Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2260654
Yayuk Yuliati, Edi Dwi Cahyono, Rizky Maulana, None Arissaryadin
AbstractThis study investigates the gender dimensions of Indonesia’s Community-based Forest Management (CBFM) extension program. It employs a mixed-method approach to examine women’s participation and benefits, highlighting gender biases in the extension. The findings reveal significant social capital within the CBFM group, while also identifying persistent gender exclusion in the extension process. Limited female participation in planning and evaluation, along with moderate scores in implementation and perceived benefits, indicate a neglect of women forest farmers in the extension intervention. Prioritizing women’s inclusion and empowerment, particularly through recognizing and involving them in the innovation process, proves to be as effective, if not more, than solely targeting men. While specific to this program and area, these findings inform future interventions addressing gender exclusion in community forest extension. Emphasizing gender-transformative approaches is crucial for meaningful innovation and the adoption of extension services.Keywords: Gender exclusioncommunity-based forest managementsocial capitalparticipationprogram extension AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the participants of the study for their time and invaluable insights, as well as all individuals who assisted in data collection during the study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis study was undertaken as part of, and funded by, the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brwijaya, Indonesia. The contents are the authors’ responsibilities and do not reflect the views of the funding agency.Notes on contributorsYayuk YuliatiYayuk Yuliati is a Professor at the University of Brawijaya, specializing in the field of Agricultural Sociology, with a particular emphasis on Gender and Development. Her research focuses on understanding the role of gender dynamics and equality in agricultural practices and rural development.Edi Dwi CahyonoEdi Dwi Cahyono an Associate Professor of Agricultural Extension and Communication at the University of Brawijaya, focuses his recent research on studying farmer and stakeholders’ behaviors with a strong emphasis on sustainability. He also explores techno-social innovations and investigates various transformation methods.Rizky MaulanaRizky Maulana has recently completed a Master’s degree program in Sociology at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. His research includes studying gender and social capital. ArissaryadinArissaryadin who recently completed a doctoral program at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, is currently working at the Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering of Bima, Indonesia. His recent research focused on studying the factors that drive extension workers’ motivation and developing self-efficacy instruments for farmers.
{"title":"Gender exclusion in Indonesia’s community-based forest management extension program","authors":"Yayuk Yuliati, Edi Dwi Cahyono, Rizky Maulana, None Arissaryadin","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2023.2260654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2260654","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis study investigates the gender dimensions of Indonesia’s Community-based Forest Management (CBFM) extension program. It employs a mixed-method approach to examine women’s participation and benefits, highlighting gender biases in the extension. The findings reveal significant social capital within the CBFM group, while also identifying persistent gender exclusion in the extension process. Limited female participation in planning and evaluation, along with moderate scores in implementation and perceived benefits, indicate a neglect of women forest farmers in the extension intervention. Prioritizing women’s inclusion and empowerment, particularly through recognizing and involving them in the innovation process, proves to be as effective, if not more, than solely targeting men. While specific to this program and area, these findings inform future interventions addressing gender exclusion in community forest extension. Emphasizing gender-transformative approaches is crucial for meaningful innovation and the adoption of extension services.Keywords: Gender exclusioncommunity-based forest managementsocial capitalparticipationprogram extension AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the participants of the study for their time and invaluable insights, as well as all individuals who assisted in data collection during the study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis study was undertaken as part of, and funded by, the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brwijaya, Indonesia. The contents are the authors’ responsibilities and do not reflect the views of the funding agency.Notes on contributorsYayuk YuliatiYayuk Yuliati is a Professor at the University of Brawijaya, specializing in the field of Agricultural Sociology, with a particular emphasis on Gender and Development. Her research focuses on understanding the role of gender dynamics and equality in agricultural practices and rural development.Edi Dwi CahyonoEdi Dwi Cahyono an Associate Professor of Agricultural Extension and Communication at the University of Brawijaya, focuses his recent research on studying farmer and stakeholders’ behaviors with a strong emphasis on sustainability. He also explores techno-social innovations and investigates various transformation methods.Rizky MaulanaRizky Maulana has recently completed a Master’s degree program in Sociology at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. His research includes studying gender and social capital. ArissaryadinArissaryadin who recently completed a doctoral program at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, is currently working at the Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering of Bima, Indonesia. His recent research focused on studying the factors that drive extension workers’ motivation and developing self-efficacy instruments for farmers.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2260655
E. Karki, A. Chaudhary, A. Sharma, P. Timsina, R. Sharma, A. Leipzig, B. Brown
AbstractWomen’s participation in agriculture is increasing in the Eastern Gangetic Plains due to various external drivers, but they continue to play a limited role in agricultural decision-making. Yet there is limited understanding of the perspectives of spouses in male-headed households post-technology adoption. To understand post-technology adoption experiences of spouses, we conducted qualitative and semi-structured individual interviews with household heads and their spouses in 47 households. This approach aimed to understand their perception on recent adoption of conservation agriculture and its influence on their socio-economic status and roles in agricultural production. Both household heads and their spouses tended to prioritize technological benefits, status change, changing roles and responsibilities at the household level as important contributions/aspects of new conservation agriculture practices. However, upon deeper inspection, women had limited mechanistic understanding compared to men, and their use of free time was situation dependent with location-specific opportunities for women to upskill. Efforts to reduce the information gap and incorporate their technological preferences and needs into future promotional activities are necessary to improve women’s participation in decision-making. Similarly, opportunities to upskill can provide potential opportunities for women to realize their personal aspirations and have a positive influence on their household and community.Keywords: Genderdecision-makingsustainable intensificationfarmer resource allocationconservation agriculture AcknowledgmentsWe are thankful to the 94 respondents who gave their time for this research. We are thankful to the transcribers and members of our local partner organizations (Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Satmile Satish Club O Pathagar, Department of Agriculture, Sabuj Mitra Krishak Sangha and Sabuj Bahini, Gourangapur Farmers Club in West Bengal; Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute [BARI] and Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service [RDRS] in Bangladesh; Bihar Agricultural University [BAU] in Bihar; Nepal Agricultural Research Council [NARC] in Nepal) in assisting the team during data collection. We would like to thank Prof. Sucharita Sen for her very useful comments on earlier versions of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Ethical approvalThis research was passed by CIMMYT internal review ethics board and approved as low risk research (IREC-2019.010).Data availability statementAnonymized Data can be made available on reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis research is funded by the Australian Centre for International Research via CSE/2011/077.Notes on contributorsE. KarkiEmma Karki is a Senior Research Analyst at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) based in Kathmandu, Nepal. At CIMMYT, she is currently working on the Sustainable and Resilient Farming System In
{"title":"What agricultural transition means for women in male-headed households in South Asia: an in-depth exploration of intrahousehold evaluation processes","authors":"E. Karki, A. Chaudhary, A. Sharma, P. Timsina, R. Sharma, A. Leipzig, B. Brown","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2023.2260655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2260655","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractWomen’s participation in agriculture is increasing in the Eastern Gangetic Plains due to various external drivers, but they continue to play a limited role in agricultural decision-making. Yet there is limited understanding of the perspectives of spouses in male-headed households post-technology adoption. To understand post-technology adoption experiences of spouses, we conducted qualitative and semi-structured individual interviews with household heads and their spouses in 47 households. This approach aimed to understand their perception on recent adoption of conservation agriculture and its influence on their socio-economic status and roles in agricultural production. Both household heads and their spouses tended to prioritize technological benefits, status change, changing roles and responsibilities at the household level as important contributions/aspects of new conservation agriculture practices. However, upon deeper inspection, women had limited mechanistic understanding compared to men, and their use of free time was situation dependent with location-specific opportunities for women to upskill. Efforts to reduce the information gap and incorporate their technological preferences and needs into future promotional activities are necessary to improve women’s participation in decision-making. Similarly, opportunities to upskill can provide potential opportunities for women to realize their personal aspirations and have a positive influence on their household and community.Keywords: Genderdecision-makingsustainable intensificationfarmer resource allocationconservation agriculture AcknowledgmentsWe are thankful to the 94 respondents who gave their time for this research. We are thankful to the transcribers and members of our local partner organizations (Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Satmile Satish Club O Pathagar, Department of Agriculture, Sabuj Mitra Krishak Sangha and Sabuj Bahini, Gourangapur Farmers Club in West Bengal; Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute [BARI] and Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service [RDRS] in Bangladesh; Bihar Agricultural University [BAU] in Bihar; Nepal Agricultural Research Council [NARC] in Nepal) in assisting the team during data collection. We would like to thank Prof. Sucharita Sen for her very useful comments on earlier versions of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Ethical approvalThis research was passed by CIMMYT internal review ethics board and approved as low risk research (IREC-2019.010).Data availability statementAnonymized Data can be made available on reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis research is funded by the Australian Centre for International Research via CSE/2011/077.Notes on contributorsE. KarkiEmma Karki is a Senior Research Analyst at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) based in Kathmandu, Nepal. At CIMMYT, she is currently working on the Sustainable and Resilient Farming System In","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2260651
Pauline Baudens, Anu Masso, Ralf-Martin Soe
This paper investigates the shift in (im)mobility through the digitalization of practices, based on the views of women working in a multinational IT company in Pune, India. The digital phenomenon, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, influences all areas of society, pushing forward the online economy and transforming daily strategies by facilitating mobility and enabling immobility. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 digitally active female participants to determine the role of digital tools in transforming their daily planning strategy, and in motivating their (im)mobility decision. The results demonstrated that the evolution of commuting practices and the adoption of digital platform solutions, as seen by the women themselves, were closely related to their desire for comfortable mobility implying time control and optimization to better complete professional and household duties. The task of driving appeared to be the main avoidance due to inevitable hectic traffic, favoring the use of taxis or company cabs presuming financial status. A preference was given to work from home, and basically to immobility as mobility was regarded as time-consuming. Overall, these digitally privileged women carried out diverse (im)mobility strategies according to their perceptions and multiple structural factors.
{"title":"Women’s (im)mobility strategies and digital platform adoption: the case study of employees doing desk work in Pune, India","authors":"Pauline Baudens, Anu Masso, Ralf-Martin Soe","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2023.2260651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2260651","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the shift in (im)mobility through the digitalization of practices, based on the views of women working in a multinational IT company in Pune, India. The digital phenomenon, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, influences all areas of society, pushing forward the online economy and transforming daily strategies by facilitating mobility and enabling immobility. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 digitally active female participants to determine the role of digital tools in transforming their daily planning strategy, and in motivating their (im)mobility decision. The results demonstrated that the evolution of commuting practices and the adoption of digital platform solutions, as seen by the women themselves, were closely related to their desire for comfortable mobility implying time control and optimization to better complete professional and household duties. The task of driving appeared to be the main avoidance due to inevitable hectic traffic, favoring the use of taxis or company cabs presuming financial status. A preference was given to work from home, and basically to immobility as mobility was regarded as time-consuming. Overall, these digitally privileged women carried out diverse (im)mobility strategies according to their perceptions and multiple structural factors.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2204631
Olanrewaju Adewole Adediran
AbstractMuch of the existing literature contends that income is a key determinant of women’s autonomy. Yet the causal connection between income and women’s autonomy is difficult to pin down, given the obvious endogeneity bias that may arise from reverse causality and omitting confounding variables correlated with income and women’s autonomy measures. The study assigned a treatment based on the age discontinuity in eligibility for Old Age Pension (OAP) income transfer to investigate the causal effect of income on women’s autonomy. Using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) and a quantile treatment effect, the study found that women’s autonomy responds to changes in income. Moreover, the results from these alternative specifications confirm that the OAP income transfer effect is heterogeneous across the index of women’s autonomy distribution. Specifically, the quantile treatment effect evaluation shows that income transfer has no effect among women with a high degree of autonomy and a low degree of autonomy. However, it bolsters the autonomy that ranges between these extremes.Keywords: Women’s autonomyold age pension transferregression discontinuity design (RDD)quantile treatment effect (QTE) AcknowledgementThe greater part of this article’s contents came from my PhD thesis submitted to the University of Witwatersrand (Wits). Therefore, this publication acknowledges the university’s rights and confirms that there is no conflict of interest regarding the copyright of the thesis.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The requirement for a means test is as follows: an individual household must not earn more than R172560 for married persons or R86280 for a single person to be a beneficiary. In addition, assets must not be worth more than R455200 for a married couple or R1227600 for a single person. Since a means test is compulsory for administrative purposes, the question is whether we can allocate individuals to treatment without it. However, OAP may increase for beneficiaries from R1860 at age 60. At age 75 and above, beneficiaries will receive R1880. For more detailed information see: South African Government (Citation2019) Old age pension retrieved from the website: https://www.gov.za/services/social-benefits-retirement-and-old-age/old-age-pensionAlthough Ambler (Citation2016) suggested that a means test is not mandatory for most South African blacks, the age of eligibility is compulsory.2 Bergmann (Citation1995) and Pollak (Citation2002) view Becker's theory as having unrealistic conclusions in his paper titled “Becker's Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions," and other feminist economists come to a similar conclusion.3 For more detail see Becker (Citation1981)4 For detail see Chiappori (Citation1992)5 See McElroy and Horney (Citation1990) for more detail6 Interested readers are referred to Frandsen et al. (Citation2012) for details on the model and applications.7 Quantile treatment e
{"title":"Women’s autonomy and old age pension transfer in South Africa","authors":"Olanrewaju Adewole Adediran","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2023.2204631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2204631","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractMuch of the existing literature contends that income is a key determinant of women’s autonomy. Yet the causal connection between income and women’s autonomy is difficult to pin down, given the obvious endogeneity bias that may arise from reverse causality and omitting confounding variables correlated with income and women’s autonomy measures. The study assigned a treatment based on the age discontinuity in eligibility for Old Age Pension (OAP) income transfer to investigate the causal effect of income on women’s autonomy. Using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) and a quantile treatment effect, the study found that women’s autonomy responds to changes in income. Moreover, the results from these alternative specifications confirm that the OAP income transfer effect is heterogeneous across the index of women’s autonomy distribution. Specifically, the quantile treatment effect evaluation shows that income transfer has no effect among women with a high degree of autonomy and a low degree of autonomy. However, it bolsters the autonomy that ranges between these extremes.Keywords: Women’s autonomyold age pension transferregression discontinuity design (RDD)quantile treatment effect (QTE) AcknowledgementThe greater part of this article’s contents came from my PhD thesis submitted to the University of Witwatersrand (Wits). Therefore, this publication acknowledges the university’s rights and confirms that there is no conflict of interest regarding the copyright of the thesis.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The requirement for a means test is as follows: an individual household must not earn more than R172560 for married persons or R86280 for a single person to be a beneficiary. In addition, assets must not be worth more than R455200 for a married couple or R1227600 for a single person. Since a means test is compulsory for administrative purposes, the question is whether we can allocate individuals to treatment without it. However, OAP may increase for beneficiaries from R1860 at age 60. At age 75 and above, beneficiaries will receive R1880. For more detailed information see: South African Government (Citation2019) Old age pension retrieved from the website: https://www.gov.za/services/social-benefits-retirement-and-old-age/old-age-pensionAlthough Ambler (Citation2016) suggested that a means test is not mandatory for most South African blacks, the age of eligibility is compulsory.2 Bergmann (Citation1995) and Pollak (Citation2002) view Becker's theory as having unrealistic conclusions in his paper titled “Becker's Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions,\" and other feminist economists come to a similar conclusion.3 For more detail see Becker (Citation1981)4 For detail see Chiappori (Citation1992)5 See McElroy and Horney (Citation1990) for more detail6 Interested readers are referred to Frandsen et al. (Citation2012) for details on the model and applications.7 Quantile treatment e","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2260656
Rejula K., Ashaletha S., A. Suresh, Nikita Gopal, Amulya Kumar Mohanty
AbstractWomen are predominantly engaged in postharvest fisheries and comprise about 75% of those engaged in fish marketing in India. The roles performed by fisherwomen are often not recognized. With the recent penetration of technology, mechanization, and capital orientation in fishing and fish vending, the business atmosphere has further turned against the interests of women. Women have to face competition in accessing fish, availing a prospective selling space, locating customers at their preferred time, and to adjust with the changing consumer preference to provide fish in a ready-to-cook form. With this background, a study was undertaken among women fish vendors of the south Indian state of Kerala, to analyze their access to inputs and services and to collect gender-disaggregated data. A large level of regional variation was observed in terms of the involvement of women in fish vending owing to established cultural norms. There exists skewed access to inputs and services like fish, credit, ice, infrastructure facilities, transportation, and storage facilities for women in the state. Women with poor social and economic networking were less privileged to have an incremental income from their traditional fish vending. There was a clear indication of the influence of financial capabilities such as employment days, volume, and variety of fish handled in determining the daily income of vendors. The inability to invest in fish vending activities was found to influence daily revenue. We recommend the convergent efforts of various organizations to enhance the livelihood status of fisherwomenKeywords: Genderfish vendingaccessinputsservices Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Women fish vendors in Kerala, India: an analytical study of access to inputs and services","authors":"Rejula K., Ashaletha S., A. Suresh, Nikita Gopal, Amulya Kumar Mohanty","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2023.2260656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2260656","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractWomen are predominantly engaged in postharvest fisheries and comprise about 75% of those engaged in fish marketing in India. The roles performed by fisherwomen are often not recognized. With the recent penetration of technology, mechanization, and capital orientation in fishing and fish vending, the business atmosphere has further turned against the interests of women. Women have to face competition in accessing fish, availing a prospective selling space, locating customers at their preferred time, and to adjust with the changing consumer preference to provide fish in a ready-to-cook form. With this background, a study was undertaken among women fish vendors of the south Indian state of Kerala, to analyze their access to inputs and services and to collect gender-disaggregated data. A large level of regional variation was observed in terms of the involvement of women in fish vending owing to established cultural norms. There exists skewed access to inputs and services like fish, credit, ice, infrastructure facilities, transportation, and storage facilities for women in the state. Women with poor social and economic networking were less privileged to have an incremental income from their traditional fish vending. There was a clear indication of the influence of financial capabilities such as employment days, volume, and variety of fish handled in determining the daily income of vendors. The inability to invest in fish vending activities was found to influence daily revenue. We recommend the convergent efforts of various organizations to enhance the livelihood status of fisherwomenKeywords: Genderfish vendingaccessinputsservices Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2231791
Tracy Fehr
Abstract This study brings a critical feminist approach to intersectional disaster research. It draws on qualitative research conducted in Nepal’s mid-hill region to centralize the experiences of widows, or single women, during and after the 2015 earthquakes. Through an intersectional lens, I deconstruct the monolithic experience of widowhood in Nepal to examine the messiness of reality and the possibility of different or even contradictory experiences in a post-disaster context. Intertwining social identities and factors beyond the trifecta of gender, marital status, and caste—such as family support, age, location, education, class, migration, property ownership, citizenship, experience in the public sphere, and NGO support—create a complex constellation of intersectionality that determined single women’s post-earthquake experiences and their access to post-disaster recovery. I find that the government’s post-earthquake housing reconstruction relief, which was predicated on property ownership, added a layer of systematic discrimination for many single women. Simultaneously, the post-earthquake development context provided a space for some single women to unite in a collective identity, facilitating a shift of longstanding stigma and an emerging renegotiation of what it means to “be a widow” in Nepal.
{"title":"The multiplicity, contradictions, and shifting status of widowhood in post-earthquake Nepal","authors":"Tracy Fehr","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2023.2231791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2231791","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study brings a critical feminist approach to intersectional disaster research. It draws on qualitative research conducted in Nepal’s mid-hill region to centralize the experiences of widows, or single women, during and after the 2015 earthquakes. Through an intersectional lens, I deconstruct the monolithic experience of widowhood in Nepal to examine the messiness of reality and the possibility of different or even contradictory experiences in a post-disaster context. Intertwining social identities and factors beyond the trifecta of gender, marital status, and caste—such as family support, age, location, education, class, migration, property ownership, citizenship, experience in the public sphere, and NGO support—create a complex constellation of intersectionality that determined single women’s post-earthquake experiences and their access to post-disaster recovery. I find that the government’s post-earthquake housing reconstruction relief, which was predicated on property ownership, added a layer of systematic discrimination for many single women. Simultaneously, the post-earthquake development context provided a space for some single women to unite in a collective identity, facilitating a shift of longstanding stigma and an emerging renegotiation of what it means to “be a widow” in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46368594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2219014
Bhavya Suri, H. Gartaula
Abstract An effective seed system gives all farmers access to quality seed, reliable information, and up-to-date knowledge of improved varieties and seed practices. Despite significant progress in developing improved wheat varieties, many of these improved varieties have not reached the farmers, especially women, poor, and marginalized farmers. Taking the case of a district in Bihar, India, this paper finds that the existing wheat seed delivery system largely ignores the potential of women farmers to play a significant role in seed production, distribution, or adoption; and that farmer feedback mechanisms are almost non-existent, especially among women. Using a small-scale, mixed, inductive, and broad-based research design, the paper suggests measures for gender-responsive seed delivery systems: improved access to information, especially to women and marginal farmers; promoting women-led groups (like JEEViKA) for their better engagement and empowerment; educating village retailers; developing mechanisms for better collaboration with bigger private seed companies; and increased collaboration among seed stakeholders.
{"title":"Examining the wheat seed delivery system in Bihar, India, using a gender lens","authors":"Bhavya Suri, H. Gartaula","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2023.2219014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2219014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An effective seed system gives all farmers access to quality seed, reliable information, and up-to-date knowledge of improved varieties and seed practices. Despite significant progress in developing improved wheat varieties, many of these improved varieties have not reached the farmers, especially women, poor, and marginalized farmers. Taking the case of a district in Bihar, India, this paper finds that the existing wheat seed delivery system largely ignores the potential of women farmers to play a significant role in seed production, distribution, or adoption; and that farmer feedback mechanisms are almost non-existent, especially among women. Using a small-scale, mixed, inductive, and broad-based research design, the paper suggests measures for gender-responsive seed delivery systems: improved access to information, especially to women and marginal farmers; promoting women-led groups (like JEEViKA) for their better engagement and empowerment; educating village retailers; developing mechanisms for better collaboration with bigger private seed companies; and increased collaboration among seed stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43406035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-03DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2204632
Kate Sinclair, Alexandra Bastidas Granja, T. Thompson-Colón, Eucaris Olaya, Sara Eloísa Del Castillo Matamoros, H. Melgar-Quiñonez
Abstract There is limited qualitative research to support the use of the most common conceptualizations and operationalizations of women’s autonomy, especially in the Latin American context and even more so for Indigenous populations. This study uses photovoice, a photography-based Participatory Action Research method, to conduct a qualitative assessment of how female Indigenous smallholding farmers from Nariño, Colombia, define women’s autonomy and which factors facilitate and hinder their autonomy. Results show that women felt autonomous when: a) they were free to make decisions important to them and to express themselves; b) they had opportunities to be economically independent doing work they valued; and c) their cultural and collective autonomy was effectively protected. Significant barriers to autonomy included issues related to colonization, the devaluation of women’s work, machismo culture, limited access to education (traditional and formal), and unjust employment opportunities. The use of Photovoice proved to be a valuable qualitative approach for studying this particular group by empowering participating Indigenous women to share their experiences, perspectives, and knowledge. The results from this study can inform local policies and programs, improve the interpretation of quantitative results from similar contexts, and facilitate the development of quantitative tools to measure women’s autonomy more effectively.
{"title":"Autonomy among Indigenous women in Rural Colombia: “free to be, think, and act in our territory”","authors":"Kate Sinclair, Alexandra Bastidas Granja, T. Thompson-Colón, Eucaris Olaya, Sara Eloísa Del Castillo Matamoros, H. Melgar-Quiñonez","doi":"10.1080/09718524.2023.2204632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2023.2204632","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is limited qualitative research to support the use of the most common conceptualizations and operationalizations of women’s autonomy, especially in the Latin American context and even more so for Indigenous populations. This study uses photovoice, a photography-based Participatory Action Research method, to conduct a qualitative assessment of how female Indigenous smallholding farmers from Nariño, Colombia, define women’s autonomy and which factors facilitate and hinder their autonomy. Results show that women felt autonomous when: a) they were free to make decisions important to them and to express themselves; b) they had opportunities to be economically independent doing work they valued; and c) their cultural and collective autonomy was effectively protected. Significant barriers to autonomy included issues related to colonization, the devaluation of women’s work, machismo culture, limited access to education (traditional and formal), and unjust employment opportunities. The use of Photovoice proved to be a valuable qualitative approach for studying this particular group by empowering participating Indigenous women to share their experiences, perspectives, and knowledge. The results from this study can inform local policies and programs, improve the interpretation of quantitative results from similar contexts, and facilitate the development of quantitative tools to measure women’s autonomy more effectively.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n2a6
Mohammed Xolile Ntshangase, Shonisani Cydna Ntshangase
Teenage pregnancy is one of the common problems that is indiscriminately present in all schools. With teenage pregnancy manifesting in all schools, a lot of focus and support regarding this issue is given to female students (girls), while none is given to male students. Literature will be reviewed during this study as a methodological approach. It is an underlying assumption of this research that the spirit of feminism could be blamed as a motivation for this one-sided focus and support. However, this paper argues that in a proper approach to parenting at any level, it makes no sense to support one victim of teenage pregnancy while there are two victims. Since scholars like Scott and Salvi have scratched the surface of this issue of teenage pregnancy, it is worth taking the discussion further because they tackle the issue from a more feminist perspective. Their feminist approach to this issue makes them focus more on the impact it has on females than males. It is the major aim of this paper to focus on the ignored perspective of teenage pregnancy. The psychoanalytic rationality approach adopts an analytic theoretical framework to critically argue that it is not enough to use a narrow feministic approach that envisages only female students as the only victims of teenage pregnancy. Perhaps the bias in analysing and understanding this crucial issue that has affected many lives comes from the fact that only women physically bear the baby in their wombs while men remain with no physical manifestation of pregnancy. As Ntshangase argued that feminism should be properly conceptualised as a rational framework to cater for both existential coordinates known as male and female, this paper argues for a proper feministic approach to be adequately applied to this issue of teenage pregnancy.
{"title":"Psychoanalytic Rationality: A Critique of the Improper Feminist Approach to Teenage Pregnancy","authors":"Mohammed Xolile Ntshangase, Shonisani Cydna Ntshangase","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n2a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n2a6","url":null,"abstract":"Teenage pregnancy is one of the common problems that is indiscriminately present in all schools. With teenage pregnancy manifesting in all schools, a lot of focus and support regarding this issue is given to female students (girls), while none is given to male students. Literature will be reviewed during this study as a methodological approach. It is an underlying assumption of this research that the spirit of feminism could be blamed as a motivation for this one-sided focus and support. However, this paper argues that in a proper approach to parenting at any level, it makes no sense to support one victim of teenage pregnancy while there are two victims. Since scholars like Scott and Salvi have scratched the surface of this issue of teenage pregnancy, it is worth taking the discussion further because they tackle the issue from a more feminist perspective. Their feminist approach to this issue makes them focus more on the impact it has on females than males. It is the major aim of this paper to focus on the ignored perspective of teenage pregnancy. The psychoanalytic rationality approach adopts an analytic theoretical framework to critically argue that it is not enough to use a narrow feministic approach that envisages only female students as the only victims of teenage pregnancy. Perhaps the bias in analysing and understanding this crucial issue that has affected many lives comes from the fact that only women physically bear the baby in their wombs while men remain with no physical manifestation of pregnancy. As Ntshangase argued that feminism should be properly conceptualised as a rational framework to cater for both existential coordinates known as male and female, this paper argues for a proper feministic approach to be adequately applied to this issue of teenage pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76698008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n2a7
Arthur Moraka Shopola, Mamonare Malapane, Kenneth Nokele
The question of women’s development and empowerment is not new in the world. As such, there has been an increasing awareness of the matter, especially that development has had a differential impact on power relations in society, usually to the disadvantage of women. For countless times, the world has had many pro–women empowerment measures and proclamations made by various governments and continental and domestic agencies, but women continue to be overlooked in crucial spheres of life such as politics, law, education, and training, as well as working environments. This paper used a desktop review method to first, identify the underlying factors behind power differentials between men and women in leadership and society at large, and second, examine how such factors compound gender inequality in South African polity. The discussion shows that South Africa’s and the African continent’s experience with women's empowerment and recognition in the political landscape still exhibits gender disproportions with which the compounding factors cannot be differentiated. These include, inter alia, the inconsistent application of a political will to keep women in leadership spaces and the existence of patriarchal systems embedded in many African cultural practises. The paper concluded by strongly arguing that any development that is based on patriarchy is anti–development and must be rejected. Any efforts made to elevate women in to positions of power would mean an end to the old question of gender inequality, but this requires serious, deliberate policy interventions and implementation.
{"title":"Women Development and Empowerment in South African Polity","authors":"Arthur Moraka Shopola, Mamonare Malapane, Kenneth Nokele","doi":"10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n2a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n2a7","url":null,"abstract":"The question of women’s development and empowerment is not new in the world. As such, there has been an increasing awareness of the matter, especially that development has had a differential impact on power relations in society, usually to the disadvantage of women. For countless times, the world has had many pro–women empowerment measures and proclamations made by various governments and continental and domestic agencies, but women continue to be overlooked in crucial spheres of life such as politics, law, education, and training, as well as working environments. This paper used a desktop review method to first, identify the underlying factors behind power differentials between men and women in leadership and society at large, and second, examine how such factors compound gender inequality in South African polity. The discussion shows that South Africa’s and the African continent’s experience with women's empowerment and recognition in the political landscape still exhibits gender disproportions with which the compounding factors cannot be differentiated. These include, inter alia, the inconsistent application of a political will to keep women in leadership spaces and the existence of patriarchal systems embedded in many African cultural practises. The paper concluded by strongly arguing that any development that is based on patriarchy is anti–development and must be rejected. Any efforts made to elevate women in to positions of power would mean an end to the old question of gender inequality, but this requires serious, deliberate policy interventions and implementation.","PeriodicalId":45357,"journal":{"name":"Gender Technology & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89167891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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