Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1637185
P. Hudak
ABSTRACT A modeling study examined the effect of leakage rate and liner seam orientation on configurations of contaminant detection wells in groundwater. Monitoring networks took into account the unknown location of a future release, and a higher risk of leakage at liner seams, for different combinations of leakage rate and seam orientation. Derived networks comprised two arrays of wells, one relatively close and the other farther away from the landfill, capable of detecting all releases before associated contaminant plumes reached a property boundary. A smaller (more efficient) monitoring network was found for seams oriented more parallel to groundwater flow. Based on outcomes of this study, landfill designers should consider: (1) benefits of seams oriented parallel to groundwater flow, weighed against possible drawbacks of more seams or greater total seam length; and (2) small holes and leakage rates in conventional liner systems producing narrow contaminant plumes, warranting closely-spaced monitoring wells.
{"title":"Effects of leakage rate and liner seam orientation on detection monitoring configurations at waste impoundments","authors":"P. Hudak","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1637185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1637185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A modeling study examined the effect of leakage rate and liner seam orientation on configurations of contaminant detection wells in groundwater. Monitoring networks took into account the unknown location of a future release, and a higher risk of leakage at liner seams, for different combinations of leakage rate and seam orientation. Derived networks comprised two arrays of wells, one relatively close and the other farther away from the landfill, capable of detecting all releases before associated contaminant plumes reached a property boundary. A smaller (more efficient) monitoring network was found for seams oriented more parallel to groundwater flow. Based on outcomes of this study, landfill designers should consider: (1) benefits of seams oriented parallel to groundwater flow, weighed against possible drawbacks of more seams or greater total seam length; and (2) small holes and leakage rates in conventional liner systems producing narrow contaminant plumes, warranting closely-spaced monitoring wells.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"108 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83052148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1656480
Sara R. Rinfret, J. Cook
ABSTRACT Individual bureaucrats are ultimately tasked with solving complex problems and are expected to do so cost-effectively. The purpose of this paper is to examine an infrequent perspective of administrative rulemaking – training. Simply put, our goal is to examine original interview data with federal rulewriters in two agencies – the Environmental Protection Agency and the Bureau of Land Management to understand how bureaucrats are trained to carry out rules. This exploratory study suggests the importance of training for the next generation of rulewriters. In particular, we demonstrate existing informal training can be effective, but more mechanisms (e.g. formal training and mentoring) is necessary.
{"title":"Trial by fire? Rulewriters, training, the BLM, and EPA","authors":"Sara R. Rinfret, J. Cook","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1656480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1656480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Individual bureaucrats are ultimately tasked with solving complex problems and are expected to do so cost-effectively. The purpose of this paper is to examine an infrequent perspective of administrative rulemaking – training. Simply put, our goal is to examine original interview data with federal rulewriters in two agencies – the Environmental Protection Agency and the Bureau of Land Management to understand how bureaucrats are trained to carry out rules. This exploratory study suggests the importance of training for the next generation of rulewriters. In particular, we demonstrate existing informal training can be effective, but more mechanisms (e.g. formal training and mentoring) is necessary.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"62 1","pages":"113 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86790728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1633835
A. Madsen, Carrie Chasteen
ABSTRACT The 1930s was a time of strife, uncertainty, and movement in the United States. As a result of the Great Depression and Dust Bowl, impromptu communities – both lasting and fleeting – seemingly appeared overnight in much of the country’s western and southwestern regions. Increased demand for housing forced the government to fund migratory camps for the destitute. Although some settlements were ephemeral and abandoned after this age of displacement, others continue to retain their integrity and convey their significance today. These camps stand as testaments to the thousands of migrants who sought refuge in their shelters and communities during an epoch of increased individualism. Using two Farm Security Administration (FSA) camps as case studies, this paper examines the history of the Dust Bowl migration, the proliferation of migratory camps, and the nuances of their potential eligibility. Arvin Federal Migratory Labor Camp retains integrity, conveys its significance, and has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places and California Register of Historical Resources. Contrastingly, Shafter Federal Migratory Camp has been dramatically altered over the last eight decades. The only remnants of this camp are the concrete foundations alluding to a double-hexagonal plan. The different conditions of these camps evidence the need for preservation stewardship.
{"title":"Evaluating migratory camps and cultural landscapes from the age of displacement, 1930–1945","authors":"A. Madsen, Carrie Chasteen","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1633835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1633835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The 1930s was a time of strife, uncertainty, and movement in the United States. As a result of the Great Depression and Dust Bowl, impromptu communities – both lasting and fleeting – seemingly appeared overnight in much of the country’s western and southwestern regions. Increased demand for housing forced the government to fund migratory camps for the destitute. Although some settlements were ephemeral and abandoned after this age of displacement, others continue to retain their integrity and convey their significance today. These camps stand as testaments to the thousands of migrants who sought refuge in their shelters and communities during an epoch of increased individualism. Using two Farm Security Administration (FSA) camps as case studies, this paper examines the history of the Dust Bowl migration, the proliferation of migratory camps, and the nuances of their potential eligibility. Arvin Federal Migratory Labor Camp retains integrity, conveys its significance, and has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places and California Register of Historical Resources. Contrastingly, Shafter Federal Migratory Camp has been dramatically altered over the last eight decades. The only remnants of this camp are the concrete foundations alluding to a double-hexagonal plan. The different conditions of these camps evidence the need for preservation stewardship.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"117 1","pages":"121 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90566358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1650600
J. Doub
ABSTRACT The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) has since 1970 functioned as an innovative, interdisciplinary planning tool for actions of the federal government. However, elements of NEPA have also entered state and local environmental planning regulations and processes over the years. The concept of interdisciplinary evaluation of alternatives established under NEPA for federal actions has thereby influenced planning of many non-federal development actions under state and local regulatory jurisdiction as well. The following paper discusses how aspects of the NEPA process may be found in two state-level environmental planning statutes established by the State of Maryland: the Maryland Forest Conservation Act and the Chesapeake Bay Critical Area Act. The former applies to development projects throughout most of Maryland, and the latter applies to development projects in lands close to Maryland’s portion of the Chesapeake Bay. If environmental planning of the type promoted by NEPA is to be successful on a macro level, then those planning objectives must be extended to non-government as well as government projects. State environmental planning statutes such as Maryland’s accomplish that purpose. Furthermore, as federal politicians continue to emphasize federalism and devolution of regulatory requirements to states and localities, state environmental planning requirements such as Maryland’s may play an even increased role in environmental protection in the future.
{"title":"Maryland’s Forest Conservation Act and Critical Area Act: Extending NEPA-like Analysis to Non-Government Actions","authors":"J. Doub","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1650600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1650600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) has since 1970 functioned as an innovative, interdisciplinary planning tool for actions of the federal government. However, elements of NEPA have also entered state and local environmental planning regulations and processes over the years. The concept of interdisciplinary evaluation of alternatives established under NEPA for federal actions has thereby influenced planning of many non-federal development actions under state and local regulatory jurisdiction as well. The following paper discusses how aspects of the NEPA process may be found in two state-level environmental planning statutes established by the State of Maryland: the Maryland Forest Conservation Act and the Chesapeake Bay Critical Area Act. The former applies to development projects throughout most of Maryland, and the latter applies to development projects in lands close to Maryland’s portion of the Chesapeake Bay. If environmental planning of the type promoted by NEPA is to be successful on a macro level, then those planning objectives must be extended to non-government as well as government projects. State environmental planning statutes such as Maryland’s accomplish that purpose. Furthermore, as federal politicians continue to emphasize federalism and devolution of regulatory requirements to states and localities, state environmental planning requirements such as Maryland’s may play an even increased role in environmental protection in the future.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"106 1","pages":"132 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80741757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1654357
Betty Dehoney
Editing scientific reports to misrepresent data; stopping research intended to support policy decisions; and making important policy and legal decisions by individuals with financial and personal relationships and conflicts-of-interest without relying upon scientific input, seem to happen more frequently these days. As environmental professionals, individuals question our integrity because they do not like the conclusions reached in the analyses. The integrity (i.e., ethics) of professionals may be questioned when the studies are financed by those with an interest in the outcome.
{"title":"Ethics and responsibility","authors":"Betty Dehoney","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1654357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1654357","url":null,"abstract":"Editing scientific reports to misrepresent data; stopping research intended to support policy decisions; and making important policy and legal decisions by individuals with financial and personal relationships and conflicts-of-interest without relying upon scientific input, seem to happen more frequently these days. As environmental professionals, individuals question our integrity because they do not like the conclusions reached in the analyses. The integrity (i.e., ethics) of professionals may be questioned when the studies are financed by those with an interest in the outcome.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"43 1","pages":"106 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84130631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1601935
Madeline Brown, T. Murtha
ABSTRACT Integrating science of natural and cultural resources for landscape-scale conservation design and planning is an important effort for solving complex socioecological problems. Despite recognition that culture and nature are not distinct categories, this division remains influential in North American conservation policies, practices, and management. The North American Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) aimed to develop long-term landscape-scale conservation priorities integrating both natural and cultural resources through multi-stakeholder, regional partnerships. During 2017–2018, we conducted ethnographic fieldwork and key informant interviews with Appalachian LCC (AppLCC) partners. Here we examine the general strategies, goals, and values of the AppLCC to understand how cultural and natural resources were incorporated into partnership activities. We find that both conceptual and practical barriers exist for integrating cultural and natural resource information and values for landscape-scale conservation planning. Future large-landscape conservation partnerships looking to integrate conservation strategies would benefit from increasing the diversity of institutional representation and examining how cultural and natural resource projects are relatively prioritized. In addition, greater reflection on the ideology of conservation, theory of cultural resource management, and the value of cultural resources may improve conservation outcomes. By expanding the definition of cultural resources, greater connections with natural resource management priorities and strategies can be identified and leveraged to advance integrated conservation. These challenges and potential pathways to integrated conservation are examined through the lens of the AppLCC.
{"title":"Integrating natural and cultural resources in North American large-landscape conservation","authors":"Madeline Brown, T. Murtha","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1601935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1601935","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Integrating science of natural and cultural resources for landscape-scale conservation design and planning is an important effort for solving complex socioecological problems. Despite recognition that culture and nature are not distinct categories, this division remains influential in North American conservation policies, practices, and management. The North American Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) aimed to develop long-term landscape-scale conservation priorities integrating both natural and cultural resources through multi-stakeholder, regional partnerships. During 2017–2018, we conducted ethnographic fieldwork and key informant interviews with Appalachian LCC (AppLCC) partners. Here we examine the general strategies, goals, and values of the AppLCC to understand how cultural and natural resources were incorporated into partnership activities. We find that both conceptual and practical barriers exist for integrating cultural and natural resource information and values for landscape-scale conservation planning. Future large-landscape conservation partnerships looking to integrate conservation strategies would benefit from increasing the diversity of institutional representation and examining how cultural and natural resource projects are relatively prioritized. In addition, greater reflection on the ideology of conservation, theory of cultural resource management, and the value of cultural resources may improve conservation outcomes. By expanding the definition of cultural resources, greater connections with natural resource management priorities and strategies can be identified and leveraged to advance integrated conservation. These challenges and potential pathways to integrated conservation are examined through the lens of the AppLCC.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"52 1","pages":"57 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81104968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1596689
Sunardi, R. Febriani, Sudrajat Supian, O. Abdoellah, S. Supriatna
ABSTRACT The corporate sector plays an important role in the promotion of sustainable information and communication technology (ICT). This study aimed to understand how green computing practices have affected the economic and environmental performances of the corporate sector. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in relation to green computing indicators, for the company PT SRI in Indonesia. The results suggest that green computing practices can improve energy efficiency, thus lowering energy costs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To provide more detailed estimates, however, challenges in data provision and indicator measurability need to be resolved. We believe that green computing provides a sufficient trajectory for sustainable ICT in the corporate sector.
{"title":"Economic and environmental benefits of practicing green computing in the corporate sector in Indonesia","authors":"Sunardi, R. Febriani, Sudrajat Supian, O. Abdoellah, S. Supriatna","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1596689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1596689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The corporate sector plays an important role in the promotion of sustainable information and communication technology (ICT). This study aimed to understand how green computing practices have affected the economic and environmental performances of the corporate sector. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in relation to green computing indicators, for the company PT SRI in Indonesia. The results suggest that green computing practices can improve energy efficiency, thus lowering energy costs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To provide more detailed estimates, however, challenges in data provision and indicator measurability need to be resolved. We believe that green computing provides a sufficient trajectory for sustainable ICT in the corporate sector.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"2 1","pages":"50 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88711317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1592413
Ryan C. L. Bullock, Morrissa Boerchers, Denis Kirchhoff
ABSTRACT Our work analyzed Indigenous partnership arrangements and conditions associated with natural resource development, specifically, the capacities identified by Indigenous peoples needed to participate in resource wealth generation. The review was needed to take stock of previously understudied and new partnerships emerging in Canada’s rapidly growing natural resource sectors where cross-cultural collaboration is becoming a feature, and in some cases a requirement, of new ventures. Results illustrate nine categories of arrangements (i.e., land use/regional planning processes; IBAs; MOUs; Indigenous businesses, joint ventures; environmental assessments; revenue sharing; advisory committees; and regional economic councils) used by Indigenous communities and their partners to assert their control and derive benefits from natural resource extraction. These included highly formal and technical legal arrangements, such as Impact and Benefit Agreements, and less formal arrangements such as Memorandums of Understandings and advisory committees. Using the five capitals’ (social, human, financial, built, and natural) approach we also synthesized existing knowledge of partnership capacities and benefits. We found benefits in each of the five capital areas, most of which were forms of human capital. Employment (50%), improved decision making (46%), and also financial support (33%) were the top cited benefits. Results build to the conclusion that differences exist between capacities needed to start working together (pre-existing supporting conditions), and those built through collaboration (new or enhanced capitals as beneficial outcomes). Development models will produce more and sustainable benefits where capacity building is both an explicit process objective and outcome of new partnership designs.
{"title":"Analyzing control, capacities, and benefits in Indigenous natural resource partnerships in Canada","authors":"Ryan C. L. Bullock, Morrissa Boerchers, Denis Kirchhoff","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1592413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1592413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our work analyzed Indigenous partnership arrangements and conditions associated with natural resource development, specifically, the capacities identified by Indigenous peoples needed to participate in resource wealth generation. The review was needed to take stock of previously understudied and new partnerships emerging in Canada’s rapidly growing natural resource sectors where cross-cultural collaboration is becoming a feature, and in some cases a requirement, of new ventures. Results illustrate nine categories of arrangements (i.e., land use/regional planning processes; IBAs; MOUs; Indigenous businesses, joint ventures; environmental assessments; revenue sharing; advisory committees; and regional economic councils) used by Indigenous communities and their partners to assert their control and derive benefits from natural resource extraction. These included highly formal and technical legal arrangements, such as Impact and Benefit Agreements, and less formal arrangements such as Memorandums of Understandings and advisory committees. Using the five capitals’ (social, human, financial, built, and natural) approach we also synthesized existing knowledge of partnership capacities and benefits. We found benefits in each of the five capital areas, most of which were forms of human capital. Employment (50%), improved decision making (46%), and also financial support (33%) were the top cited benefits. Results build to the conclusion that differences exist between capacities needed to start working together (pre-existing supporting conditions), and those built through collaboration (new or enhanced capitals as beneficial outcomes). Development models will produce more and sustainable benefits where capacity building is both an explicit process objective and outcome of new partnership designs.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"6 16","pages":"85 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14660466.2019.1592413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72538668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1609848
J. Smith-Heimer, J. Hitchcock
ABSTRACT California is facing a severe housing shortage and needs to substantially increase housing production above current production levels to dampen soaring prices. Legislators have considered legal and policy changes to support increased production, including a range of incremental to sweeping changes to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) regarding its application to housing projects. There has been limited empirical analysis of how CEQA affects housing production. This study, which seeks to build empirical data, presents results from a survey of California municipalities about the choices made to conduct CEQA environmental review for housing projects proposed between 2015 to 2017, including the use of several types of streamlining and exemptions. The survey, sent to all 541 of California’s cities and counties, yielded 46 responses (9% response rate). These participating jurisdictions accounted for 54% of all multi-family residential (5+ units) building permits issued between 2010 and 2017. Survey responses indicated the Streamlining/Exemptions category was the predominant category of environmental review followed by Mitigated Negative Declarations. Only 6% of projects were reviewed by Environmental Impact Reports. Respondents selected CEQA relatively infrequently among factors constraining new supply, with high development costs, neighborhood opposition, lack of sites, and lack of affordable housing funding as more common constraints to expanding supply.
{"title":"CEQA and housing production: 2018 survey of California cities and counties","authors":"J. Smith-Heimer, J. Hitchcock","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1609848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1609848","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT California is facing a severe housing shortage and needs to substantially increase housing production above current production levels to dampen soaring prices. Legislators have considered legal and policy changes to support increased production, including a range of incremental to sweeping changes to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) regarding its application to housing projects. There has been limited empirical analysis of how CEQA affects housing production. This study, which seeks to build empirical data, presents results from a survey of California municipalities about the choices made to conduct CEQA environmental review for housing projects proposed between 2015 to 2017, including the use of several types of streamlining and exemptions. The survey, sent to all 541 of California’s cities and counties, yielded 46 responses (9% response rate). These participating jurisdictions accounted for 54% of all multi-family residential (5+ units) building permits issued between 2010 and 2017. Survey responses indicated the Streamlining/Exemptions category was the predominant category of environmental review followed by Mitigated Negative Declarations. Only 6% of projects were reviewed by Environmental Impact Reports. Respondents selected CEQA relatively infrequently among factors constraining new supply, with high development costs, neighborhood opposition, lack of sites, and lack of affordable housing funding as more common constraints to expanding supply.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"62 1","pages":"69 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80299070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14660466.2019.1590113
Daniel M. Bingham, Natalie G. Ochmanek
ABSTRACT Disregard for scientific evidence in favor of opinion and personal belief is dangerous and dominates post-truth perspectives, indicating scientists need new ways of cultivating cooperation for a healthy and sustainable future. Post-truth crises such as climate change denial and vaccine hesitancy reflect learned, non-scientific ways of thinking and so blaming proponents is unhelpful. A solution for improved dialogue may lie in the traditional Tibetan mind-training practice of “drive all blames into one,” in which blame is counterintuitively accepted and transformed into compassion through deep contemplation. The practice is rooted in the Buddhist teachings that all manifestations are empty of separate-self and interdependent, which reflect parallel scientific principles in ecology and evolutionary biology—namely, that organism and environment co-arise, and all life derives from a common ancestor. The practice brings awareness to the fact that all evidence is partial and blaming others reflects illusion of separation and ignorance of interdependence, which causes conflict and suffering. We discuss how practicing “drive all blames into one” can help to improve dialogue between scientific and post-truth perspectives.
{"title":"How the Buddhist practice of accepting blame can improve dialogue between scientific and post-truth perspectives","authors":"Daniel M. Bingham, Natalie G. Ochmanek","doi":"10.1080/14660466.2019.1590113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1590113","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disregard for scientific evidence in favor of opinion and personal belief is dangerous and dominates post-truth perspectives, indicating scientists need new ways of cultivating cooperation for a healthy and sustainable future. Post-truth crises such as climate change denial and vaccine hesitancy reflect learned, non-scientific ways of thinking and so blaming proponents is unhelpful. A solution for improved dialogue may lie in the traditional Tibetan mind-training practice of “drive all blames into one,” in which blame is counterintuitively accepted and transformed into compassion through deep contemplation. The practice is rooted in the Buddhist teachings that all manifestations are empty of separate-self and interdependent, which reflect parallel scientific principles in ecology and evolutionary biology—namely, that organism and environment co-arise, and all life derives from a common ancestor. The practice brings awareness to the fact that all evidence is partial and blaming others reflects illusion of separation and ignorance of interdependence, which causes conflict and suffering. We discuss how practicing “drive all blames into one” can help to improve dialogue between scientific and post-truth perspectives.","PeriodicalId":45250,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"100 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84456367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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