Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1689759
Jennifer Bring, M. Mayer, Madeleine Bray, J. Fitzpatrick, K. Thoemke
ABSTRACT The purpose of Executive Order (EO) 13807 “Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure” is to support the timely processing of federal environmental reviews and agency authorization decisions for proposed major infrastructure projects. In addition to outlining the goal of completing all environmental reviews in an average of two years, EO 13807 stipulates that all federal authorization decisions, including issuing permits, shall be completed within 90 days of the issuance of a ROD. If environmental reviews and authorizations under other federal laws are not effectively coordinated, meeting the requirements outlined in EO 13807 will be difficult, if not impossible. This review examines how to effectively coordinate planning and permitting under the National Environmental Policy Act and three other federal laws, compliance with which is commonly needed for major infrastructure projects – the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Water Act, and the National Historic Preservation Act.
{"title":"Implementing EO 13807 – coordinating NEPA and compliance with other federal laws","authors":"Jennifer Bring, M. Mayer, Madeleine Bray, J. Fitzpatrick, K. Thoemke","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1689759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1689759","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of Executive Order (EO) 13807 “Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure” is to support the timely processing of federal environmental reviews and agency authorization decisions for proposed major infrastructure projects. In addition to outlining the goal of completing all environmental reviews in an average of two years, EO 13807 stipulates that all federal authorization decisions, including issuing permits, shall be completed within 90 days of the issuance of a ROD. If environmental reviews and authorizations under other federal laws are not effectively coordinated, meeting the requirements outlined in EO 13807 will be difficult, if not impossible. This review examines how to effectively coordinate planning and permitting under the National Environmental Policy Act and three other federal laws, compliance with which is commonly needed for major infrastructure projects – the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Water Act, and the National Historic Preservation Act.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82290683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1688083
Madeline Brown, T. Murtha
ABSTRACT How natural and cultural resources are defined and valued has implications for their conservation and assessment. Although legal regulations for cultural resources such as the National Historic Preservation Act or the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act offer clear guidelines for evaluating entities that fall under their jurisdiction, cultural resources cover far more than these official definitions encompass. Cultural models of cultural resources may vary across individuals from different management agencies, geographic regions, or cultural backgrounds. This in turn affects how they value and perceive cultural resources, both in their work and daily life. Anthropological methods including ethnography, cultural domain analysis, participatory action research, and crowdsourcing can offer critical insights into how different stakeholders or actors classify and perceive cultural resources. By recognizing the variability and dynamism in cultural resource definitions and values, it is possible to develop more holistic and inclusive assessment criteria for management and conservation. Developing emic understandings of cultural resources is particularly important in contexts with diverse populations, nested management institutions, and competing land-use priorities. This paper highlights methodologies for incorporating anthropological methods into integrated landscape conservation design and offers recommendations for how these methods can be applied.
{"title":"Anthropological approaches for cultural resource conservation design and planning","authors":"Madeline Brown, T. Murtha","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1688083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1688083","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT How natural and cultural resources are defined and valued has implications for their conservation and assessment. Although legal regulations for cultural resources such as the National Historic Preservation Act or the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act offer clear guidelines for evaluating entities that fall under their jurisdiction, cultural resources cover far more than these official definitions encompass. Cultural models of cultural resources may vary across individuals from different management agencies, geographic regions, or cultural backgrounds. This in turn affects how they value and perceive cultural resources, both in their work and daily life. Anthropological methods including ethnography, cultural domain analysis, participatory action research, and crowdsourcing can offer critical insights into how different stakeholders or actors classify and perceive cultural resources. By recognizing the variability and dynamism in cultural resource definitions and values, it is possible to develop more holistic and inclusive assessment criteria for management and conservation. Developing emic understandings of cultural resources is particularly important in contexts with diverse populations, nested management institutions, and competing land-use priorities. This paper highlights methodologies for incorporating anthropological methods into integrated landscape conservation design and offers recommendations for how these methods can be applied.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74002430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1680058
James A. Dobberstine, C. Howard
ABSTRACT A significant amount of coastal marsh restoration work has been implemented in estuarine coastal areas in an effort to reclaim previously degraded aquatic habitats. Design approaches vary according to numerous cost and site specific parameters. This study attempts to assess the biologic function of two common approaches to restoration site design, terracing and beneficial use islands, located within an estuarine embayment in lower Galveston Bay, Texas across a five-year timeframe. Study results indicate that there are significant differences among restoration sites by design when compared to each other and to a natural reference within the same embayment. These results suggest that advancements in restoration design have important implications for coastal habitat function and resiliency. In light of climate change, relative sea level rise, ever-present funding constraints, and the ecologic and economic importance of estuarine marsh habitat, this data will be useful for restoration managers considering applicable techniques for future projects in dynamic coastal environments.
{"title":"A closer look at the effects of restoration design on biologic function in restored estuarine wetlands: A case study in Galveston Bay, Texas","authors":"James A. Dobberstine, C. Howard","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1680058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1680058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A significant amount of coastal marsh restoration work has been implemented in estuarine coastal areas in an effort to reclaim previously degraded aquatic habitats. Design approaches vary according to numerous cost and site specific parameters. This study attempts to assess the biologic function of two common approaches to restoration site design, terracing and beneficial use islands, located within an estuarine embayment in lower Galveston Bay, Texas across a five-year timeframe. Study results indicate that there are significant differences among restoration sites by design when compared to each other and to a natural reference within the same embayment. These results suggest that advancements in restoration design have important implications for coastal habitat function and resiliency. In light of climate change, relative sea level rise, ever-present funding constraints, and the ecologic and economic importance of estuarine marsh habitat, this data will be useful for restoration managers considering applicable techniques for future projects in dynamic coastal environments.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89306926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1686914
Nathan R. Lawres, Andrew Carter, T. Murtha, Madeline Brown, T. Mazurczyk
ABSTRACT While there are standardized methods for incorporating natural resources into planning and design, cultural resources are treated as an afterthought or are considered only after unexpected discoveries or policies require procedural review. Bringing cultural resources to the front end of planning will have positive effects not only on the preservation of those resources, but on planning and design processes. However, to work toward this shift in practice it is necessary to evaluate the types of data useful for planning professionals, which in most cases are evaluative spatial data commonly contained in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases. In the United States, statewide cultural resource GIS databases are required in State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPO). While universal, these databases vary in the terminologies used and the types of data recorded, necessitating a move toward standardization and broadened utility. Detailed evaluations of statewide cultural resource GIS databases provide insight into what needs standardization and how to move toward that goal. By moving toward standardization it is possible to bring cultural resources to the front end of the planning and design process. In turn, this will increase cultural resource preservation levels while decreasing the costs of project implementation by reducing the need to revisit project designs after they are put in place.
{"title":"Back to the front: Archaeological resources and the planning process","authors":"Nathan R. Lawres, Andrew Carter, T. Murtha, Madeline Brown, T. Mazurczyk","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1686914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1686914","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While there are standardized methods for incorporating natural resources into planning and design, cultural resources are treated as an afterthought or are considered only after unexpected discoveries or policies require procedural review. Bringing cultural resources to the front end of planning will have positive effects not only on the preservation of those resources, but on planning and design processes. However, to work toward this shift in practice it is necessary to evaluate the types of data useful for planning professionals, which in most cases are evaluative spatial data commonly contained in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases. In the United States, statewide cultural resource GIS databases are required in State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPO). While universal, these databases vary in the terminologies used and the types of data recorded, necessitating a move toward standardization and broadened utility. Detailed evaluations of statewide cultural resource GIS databases provide insight into what needs standardization and how to move toward that goal. By moving toward standardization it is possible to bring cultural resources to the front end of the planning and design process. In turn, this will increase cultural resource preservation levels while decreasing the costs of project implementation by reducing the need to revisit project designs after they are put in place.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82730782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1673080
D. A. Peters
This well-titled book embodies the importance of pairing the “Think Global – Act Local” adage with its evolutionary cousin, “Think Local and Act Global” when addressing global environmental challenges. Dr. Michael Blakeney, Winthrop Professor at the University of Western Australia, has provided a comprehensive analysis of the causes, implications, and potential mitigating actions related to food loss and waste on local/regional and global scales. Dr. Blakeney’s approach to detailing this issue highlights the extent to which causes and solutions should be concurrently and integrally considered at both local and global levels. The detailed analysis resulting from the thorough research and comprehensive approach utilized will serve as an excellent resource to those interested in this subject, be they novice practitioners or subject matter experts.
{"title":"Food Loss and Food Waste, Causes and Solutions","authors":"D. A. Peters","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1673080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1673080","url":null,"abstract":"This well-titled book embodies the importance of pairing the “Think Global – Act Local” adage with its evolutionary cousin, “Think Local and Act Global” when addressing global environmental challenges. Dr. Michael Blakeney, Winthrop Professor at the University of Western Australia, has provided a comprehensive analysis of the causes, implications, and potential mitigating actions related to food loss and waste on local/regional and global scales. Dr. Blakeney’s approach to detailing this issue highlights the extent to which causes and solutions should be concurrently and integrally considered at both local and global levels. The detailed analysis resulting from the thorough research and comprehensive approach utilized will serve as an excellent resource to those interested in this subject, be they novice practitioners or subject matter experts.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80067144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1689087
Katie May Laumann, Emily A. Nastase, V. Vargas-Nguyen, R. H. Kelsey, A. Carew, E. C. Donovan, Alexa Fries, Suzanne E. Spitzer, W. Dennison
ABSTRACT Early ecosystem health report cards focused on assessing the health of natural ecosystems, producing a “snapshot” of ecosystem health at one point in time. Ecosystem health report cards are used to guide efforts that improve ecosystem health through natural resources management and stakeholder engagement. Common themes among Report Cards include water quality and quantity and habitat. These indicators are not strictly environmental concerns, though. They also impact, and are impacted by, human communities. For example, water quantity bridges natural and human resources: a minimum amount of water is needed to maintain ecosystem health, and humans rely on water for industries, for example agriculture. People impact the ecosystems in which they live, and it is important to assess their impacts on ecosystems, as well as assessing how an ecosystem functions to support these communities. This requires consideration of both indicators that bridge the natural and human world, and some that are considered strictly human-focused. These include infrastructure, employment, and nutrition/food availability. When combined with assessments of natural resources, the evaluation of human focused indicators and indicators that bridge the natural and human world provide a more complex and accurate view of system health. Using three case studies, this paper explores the importance of integrating economic, cultural, and social indicators into traditional ecosystem health report cards, the challenges such integration poses, and potential solutions.
{"title":"Moving beyond the ecosystem in ecosystem health report cards","authors":"Katie May Laumann, Emily A. Nastase, V. Vargas-Nguyen, R. H. Kelsey, A. Carew, E. C. Donovan, Alexa Fries, Suzanne E. Spitzer, W. Dennison","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1689087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1689087","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Early ecosystem health report cards focused on assessing the health of natural ecosystems, producing a “snapshot” of ecosystem health at one point in time. Ecosystem health report cards are used to guide efforts that improve ecosystem health through natural resources management and stakeholder engagement. Common themes among Report Cards include water quality and quantity and habitat. These indicators are not strictly environmental concerns, though. They also impact, and are impacted by, human communities. For example, water quantity bridges natural and human resources: a minimum amount of water is needed to maintain ecosystem health, and humans rely on water for industries, for example agriculture. People impact the ecosystems in which they live, and it is important to assess their impacts on ecosystems, as well as assessing how an ecosystem functions to support these communities. This requires consideration of both indicators that bridge the natural and human world, and some that are considered strictly human-focused. These include infrastructure, employment, and nutrition/food availability. When combined with assessments of natural resources, the evaluation of human focused indicators and indicators that bridge the natural and human world provide a more complex and accurate view of system health. Using three case studies, this paper explores the importance of integrating economic, cultural, and social indicators into traditional ecosystem health report cards, the challenges such integration poses, and potential solutions.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78923339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1668216
Harold Draper
Author John Perkins takes us on a big history look at energy and the environment and concludes that we must make a new energy transition. This transition is made urgent by the scientific consensus on global warming. It is time to move ahead at full speed to find a way out of our current predicament. Great progress has been made in commercializing renewable energy in the last decade, but it will be an even greater scientific and engineering challenge to complete the next energy step: the transition to 100 percent energy efficiency and renewable energy. The book explains the decision-making criteria we can use to change our course.
{"title":"Changing Energy: The Transition to a Sustainable Future","authors":"Harold Draper","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1668216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1668216","url":null,"abstract":"Author John Perkins takes us on a big history look at energy and the environment and concludes that we must make a new energy transition. This transition is made urgent by the scientific consensus on global warming. It is time to move ahead at full speed to find a way out of our current predicament. Great progress has been made in commercializing renewable energy in the last decade, but it will be an even greater scientific and engineering challenge to complete the next energy step: the transition to 100 percent energy efficiency and renewable energy. The book explains the decision-making criteria we can use to change our course.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89501527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1687231
L. Goldberg
ABSTRACT Visual resources are a critical, but often overlooked type of cultural resource. Additionally, visual resources are often dealt with only at the site scale and not as part of a larger landscape or region. Building on a long history of photographic studies for landscape visual assessment, this work examines crowdsourced photography from social media sources to identify visual resources and areas of scenic interest at larger scales. A pilot study in Pennsylvania and subsequent exploration in the National Capital Region show how publicly shared photography can aid the identification and prioritization of conservation areas by garnering information from residents and visitors, alike. Analyses of these data also show trends for the types of visual resources and landscapes that are most valued. Subsequently, other forms of data, such as impact projections can be compared to the photographic data to identify where future conflicts may occur. • Crowdsourced data is useful for identifying areas of visual and cultural resources. • Natural or natural-appearing landscapes are valued more above other types. • Data availability and compatibility are important for regional-scale conservation.
{"title":"Toward conservation of visual resources at the regional scale","authors":"L. Goldberg","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1687231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1687231","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Visual resources are a critical, but often overlooked type of cultural resource. Additionally, visual resources are often dealt with only at the site scale and not as part of a larger landscape or region. Building on a long history of photographic studies for landscape visual assessment, this work examines crowdsourced photography from social media sources to identify visual resources and areas of scenic interest at larger scales. A pilot study in Pennsylvania and subsequent exploration in the National Capital Region show how publicly shared photography can aid the identification and prioritization of conservation areas by garnering information from residents and visitors, alike. Analyses of these data also show trends for the types of visual resources and landscapes that are most valued. Subsequently, other forms of data, such as impact projections can be compared to the photographic data to identify where future conflicts may occur. • Crowdsourced data is useful for identifying areas of visual and cultural resources. • Natural or natural-appearing landscapes are valued more above other types. • Data availability and compatibility are important for regional-scale conservation.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89274936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1688060
T. Murtha, Madeline Brown
Beginning in the 1990s, anthropologists, archeologists, and allied social scientists recognized the value of scientifically studying landscape as the, “ ... spatial manifestation of the relations between humans and the environment (Crumley and Marquardt 1990, 73).” In the decades that followed, landscape became more than a unifying concept for regional analysis, tightly integrated into archeological and anthropological research and practice. The tools, methods, and approaches evolved, providing an integrated kit for studying humans and their environment at large scales. To date, dozens of projects have left a legacy of data and information about landscape. The human and culturally focused science of landscapes strengthened, but the application of this science for planning and management of resources was limited. Cultural resource planning and preservation initiatives have revisited this gap in recent years (Altschul 2016; Doelle et al. 2016). We view this as a unique time and opportunity to discuss some approaches for integrating cultural resource science of landscape with design, planning, and management of landscapes.
从20世纪90年代开始，人类学家、考古学家和相关的社会科学家认识到科学研究景观的价值，“……人与环境关系的空间表现(Crumley and Marquardt 1990,73)。在随后的几十年里，景观不仅仅是一个用于区域分析的统一概念，还与考古学和人类学的研究和实践紧密结合在一起。工具、方法和途径不断发展，为大规模研究人类及其环境提供了一个综合工具包。迄今为止，已有数十个项目留下了关于景观的数据和信息遗产。以人文和文化为中心的景观科学得到加强，但这门科学在资源规划和管理方面的应用有限。近年来，文化资源规划和保护举措重新审视了这一差距(Altschul 2016;Doelle et al. 2016)。我们认为这是一个独特的时间和机会来讨论将景观文化资源科学与景观设计、规划和管理相结合的一些方法。
{"title":"Cultural resources and landscape conservation design and planning","authors":"T. Murtha, Madeline Brown","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1688060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1688060","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning in the 1990s, anthropologists, archeologists, and allied social scientists recognized the value of scientifically studying landscape as the, “ ... spatial manifestation of the relations between humans and the environment (Crumley and Marquardt 1990, 73).” In the decades that followed, landscape became more than a unifying concept for regional analysis, tightly integrated into archeological and anthropological research and practice. The tools, methods, and approaches evolved, providing an integrated kit for studying humans and their environment at large scales. To date, dozens of projects have left a legacy of data and information about landscape. The human and culturally focused science of landscapes strengthened, but the application of this science for planning and management of resources was limited. Cultural resource planning and preservation initiatives have revisited this gap in recent years (Altschul 2016; Doelle et al. 2016). We view this as a unique time and opportunity to discuss some approaches for integrating cultural resource science of landscape with design, planning, and management of landscapes.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75698027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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