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Gender exclusion in Indonesia’s community-based forest management extension program 印度尼西亚以社区为基础的森林管理推广项目中的性别排斥
Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2260654
Yayuk Yuliati, Edi Dwi Cahyono, Rizky Maulana, None Arissaryadin
AbstractThis study investigates the gender dimensions of Indonesia’s Community-based Forest Management (CBFM) extension program. It employs a mixed-method approach to examine women’s participation and benefits, highlighting gender biases in the extension. The findings reveal significant social capital within the CBFM group, while also identifying persistent gender exclusion in the extension process. Limited female participation in planning and evaluation, along with moderate scores in implementation and perceived benefits, indicate a neglect of women forest farmers in the extension intervention. Prioritizing women’s inclusion and empowerment, particularly through recognizing and involving them in the innovation process, proves to be as effective, if not more, than solely targeting men. While specific to this program and area, these findings inform future interventions addressing gender exclusion in community forest extension. Emphasizing gender-transformative approaches is crucial for meaningful innovation and the adoption of extension services.Keywords: Gender exclusioncommunity-based forest managementsocial capitalparticipationprogram extension AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the participants of the study for their time and invaluable insights, as well as all individuals who assisted in data collection during the study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis study was undertaken as part of, and funded by, the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brwijaya, Indonesia. The contents are the authors’ responsibilities and do not reflect the views of the funding agency.Notes on contributorsYayuk YuliatiYayuk Yuliati is a Professor at the University of Brawijaya, specializing in the field of Agricultural Sociology, with a particular emphasis on Gender and Development. Her research focuses on understanding the role of gender dynamics and equality in agricultural practices and rural development.Edi Dwi CahyonoEdi Dwi Cahyono an Associate Professor of Agricultural Extension and Communication at the University of Brawijaya, focuses his recent research on studying farmer and stakeholders’ behaviors with a strong emphasis on sustainability. He also explores techno-social innovations and investigates various transformation methods.Rizky MaulanaRizky Maulana has recently completed a Master’s degree program in Sociology at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. His research includes studying gender and social capital. ArissaryadinArissaryadin who recently completed a doctoral program at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, is currently working at the Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering of Bima, Indonesia. His recent research focused on studying the factors that drive extension workers’ motivation and developing self-efficacy instruments for farmers.
摘要本研究探讨印尼社区森林管理(CBFM)推广计划的性别维度。它采用混合方法来审查妇女的参与和利益,突出了推广中的性别偏见。研究结果揭示了CBFM群体中存在显著的社会资本,同时也确定了在推广过程中持续存在的性别排斥。妇女参与规划和评价的程度有限,加上在实施和感知效益方面得分不高,表明在推广干预中忽视了林农妇女。优先考虑妇女的参与和赋予她们权力,特别是通过承认她们并使她们参与创新进程,证明与只针对男性同样有效,甚至更有效。虽然这些发现仅针对该项目和地区,但为未来解决社区森林扩展中性别排斥的干预措施提供了信息。强调改变性别的方法对于有意义的创新和采用推广服务至关重要。关键词:性别排斥以社区为基础的森林管理社会资本参与项目推广致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究是印度尼西亚布威加亚大学农业学院的一部分,并由其资助。内容是作者的责任,不反映资助机构的观点。yayuk Yuliati是布拉维贾亚大学的教授,专门研究农业社会学领域,特别强调性别与发展。她的研究重点是理解性别动态和平等在农业实践和农村发展中的作用。Edi Dwi Cahyono是巴西布拉维贾亚大学农业推广与传播副教授,他最近的研究重点是研究农民和利益相关者的行为,并强调可持续性。他还探索科技社会创新,研究各种转型方法。arizky Maulana最近在巴西布拉维贾亚大学农学院获得社会学硕士学位。他的研究包括性别和社会资本。arissaryadin最近完成了布拉维贾亚大学农学院的博士课程,目前在印度尼西亚比马工程学院土木工程系工作。他最近的研究重点是研究驱动推广人员动机的因素,并为农民开发自我效能感工具。
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引用次数: 0
What agricultural transition means for women in male-headed households in South Asia: an in-depth exploration of intrahousehold evaluation processes 农业转型对南亚男性户主家庭中的妇女意味着什么:对家庭内部评价过程的深入探索
Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2260655
E. Karki, A. Chaudhary, A. Sharma, P. Timsina, R. Sharma, A. Leipzig, B. Brown
AbstractWomen’s participation in agriculture is increasing in the Eastern Gangetic Plains due to various external drivers, but they continue to play a limited role in agricultural decision-making. Yet there is limited understanding of the perspectives of spouses in male-headed households post-technology adoption. To understand post-technology adoption experiences of spouses, we conducted qualitative and semi-structured individual interviews with household heads and their spouses in 47 households. This approach aimed to understand their perception on recent adoption of conservation agriculture and its influence on their socio-economic status and roles in agricultural production. Both household heads and their spouses tended to prioritize technological benefits, status change, changing roles and responsibilities at the household level as important contributions/aspects of new conservation agriculture practices. However, upon deeper inspection, women had limited mechanistic understanding compared to men, and their use of free time was situation dependent with location-specific opportunities for women to upskill. Efforts to reduce the information gap and incorporate their technological preferences and needs into future promotional activities are necessary to improve women’s participation in decision-making. Similarly, opportunities to upskill can provide potential opportunities for women to realize their personal aspirations and have a positive influence on their household and community.Keywords: Genderdecision-makingsustainable intensificationfarmer resource allocationconservation agriculture AcknowledgmentsWe are thankful to the 94 respondents who gave their time for this research. We are thankful to the transcribers and members of our local partner organizations (Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Satmile Satish Club O Pathagar, Department of Agriculture, Sabuj Mitra Krishak Sangha and Sabuj Bahini, Gourangapur Farmers Club in West Bengal; Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute [BARI] and Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service [RDRS] in Bangladesh; Bihar Agricultural University [BAU] in Bihar; Nepal Agricultural Research Council [NARC] in Nepal) in assisting the team during data collection. We would like to thank Prof. Sucharita Sen for her very useful comments on earlier versions of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Ethical approvalThis research was passed by CIMMYT internal review ethics board and approved as low risk research (IREC-2019.010).Data availability statementAnonymized Data can be made available on reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis research is funded by the Australian Centre for International Research via CSE/2011/077.Notes on contributorsE. KarkiEmma Karki is a Senior Research Analyst at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) based in Kathmandu, Nepal. At CIMMYT, she is currently working on the Sustainable and Resilient Farming System In
摘要恒河平原东部地区女性农业参与率在多种外部驱动因素的作用下不断提高,但在农业决策中发挥的作用仍然有限。然而,人们对技术采用后男性户主家庭中配偶观点的理解有限。为了了解配偶采用技术后的经历,我们对47个家庭的户主及其配偶进行了定性和半结构化的个人访谈。这种方法的目的是了解他们对最近采用保护性农业的看法及其对他们的社会经济地位和在农业生产中的作用的影响。户主及其配偶都倾向于优先考虑技术利益、地位变化、在家庭一级改变角色和责任,作为新的保护性农业做法的重要贡献/方面。然而,深入观察后发现,与男性相比,女性对机械的理解有限,她们对空闲时间的利用取决于具体情况,取决于妇女提高技能的具体地点机会。必须努力缩小信息差距并将她们的技术偏好和需要纳入今后的宣传活动,以改善妇女参与决策。同样,提高技能的机会可以为妇女提供实现其个人愿望的潜在机会,并对其家庭和社区产生积极影响。关键词:性别决策;可持续集约化;农民资源配置;保护性农业感谢94名受访者为本研究付出了宝贵的时间。我们感谢我们当地合作组织的转录员和成员(Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Satmile Satish Club O Pathagar,农业部,Sabuj Mitra Krishak Sangha和Sabuj Bahini,西孟加拉邦的Gourangapur农民俱乐部;孟加拉国农业研究所(BARI)和Rangpur Dinajpur农村服务机构(RDRS);比哈尔邦农业大学[BAU];尼泊尔农业研究委员会(NARC)在数据收集期间协助该小组。我们要感谢Sucharita Sen教授对本文早期版本的非常有用的评论。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。伦理审批本研究已通过CIMMYT内部审查伦理委员会,并被批准为低风险研究(IREC-2019.010)。数据可用性声明应合理要求,可提供匿名数据。本研究由澳大利亚国际研究中心通过CSE/2011/077号文件资助。关于贡献者的说明。KarkiEmma Karki是位于尼泊尔加德满都的国际玉米和小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的高级研究分析师。在CIMMYT,她目前正在从事可持续和弹性农业系统集约化项目。她感兴趣的是通过性别和社会包容的视角来理解可持续农业实践的机构、结构和系统。她拥有气候变化与发展硕士学位。乔杜里·扬贾纳·乔杜里(ChaudharyAnjana Chaudhary)是位于尼泊尔加德满都的国际玉米和小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的研究员(社会科学)。她拥有公共卫生硕士学位。她在发展领域有着良好的背景,接触过健康、营养、性别和农业等各个主题。她为研究活动的实施以及定性和定量数据的分析作出贡献。她的研究兴趣集中在理解影响决策、获得可用设施及其对健康和生活的影响的性别动态。SharmaAkriti Sharma是位于尼泊尔加德满都的国际玉米和小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的研究分析师。她拥有环境科学与政策硕士学位和经济学学士学位。主要研究方向为农业可持续发展与粮食安全。TimsinaPragya Timsina是设在印度新德里的国际玉米和小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的社会研究员。她在塔塔社会科学研究所获得生态、环境和可持续发展硕士学位,在德里大学获得学士学位。她曾在印度不同地区从事社区发展工作,目前在CIMMYT参与印度、尼泊尔和孟加拉国的各种项目。她的研究兴趣包括性别、边缘群体、气候变化和复原力。 SharmaRama Sharma是尼泊尔的一名社会研究员和发展专家,曾在CIMMYT工作,并参与了东恒河平原可持续和弹性农业系统强化(SRFSI)项目。莱比锡曾在尼泊尔CIMMYT的“东部恒河平原可持续和弹性农业系统强化”(SRFSI)项目中担任实习生。BrownDr。Brendan Brown是位于尼泊尔加德满都的国际玉米和小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的农业创新研究员。他致力于理解农业系统变化的吸收和影响,重点是可持续农业集约化。他拥有研究非洲东部和南部可持续农业集约化的博士学位,并拥有农业科学学士学位。
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引用次数: 0
Women’s (im)mobility strategies and digital platform adoption: the case study of employees doing desk work in Pune, India 女性(非)流动性策略和数字平台的采用:对印度浦那办公室工作员工的案例研究
Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2260651
Pauline Baudens, Anu Masso, Ralf-Martin Soe
This paper investigates the shift in (im)mobility through the digitalization of practices, based on the views of women working in a multinational IT company in Pune, India. The digital phenomenon, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, influences all areas of society, pushing forward the online economy and transforming daily strategies by facilitating mobility and enabling immobility. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 digitally active female participants to determine the role of digital tools in transforming their daily planning strategy, and in motivating their (im)mobility decision. The results demonstrated that the evolution of commuting practices and the adoption of digital platform solutions, as seen by the women themselves, were closely related to their desire for comfortable mobility implying time control and optimization to better complete professional and household duties. The task of driving appeared to be the main avoidance due to inevitable hectic traffic, favoring the use of taxis or company cabs presuming financial status. A preference was given to work from home, and basically to immobility as mobility was regarded as time-consuming. Overall, these digitally privileged women carried out diverse (im)mobility strategies according to their perceptions and multiple structural factors.
本文基于在印度浦那一家跨国IT公司工作的女性的观点,通过实践的数字化来调查(im)流动性的转变。Covid-19大流行加速了数字现象,影响着社会的各个领域,推动着在线经济的发展,并通过促进流动和使不流动成为可能来改变日常战略。我们对15名数字活跃女性参与者进行了定性访谈,以确定数字工具在改变她们的日常规划策略和激励她们(非)移动决策方面的作用。结果表明,正如女性自己所看到的,通勤习惯的演变和数字平台解决方案的采用与她们对舒适出行的渴望密切相关,这意味着时间控制和优化,以更好地完成职业和家庭职责。由于不可避免的繁忙交通,驾驶似乎是主要的逃避任务,人们倾向于使用出租车或假定经济状况良好的公司出租车。人们更倾向于在家工作,基本上是不动,因为人们认为动起来很耗时。总体而言,这些享有数字特权的女性根据自己的观念和多重结构性因素采取了不同的(非)流动策略。
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引用次数: 0
Women’s autonomy and old age pension transfer in South Africa 南非妇女自治与养老金转移
Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2204631
Olanrewaju Adewole Adediran
AbstractMuch of the existing literature contends that income is a key determinant of women’s autonomy. Yet the causal connection between income and women’s autonomy is difficult to pin down, given the obvious endogeneity bias that may arise from reverse causality and omitting confounding variables correlated with income and women’s autonomy measures. The study assigned a treatment based on the age discontinuity in eligibility for Old Age Pension (OAP) income transfer to investigate the causal effect of income on women’s autonomy. Using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) and a quantile treatment effect, the study found that women’s autonomy responds to changes in income. Moreover, the results from these alternative specifications confirm that the OAP income transfer effect is heterogeneous across the index of women’s autonomy distribution. Specifically, the quantile treatment effect evaluation shows that income transfer has no effect among women with a high degree of autonomy and a low degree of autonomy. However, it bolsters the autonomy that ranges between these extremes.Keywords: Women’s autonomyold age pension transferregression discontinuity design (RDD)quantile treatment effect (QTE) AcknowledgementThe greater part of this article’s contents came from my PhD thesis submitted to the University of Witwatersrand (Wits). Therefore, this publication acknowledges the university’s rights and confirms that there is no conflict of interest regarding the copyright of the thesis.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The requirement for a means test is as follows: an individual household must not earn more than R172560 for married persons or R86280 for a single person to be a beneficiary. In addition, assets must not be worth more than R455200 for a married couple or R1227600 for a single person. Since a means test is compulsory for administrative purposes, the question is whether we can allocate individuals to treatment without it. However, OAP may increase for beneficiaries from R1860 at age 60. At age 75 and above, beneficiaries will receive R1880. For more detailed information see: South African Government (Citation2019) Old age pension retrieved from the website: https://www.gov.za/services/social-benefits-retirement-and-old-age/old-age-pensionAlthough Ambler (Citation2016) suggested that a means test is not mandatory for most South African blacks, the age of eligibility is compulsory.2 Bergmann (Citation1995) and Pollak (Citation2002) view Becker's theory as having unrealistic conclusions in his paper titled “Becker's Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions," and other feminist economists come to a similar conclusion.3 For more detail see Becker (Citation1981)4 For detail see Chiappori (Citation1992)5 See McElroy and Horney (Citation1990) for more detail6 Interested readers are referred to Frandsen et al. (Citation2012) for details on the model and applications.7 Quantile treatment e
摘要现有的许多文献都认为收入是女性自主的关键决定因素。然而,收入与女性自主权之间的因果关系很难确定,因为反向因果关系和忽略与收入和女性自主权相关的混淆变量可能会产生明显的内生性偏差。本研究以领取老年养恤金(OAP)收入转移资格的年龄不连续性为基础,对收入对妇女自主性的因果效应进行了研究。采用回归不连续设计(RDD)和分位数处理效应,研究发现女性的自主性对收入的变化有反应。此外,这些替代规范的结果证实了OAP收入转移效应在女性自主性分布指标上的异质性。具体而言,分位数治疗效果评价表明,收入转移对自主程度高和自主程度低的女性没有影响。然而,它支持了介于这两个极端之间的自主权。关键词:女性自主养老金转移回归不连续设计(RDD)分位数治疗效果(QTE)致谢本文的大部分内容来自我提交给威特沃特斯兰德大学(Wits)的博士论文。因此,本出版物承认大学的权利,并确认没有关于论文版权的利益冲突。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1入息审查的要求如下:已婚人士的收入不得超过R172560,单身人士的收入不得超过R86280,才可成为受益人。此外,已婚夫妇的资产不得超过455200兰特,单身人士的资产不得超过1227600兰特。由于经济状况调查是行政上的强制性调查,问题是我们是否可以将个人分配到没有经济状况调查的治疗方案。然而,对于60岁的R1860受益人,OAP可能会增加。在75岁及以上,受益人将获得R1880。参见:南非政府(Citation2019)老年养老金网站:https://www.gov.za/services/social-benefits-retirement-and-old-age/old-age-pensionAlthough Ambler (Citation2016)建议,对大多数南非黑人来说,经济状况调查不是强制性的,资格年龄是强制性的伯格曼(Citation1995)和波拉克(Citation2002)在题为《贝克尔的家庭理论:荒谬的结论》的论文中认为贝克尔的理论得出了不切实际的结论,其他女权主义经济学家也得出了类似的结论详细信息请参见Becker (Citation1981)4详细信息请参见Chiappori (Citation1992)5详细信息请参见McElroy和Horney (Citation1990) 6感兴趣的读者可参考Frandsen等人(Citation2012)了解模型和应用的详细信息分位数治疗效果(QTE)是一种独特的工具,用于估计具有连接性的因变量,其中自变量包括治疗和控制(Angrist & Pischke, Citation2008)。作者简介:olanrewaju Adewole Adediran拥有南非金山大学经济学博士学位。他是南非大学商业领导学院可持续生计系博士后研究员。他的研究领域包括性别问题、应用计量经济学、发展、卫生和劳动经济学。
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引用次数: 0
Women fish vendors in Kerala, India: an analytical study of access to inputs and services 印度喀拉拉邦的女鱼贩:获得投入和服务的分析研究
Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2260656
Rejula K., Ashaletha S., A. Suresh, Nikita Gopal, Amulya Kumar Mohanty
AbstractWomen are predominantly engaged in postharvest fisheries and comprise about 75% of those engaged in fish marketing in India. The roles performed by fisherwomen are often not recognized. With the recent penetration of technology, mechanization, and capital orientation in fishing and fish vending, the business atmosphere has further turned against the interests of women. Women have to face competition in accessing fish, availing a prospective selling space, locating customers at their preferred time, and to adjust with the changing consumer preference to provide fish in a ready-to-cook form. With this background, a study was undertaken among women fish vendors of the south Indian state of Kerala, to analyze their access to inputs and services and to collect gender-disaggregated data. A large level of regional variation was observed in terms of the involvement of women in fish vending owing to established cultural norms. There exists skewed access to inputs and services like fish, credit, ice, infrastructure facilities, transportation, and storage facilities for women in the state. Women with poor social and economic networking were less privileged to have an incremental income from their traditional fish vending. There was a clear indication of the influence of financial capabilities such as employment days, volume, and variety of fish handled in determining the daily income of vendors. The inability to invest in fish vending activities was found to influence daily revenue. We recommend the convergent efforts of various organizations to enhance the livelihood status of fisherwomenKeywords: Genderfish vendingaccessinputsservices Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
在印度,妇女主要从事采后渔业,约占从事鱼类销售的妇女的75%。渔民妇女所发挥的作用往往得不到承认。随着近年来技术、机械化和资本导向在渔业和鱼类贩卖中的渗透,商业氛围进一步背离了妇女的利益。妇女必须在获取鱼类、利用潜在的销售空间、在顾客喜欢的时间找到顾客以及根据消费者不断变化的偏好进行调整以提供即食鱼类等方面面临竞争。在此背景下,对印度南部喀拉拉邦的妇女鱼贩进行了一项研究,分析她们获得投入和服务的情况,并收集按性别分列的数据。由于既定的文化规范,在妇女参与卖鱼方面存在很大的区域差异。该州的妇女在获得鱼、信贷、冰、基础设施、交通和储存设施等投入和服务方面存在倾斜。社会和经济关系较差的妇女较少有机会从传统的鱼贩中获得增量收入。有明确的迹象表明,经济能力,如就业天数、鱼的数量和种类,对决定卖主的日收入有影响。研究发现,无法投资于鱼类售卖活动影响了日常收入。我们建议各组织共同努力,提高渔民妇女的生计状况。关键词:性别鱼贩接入投入服务披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
The multiplicity, contradictions, and shifting status of widowhood in post-earthquake Nepal 震后尼泊尔寡妇的多样性、矛盾性及地位变迁
IF 2.5 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2231791
Tracy Fehr
Abstract This study brings a critical feminist approach to intersectional disaster research. It draws on qualitative research conducted in Nepal’s mid-hill region to centralize the experiences of widows, or single women, during and after the 2015 earthquakes. Through an intersectional lens, I deconstruct the monolithic experience of widowhood in Nepal to examine the messiness of reality and the possibility of different or even contradictory experiences in a post-disaster context. Intertwining social identities and factors beyond the trifecta of gender, marital status, and caste—such as family support, age, location, education, class, migration, property ownership, citizenship, experience in the public sphere, and NGO support—create a complex constellation of intersectionality that determined single women’s post-earthquake experiences and their access to post-disaster recovery. I find that the government’s post-earthquake housing reconstruction relief, which was predicated on property ownership, added a layer of systematic discrimination for many single women. Simultaneously, the post-earthquake development context provided a space for some single women to unite in a collective identity, facilitating a shift of longstanding stigma and an emerging renegotiation of what it means to “be a widow” in Nepal.
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引用次数: 0
Examining the wheat seed delivery system in Bihar, India, using a gender lens 用性别视角考察印度比哈尔邦的小麦种子输送系统
IF 2.5 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2219014
Bhavya Suri, H. Gartaula
Abstract An effective seed system gives all farmers access to quality seed, reliable information, and up-to-date knowledge of improved varieties and seed practices. Despite significant progress in developing improved wheat varieties, many of these improved varieties have not reached the farmers, especially women, poor, and marginalized farmers. Taking the case of a district in Bihar, India, this paper finds that the existing wheat seed delivery system largely ignores the potential of women farmers to play a significant role in seed production, distribution, or adoption; and that farmer feedback mechanisms are almost non-existent, especially among women. Using a small-scale, mixed, inductive, and broad-based research design, the paper suggests measures for gender-responsive seed delivery systems: improved access to information, especially to women and marginal farmers; promoting women-led groups (like JEEViKA) for their better engagement and empowerment; educating village retailers; developing mechanisms for better collaboration with bigger private seed companies; and increased collaboration among seed stakeholders.
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引用次数: 0
Autonomy among Indigenous women in Rural Colombia: “free to be, think, and act in our territory” 哥伦比亚农村土著妇女的自治:“在我们的领土上自由存在、思考和行动”
IF 2.5 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/09718524.2023.2204632
Kate Sinclair, Alexandra Bastidas Granja, T. Thompson-Colón, Eucaris Olaya, Sara Eloísa Del Castillo Matamoros, H. Melgar-Quiñonez
Abstract There is limited qualitative research to support the use of the most common conceptualizations and operationalizations of women’s autonomy, especially in the Latin American context and even more so for Indigenous populations. This study uses photovoice, a photography-based Participatory Action Research method, to conduct a qualitative assessment of how female Indigenous smallholding farmers from Nariño, Colombia, define women’s autonomy and which factors facilitate and hinder their autonomy. Results show that women felt autonomous when: a) they were free to make decisions important to them and to express themselves; b) they had opportunities to be economically independent doing work they valued; and c) their cultural and collective autonomy was effectively protected. Significant barriers to autonomy included issues related to colonization, the devaluation of women’s work, machismo culture, limited access to education (traditional and formal), and unjust employment opportunities. The use of Photovoice proved to be a valuable qualitative approach for studying this particular group by empowering participating Indigenous women to share their experiences, perspectives, and knowledge. The results from this study can inform local policies and programs, improve the interpretation of quantitative results from similar contexts, and facilitate the development of quantitative tools to measure women’s autonomy more effectively.
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引用次数: 0
Women Development and Empowerment in South African Polity 南非政治中的妇女发展和赋权
IF 2.5 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n2a7
Arthur Moraka Shopola, Mamonare Malapane, Kenneth Nokele
The question of women’s development and empowerment is not new in the world. As such, there has been an increasing awareness of the matter, especially that development has had a differential impact on power relations in society, usually to the disadvantage of women. For countless times, the world has had many pro–women empowerment measures and proclamations made by various governments and continental and domestic agencies, but women continue to be overlooked in crucial spheres of life such as politics, law, education, and training, as well as working environments. This paper used a desktop review method to first, identify the underlying factors behind power differentials between men and women in leadership and society at large, and second, examine how such factors compound gender inequality in South African polity. The discussion shows that South Africa’s and the African continent’s experience with women's empowerment and recognition in the political landscape still exhibits gender disproportions with which the compounding factors cannot be differentiated. These include, inter alia, the inconsistent application of a political will to keep women in leadership spaces and the existence of patriarchal systems embedded in many African cultural practises. The paper concluded by strongly arguing that any development that is based on patriarchy is anti–development and must be rejected. Any efforts made to elevate women in to positions of power would mean an end to the old question of gender inequality, but this requires serious, deliberate policy interventions and implementation.
妇女发展和赋予权力的问题在世界上并不新鲜。因此,人们日益认识到这个问题,特别是认识到发展对社会权力关系产生了不同的影响,通常对妇女不利。无数次,世界各国政府、各大洲和国内机构制定了许多支持妇女赋权的措施和宣言,但妇女在政治、法律、教育、培训以及工作环境等重要生活领域继续受到忽视。本文使用桌面回顾方法,首先确定了男性和女性在领导和整个社会中权力差异背后的潜在因素,其次,研究这些因素如何加剧南非政治中的性别不平等。讨论表明,南非和非洲大陆在赋予妇女权力和在政治领域得到承认方面的经验仍然显示出男女比例失调,这些综合因素无法加以区分。这些问题包括,除其他外,不一致地应用将妇女留在领导空间的政治意愿,以及存在于许多非洲文化习俗中的父权制度。这篇论文最后强烈地指出,任何建立在父权制基础上的发展都是反发展的,必须被拒绝。任何将妇女提升到权力位置的努力都意味着结束性别不平等的老问题,但这需要认真、深思熟虑的政策干预和执行。
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引用次数: 0
Psychoanalytic Rationality: A Critique of the Improper Feminist Approach to Teenage Pregnancy 精神分析理性:批判女性主义对待少女怀孕的不当态度
IF 2.5 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.31920/2634-3622/2023/v12n2a6
Mohammed Xolile Ntshangase, Shonisani Cydna Ntshangase
Teenage pregnancy is one of the common problems that is indiscriminately present in all schools. With teenage pregnancy manifesting in all schools, a lot of focus and support regarding this issue is given to female students (girls), while none is given to male students. Literature will be reviewed during this study as a methodological approach. It is an underlying assumption of this research that the spirit of feminism could be blamed as a motivation for this one-sided focus and support. However, this paper argues that in a proper approach to parenting at any level, it makes no sense to support one victim of teenage pregnancy while there are two victims. Since scholars like Scott and Salvi have scratched the surface of this issue of teenage pregnancy, it is worth taking the discussion further because they tackle the issue from a more feminist perspective. Their feminist approach to this issue makes them focus more on the impact it has on females than males. It is the major aim of this paper to focus on the ignored perspective of teenage pregnancy. The psychoanalytic rationality approach adopts an analytic theoretical framework to critically argue that it is not enough to use a narrow feministic approach that envisages only female students as the only victims of teenage pregnancy. Perhaps the bias in analysing and understanding this crucial issue that has affected many lives comes from the fact that only women physically bear the baby in their wombs while men remain with no physical manifestation of pregnancy. As Ntshangase argued that feminism should be properly conceptualised as a rational framework to cater for both existential coordinates known as male and female, this paper argues for a proper feministic approach to be adequately applied to this issue of teenage pregnancy.
少女怀孕是所有学校普遍存在的问题之一。随着青少年怀孕在所有学校的出现,很多关注和支持这个问题都给予了女学生,而没有给予男学生。在本研究中,文献将作为方法学方法进行回顾。这项研究的一个潜在假设是,女权主义精神可以被归咎于这种片面关注和支持的动机。然而,本文认为,在任何水平的适当的养育方法中,支持一个少女怀孕的受害者而有两个受害者是没有意义的。由于像斯科特和萨尔维这样的学者已经触及了青少年怀孕问题的表面,因此值得进一步讨论,因为他们从更女权主义的角度来解决这个问题。她们对这个问题的女权主义态度使她们更关注它对女性的影响,而不是对男性的影响。本文的主要目的是关注被忽视的青少年怀孕的角度。精神分析理性方法采用分析理论框架,批判性地认为,使用狭隘的女权主义方法,将女学生视为青少年怀孕的唯一受害者是不够的。在分析和理解这个影响许多人生活的关键问题时,可能存在偏见,因为只有女性在子宫里实际孕育婴儿,而男性则没有怀孕的身体表现。正如Ntshangase所主张的那样,女权主义应该被恰当地概念化为一种理性的框架,以满足男性和女性这两个存在坐标的需求,本文认为,一种适当的女权主义方法应该被充分地应用于青少年怀孕问题。
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引用次数: 0
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Gender Technology & Development
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