富有的人,他们相当关心食品生产对健康和环境的影响。所有这些成果都有助于为促进利用当地解决方案应对全球环境挑战的可持续农业实践奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Agricultural policy and commodity price stabilisation in Ghana: The role of buffer stockholding operations 加纳的农业政策和商品价格稳定:缓冲储存业务的作用
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2021.16(4).24
Emmanuel Abokyi, Kofi Fred Asiedu
This paper investigates the extent of price volatility of maize and rice in Ghana following the introduction of public buffer stockholding operations (PBSO) as a policy to stabilise farm output prices in the last decade. We analysed price volatility using the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH(1,1)) modelling technique. This econometric technique was applied to market-level time-series data from selected major markets in Ghana from 2006 to 2015. The results indicate that price volatility for maize and rice has declined in the long run and, in the short run, shows relatively slow volatility transmission. The findings show that the buffer stockholding operations policy in the selected markets has stabilised the prices of the two commodities, especially in the long run. The results suggest that buffer stockholding operation policy remains a viable alternative for curbing high price volatility if structured well to fit the country context. We also conclude that climate change resilience measures are needed to be integrated into the agriculture and food systems of the country if we want to address the persistent price volatility of maize and rice in Ghana sustainably.
本文调查了加纳在过去十年中引入公共缓冲库存操作(PBSO)作为稳定农产品价格的政策后,玉米和大米价格波动的程度。我们使用广义自回归条件异方差(GARCH(1,1))建模技术分析了价格波动。该计量经济学技术应用于2006年至2015年来自加纳选定主要市场的市场水平时间序列数据。结果表明,从长期来看,玉米和大米的价格波动已经下降,而在短期内,波动传导相对缓慢。研究结果表明,在选定的市场中,缓冲库存操作政策稳定了这两种商品的价格,特别是从长远来看。结果表明,缓冲库存操作政策仍然是抑制高价格波动的可行选择,如果结构良好,以适应国家的情况。我们还得出结论,如果我们想要可持续地解决加纳玉米和大米价格持续波动的问题,就需要将气候变化适应措施纳入该国的农业和粮食系统。
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引用次数: 0
Consentement à payer pour le riz local de qualité au Burkina Faso : une analyse par la méthode des enchères expérimentales 同意支付布基纳法索当地优质大米:实验性拍卖方法的分析
IF 0.6 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.53936/afjare.2021.16(4).22
M. Ouédraogo, Matty Demont, Maïmouna N'Dour
Cette étude vise à analyser les dispositions à acheter et le consentement à payer le riz local par les femmes au Burkina Faso. Les préférences des consommatrices et leurs consentements à payer le riz local de Bagré ont été révélés à partir des enchères expérimentales conduites auprès de 120 femmes de la ville de Ouagadougou. L’étude a montré que 55% des participantes aux enchères expérimentales préfèrent le riz local au riz importé. Environ 74% des consommatrices consentement à payer une prime supplémentaire moyenne de 100 FCFA/kg par rapport au riz importé (Thaïlandais, 5% de brisures) pour acquérir le riz étuvé de Bagré. Elles sont 75% à consentir à payer un supplément moyen de 87 FCFA par kg pour avoir le riz non étuvé de qualité de Bagré. L’étude conclut qu’il existe une demande potentielle urbaine pour le riz local de qualité. Les transformateurs devraient investir dans la qualité de riz en faisant en sorte que les coûts d’investissement additionnels soient inférieurs aux primes exprimées par les consommatrices.
这项研究旨在分析布基纳法索妇女购买和同意支付当地大米的情况。在瓦加杜古市对120名妇女进行的实验性拍卖中,揭示了消费者的偏好以及他们愿意支付巴格雷当地大米的情况。研究表明,55%的实验拍卖参与者更喜欢本地大米而不是进口大米。约74%的消费者同意支付进口大米(泰国,5%碎米)的平均额外溢价100非洲法郎/千克,以购买巴格雷蒸米。75%的人同意支付平均每公斤87非洲法郎的额外费用,以获得优质的未煮熟的巴格雷大米。该研究得出结论,城市对当地优质大米有潜在需求。加工者应通过确保额外投资成本低于消费者表示的溢价来投资大米质量。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics-AFJARE
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