Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/09720634231196950
Indiana-Luz Rojas-Torres, Richard de Jesús Gil Herrera
This article provides a description of integrated primary healthcare strategies in five Latin American countries to assess options for the implementation of a healthcare system based on Primary Care. Based on a document review of scientific articles and official documents from multilateral organisations, ministries, or health entities, it was possible to synthesise the Primary Health Care strategies that had been implemented to derive the main proposals that were potentially transferable. Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico have Primary Health Care actions aimed at promoting health and preventing diseases; Cuba is highlighted as a reference because of its family health model. The main difficulties are from healthcare system based on the neoliberal model and segmentation and fragmentation of healthcare services.This study provides important aspects of Primary Health Care, in terms of the need to revitalise with a family and community approach, integrating health services at three levels of primary prevention, intersectoral factors, community empowerment, resource allocation and training in human skills, as well as strengthening mental health and sexual health programmes. It concludes with suggestions for a more integrated Primary Health Care based on the strategies implemented and the local needs of the countries under study.
{"title":"Main Challenges of Primary Health Care in Five Latin American Countries","authors":"Indiana-Luz Rojas-Torres, Richard de Jesús Gil Herrera","doi":"10.1177/09720634231196950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231196950","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a description of integrated primary healthcare strategies in five Latin American countries to assess options for the implementation of a healthcare system based on Primary Care. Based on a document review of scientific articles and official documents from multilateral organisations, ministries, or health entities, it was possible to synthesise the Primary Health Care strategies that had been implemented to derive the main proposals that were potentially transferable. Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico have Primary Health Care actions aimed at promoting health and preventing diseases; Cuba is highlighted as a reference because of its family health model. The main difficulties are from healthcare system based on the neoliberal model and segmentation and fragmentation of healthcare services.This study provides important aspects of Primary Health Care, in terms of the need to revitalise with a family and community approach, integrating health services at three levels of primary prevention, intersectoral factors, community empowerment, resource allocation and training in human skills, as well as strengthening mental health and sexual health programmes. It concludes with suggestions for a more integrated Primary Health Care based on the strategies implemented and the local needs of the countries under study.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1177/09720634231196959
Siti Noraini Mohd Tobi, Mohd Zulkifli Abdullah, Jaafar Pyeman, Annurizal Anuar, Saadiah Juliana Saadun, Hendrikus Kadang
The article investigates the intentional use of a Web-based Health Information Service (WBHIS) through multi-factors influencing the use of a national, MyHEALTH Portal (MHP). The study utilised an online web-survey incorporates three interrelated aspects of investigation; acceptance influence, socio-cognitive, and software engineering factors (user interface and data quality), to investigate deeper on Malaysian health consumers’ intent to adopt the portal. Findings have shown health consumers’ intention to use MHP is positively influenced by the positive behavioural attitude of health consumers’ towards the portal. The study also supported the significant role played by software engineering factors; user interface design and data quality towards health consumers’ attitude of the portal. The results would assist Malaysia Health Education Division in gaining better insights into the design of a well-accepted WBHIS where specifically, the findings would improve the presence and functions of the MHP. This effort is evidently significant in helping the country to reach the 11th Malaysia Plan through its strategy to encourage health awareness and healthy lifestyle activities among its citizens.
{"title":"Perceived Technology Acceptance and Software Engineering Factors Towards Intention to Use Web-based Health Information Service (WBHIS)","authors":"Siti Noraini Mohd Tobi, Mohd Zulkifli Abdullah, Jaafar Pyeman, Annurizal Anuar, Saadiah Juliana Saadun, Hendrikus Kadang","doi":"10.1177/09720634231196959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231196959","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the intentional use of a Web-based Health Information Service (WBHIS) through multi-factors influencing the use of a national, MyHEALTH Portal (MHP). The study utilised an online web-survey incorporates three interrelated aspects of investigation; acceptance influence, socio-cognitive, and software engineering factors (user interface and data quality), to investigate deeper on Malaysian health consumers’ intent to adopt the portal. Findings have shown health consumers’ intention to use MHP is positively influenced by the positive behavioural attitude of health consumers’ towards the portal. The study also supported the significant role played by software engineering factors; user interface design and data quality towards health consumers’ attitude of the portal. The results would assist Malaysia Health Education Division in gaining better insights into the design of a well-accepted WBHIS where specifically, the findings would improve the presence and functions of the MHP. This effort is evidently significant in helping the country to reach the 11th Malaysia Plan through its strategy to encourage health awareness and healthy lifestyle activities among its citizens.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1177/09720634231196961
Atanu Ghosh, Sourav Dey, Rajdeep Singha
In 2015, India has faced the largest number of under 5 (U5) death than all other countries, with regional disparities. Childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia are the major cause of U5 death. Using the data from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV, 2015–2016) for the eight North Eastern state we have tried to understand the prevalence of environmental health problems like ARI and diarrhoea and their correlates. These two diseases are the major cause of U5 deaths in low- and middle-income countries including India. Apart from bivariate analysis and logistic regression analysis we have also conducted spatial association to identify the regional variation in diarrhoea and ARI among U5 children in NE states. Household’s environmental factors and socio-economic characteristics are found to have significant impact on child mortality. Among the NE states Sikkim found to be better off and Meghalaya is worse in terms of child health outcome. Policies aimed at achieving the goal of reduction of child mortality should be directed on improving the household’s environmental and or socio-economic status if this goal is to be realised. India must analyze the process achieved and contemplate the consequences for reaching the Sustainable Development Goal’s targets for child survival.
{"title":"Environmental Health Problems Among Children in North Eastern States of India","authors":"Atanu Ghosh, Sourav Dey, Rajdeep Singha","doi":"10.1177/09720634231196961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231196961","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, India has faced the largest number of under 5 (U5) death than all other countries, with regional disparities. Childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia are the major cause of U5 death. Using the data from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV, 2015–2016) for the eight North Eastern state we have tried to understand the prevalence of environmental health problems like ARI and diarrhoea and their correlates. These two diseases are the major cause of U5 deaths in low- and middle-income countries including India. Apart from bivariate analysis and logistic regression analysis we have also conducted spatial association to identify the regional variation in diarrhoea and ARI among U5 children in NE states. Household’s environmental factors and socio-economic characteristics are found to have significant impact on child mortality. Among the NE states Sikkim found to be better off and Meghalaya is worse in terms of child health outcome. Policies aimed at achieving the goal of reduction of child mortality should be directed on improving the household’s environmental and or socio-economic status if this goal is to be realised. India must analyze the process achieved and contemplate the consequences for reaching the Sustainable Development Goal’s targets for child survival.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to understand the major determinants of infant mortality in infant mortality-prone annual health survey states of India. The study has considered district level infant mortality rate as a dependent variable and household size, sex ratio at birth, female literacy, marriage before the legal age, birth spacing, full antenatal care, Mothers who received post-natal care within 48 hours of delivery, Children within 12 to 23 months who are fully immunised, Breastfeeding within 24 hours of birth, Children aged 6 to 35 months are only breastfed for the initial 6 months, women who are aware of HAF/ORS/ORT, and women who are aware of ARI/Pneumonia as independent variables. The study considered district-level data on the mentioned variables over nine annual health survey states over three years. The results reveal that female literacy, birth spacing, immunisation, only breastfeeding till 6 months, and awareness regarding HAF/ORS/ORT all have a statistically significant negative impact on IMR. On the other hand, post-natal care has a statistically significant positive impact on IMR. This surprising result can have two explanations. First, only those children receiving PNC who are already sick and succumbing to their sickness. Second, the patient death rate owing to hospital infection in India is very high, so it may be that infants are succumbing to this particular aspect. Identification of major determinants of infant mortality will eventually lead to actions against them, and that, in due course of time, will tame the onrush of infant mortality in Annual Health Survey States as well as other parts of India and the world. Quantification and determination of the major determinants of infant mortality for the annual health survey states are missing till date, and from that aspect, the article is novel.
{"title":"Major Determinants of Infant Mortality: District-level Evidence from Annual Health Survey States of India","authors":"Subhanil Banerjee, Souren Koner, Arshleen Kaur, Charvi Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09720634231196963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231196963","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to understand the major determinants of infant mortality in infant mortality-prone annual health survey states of India. The study has considered district level infant mortality rate as a dependent variable and household size, sex ratio at birth, female literacy, marriage before the legal age, birth spacing, full antenatal care, Mothers who received post-natal care within 48 hours of delivery, Children within 12 to 23 months who are fully immunised, Breastfeeding within 24 hours of birth, Children aged 6 to 35 months are only breastfed for the initial 6 months, women who are aware of HAF/ORS/ORT, and women who are aware of ARI/Pneumonia as independent variables. The study considered district-level data on the mentioned variables over nine annual health survey states over three years. The results reveal that female literacy, birth spacing, immunisation, only breastfeeding till 6 months, and awareness regarding HAF/ORS/ORT all have a statistically significant negative impact on IMR. On the other hand, post-natal care has a statistically significant positive impact on IMR. This surprising result can have two explanations. First, only those children receiving PNC who are already sick and succumbing to their sickness. Second, the patient death rate owing to hospital infection in India is very high, so it may be that infants are succumbing to this particular aspect. Identification of major determinants of infant mortality will eventually lead to actions against them, and that, in due course of time, will tame the onrush of infant mortality in Annual Health Survey States as well as other parts of India and the world. Quantification and determination of the major determinants of infant mortality for the annual health survey states are missing till date, and from that aspect, the article is novel.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-17DOI: 10.1177/09720634231196941
Anupa Jayawardhana, Ruth Crabtree, Joe Piggin
Although a new Sri Lankan sport policy framework was introduced in 2012, no research has been done to evaluate the implementation of the policy framework. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and identify mitigating factors in achieving the strategic goals of the Sri Lankan sport policy framework. Qualitative data and a quantitative approach were used to analyse and investigate the sport policy framework. A questionnaire (N = 240) and interviews (N = 05) were utilised to gather data from sport participants, non-sport participants and top-level sport administrators. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses suggested that the goals of the national sport policy framework have not been achieved. Lack of financial support, deficiency of government provision, institutional structural issues, and negative attitudes of policy actors were identified as mitigating factors in the process of policy implication. Developing an umbrella organisation for coordinating sport and government’s support are vital to resolve those problems.
{"title":"The Difficulties of Making Sport Policy Succeed: A Case Study of Sri Lanka","authors":"Anupa Jayawardhana, Ruth Crabtree, Joe Piggin","doi":"10.1177/09720634231196941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231196941","url":null,"abstract":"Although a new Sri Lankan sport policy framework was introduced in 2012, no research has been done to evaluate the implementation of the policy framework. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and identify mitigating factors in achieving the strategic goals of the Sri Lankan sport policy framework. Qualitative data and a quantitative approach were used to analyse and investigate the sport policy framework. A questionnaire (N = 240) and interviews (N = 05) were utilised to gather data from sport participants, non-sport participants and top-level sport administrators. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses suggested that the goals of the national sport policy framework have not been achieved. Lack of financial support, deficiency of government provision, institutional structural issues, and negative attitudes of policy actors were identified as mitigating factors in the process of policy implication. Developing an umbrella organisation for coordinating sport and government’s support are vital to resolve those problems.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135259545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09720634231195968
Rupa Rathee, Pallavi Rajain, Rakhi Singh
With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019, countries all over the world took drastic measures to curb its spread. These measures had different kinds of effects on people based on their knowledge and attitude towards this pandemic. The people faced several kinds of difficulties in their day-to-day lives. All these aspects formed the basis of this article. The data were collected through convenience sampling from a sample of 110 respondents in Haryana (India). As the data were collected in July, the country was already in its second phase of unlocking after several months of lockdown. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25. It was found that due to various awareness programs by the government, the majority of respondents had knowledge about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus and its effects. The people had an attitude of fighting the spread of the virus by taking the necessary precautions. There were slight psychological effects as the country had already started unlocking. Lastly, the difficulties faced during the pandemic were discussed which had disrupted the lives of the people.
{"title":"Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Haryana (India)","authors":"Rupa Rathee, Pallavi Rajain, Rakhi Singh","doi":"10.1177/09720634231195968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231195968","url":null,"abstract":"With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019, countries all over the world took drastic measures to curb its spread. These measures had different kinds of effects on people based on their knowledge and attitude towards this pandemic. The people faced several kinds of difficulties in their day-to-day lives. All these aspects formed the basis of this article. The data were collected through convenience sampling from a sample of 110 respondents in Haryana (India). As the data were collected in July, the country was already in its second phase of unlocking after several months of lockdown. The data were analysed using SPSS version 25. It was found that due to various awareness programs by the government, the majority of respondents had knowledge about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus and its effects. The people had an attitude of fighting the spread of the virus by taking the necessary precautions. There were slight psychological effects as the country had already started unlocking. Lastly, the difficulties faced during the pandemic were discussed which had disrupted the lives of the people.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case control research was conducted in the tribal block of Sirohi district of Rajasthan, India to assess the impact of the food supplementation program on the nutritional status of school-going children. With 1:1 matching using parameters of sex and age of children from six villages each, data of 430 1st to 8th grade children, 215 cases and controls each, were analysed. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro plus tool was used to determine the Weight for Age, Height for Age and Body Mass Index (BMI) for age indicators. Results showed that children who were on the intervention of milk were found to be 1.7 times more active as compare to those not receiving milk. It was also found that the proportion of children with severe malnutrition- in terms of wasting, stunting and underweight – was less among cases as compare to the controls. However, the difference was found significant only for wasting and underweight respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that milk-based interventions have been proved to be successful strategy in combating acute malnutrition among school-going children. More research is needed to evaluate the impact of such interventions on stunting, and to improve the program planning for scaling up and replication.
{"title":"Improving Nutritional Status of School Going Children Through School-based Nutrition Program in Rajasthan, India","authors":"Mayur Trivedi, Tapasvi Puwar, Khushi Kansara, Kanak Srivastava","doi":"10.1177/09720634231195164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231195164","url":null,"abstract":"This case control research was conducted in the tribal block of Sirohi district of Rajasthan, India to assess the impact of the food supplementation program on the nutritional status of school-going children. With 1:1 matching using parameters of sex and age of children from six villages each, data of 430 1st to 8th grade children, 215 cases and controls each, were analysed. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro plus tool was used to determine the Weight for Age, Height for Age and Body Mass Index (BMI) for age indicators. Results showed that children who were on the intervention of milk were found to be 1.7 times more active as compare to those not receiving milk. It was also found that the proportion of children with severe malnutrition- in terms of wasting, stunting and underweight – was less among cases as compare to the controls. However, the difference was found significant only for wasting and underweight respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that milk-based interventions have been proved to be successful strategy in combating acute malnutrition among school-going children. More research is needed to evaluate the impact of such interventions on stunting, and to improve the program planning for scaling up and replication.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09720634231201698
Nuno Araújo, Ana Maria Reis, Ana Pinto Borges, Álvaro Rosa
The need to guarantee public health spending sustainability remains on the governments’ agenda, despite constant efforts to improve health sector efficiency and to contain health spending growth. In this paper, we analyse citizens’, managers’ and health professionals’ views concerning the choice of alternative National Health Service (NHS)’ financing sources and the selection of priority areas to be financed from public funds. The main novelty of this study is the auscultation and the evaluation of different stakeholders’ perspectives concerning health spending decisions, namely, health professionals, managers and the general public. An online questionnaire was used to collect data. Methods include descriptive and inferential statistics, a Pareto graph and a factorial analysis. Our results reveal the preferable additional NHS funding sources are lottery and games of chance and the increase in alcohol and tobacco taxes. The respondents defend that priorities should consider the improvement of the population’s health status, namely, considering the universality of access, equity, effectiveness and efficiency, in line with the NHS’ mission. Health professionals are also concerned about disease prevention and health promotion. This paper contributes empirical evidence to support health manager decisions, focusing on rationing decisions and alternative financing sources.
{"title":"Managing Public Health Spending Growth: Public’s Views","authors":"Nuno Araújo, Ana Maria Reis, Ana Pinto Borges, Álvaro Rosa","doi":"10.1177/09720634231201698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231201698","url":null,"abstract":"The need to guarantee public health spending sustainability remains on the governments’ agenda, despite constant efforts to improve health sector efficiency and to contain health spending growth. In this paper, we analyse citizens’, managers’ and health professionals’ views concerning the choice of alternative National Health Service (NHS)’ financing sources and the selection of priority areas to be financed from public funds. The main novelty of this study is the auscultation and the evaluation of different stakeholders’ perspectives concerning health spending decisions, namely, health professionals, managers and the general public. An online questionnaire was used to collect data. Methods include descriptive and inferential statistics, a Pareto graph and a factorial analysis. Our results reveal the preferable additional NHS funding sources are lottery and games of chance and the increase in alcohol and tobacco taxes. The respondents defend that priorities should consider the improvement of the population’s health status, namely, considering the universality of access, equity, effectiveness and efficiency, in line with the NHS’ mission. Health professionals are also concerned about disease prevention and health promotion. This paper contributes empirical evidence to support health manager decisions, focusing on rationing decisions and alternative financing sources.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Postgraduate Diploma in Public Health Management (PGDPHM) was launched in 2008 to create a cadre of public health managers within the ranks of the public healthcare system. However, limited research exists on this programme and its impact on the health system. This qualitative research study aimed at obtaining in-depth perspectives of PGDPHM graduates from the Indian Institute of Public Health-Gandhinagar (IIPHG). Study participants were selected from a variety of roles across Gujarat. The programme equips healthcare professionals with several competencies essential to the management of public health issues from the community to state levels. However, the health system has yet to fully realise its potential and rationally allocate this human resource. Recognition also has not translated into public health oriented career growth for most graduates, and the duties of medical officers with this qualification continue to have a clinical focus. The PGDPHM programme has the potential to help ensure that India reaches an adequate capacity for health management professionals. It would be beneficial to improve recognition for the programme within the health system, increase focus on public health research and conduct regular evaluations to assess the career trajectories of graduates.
{"title":"From Healthcare Professionals to Public Health Practitioners: Qualitative Assessment of the Postgraduate Diploma in Public Health Management","authors":"Mahaveer Golechha, Mehul Patel, Tasneem Bohra, Jallavi Panchamia","doi":"10.1177/09720634231201701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231201701","url":null,"abstract":"The Postgraduate Diploma in Public Health Management (PGDPHM) was launched in 2008 to create a cadre of public health managers within the ranks of the public healthcare system. However, limited research exists on this programme and its impact on the health system. This qualitative research study aimed at obtaining in-depth perspectives of PGDPHM graduates from the Indian Institute of Public Health-Gandhinagar (IIPHG). Study participants were selected from a variety of roles across Gujarat. The programme equips healthcare professionals with several competencies essential to the management of public health issues from the community to state levels. However, the health system has yet to fully realise its potential and rationally allocate this human resource. Recognition also has not translated into public health oriented career growth for most graduates, and the duties of medical officers with this qualification continue to have a clinical focus. The PGDPHM programme has the potential to help ensure that India reaches an adequate capacity for health management professionals. It would be beneficial to improve recognition for the programme within the health system, increase focus on public health research and conduct regular evaluations to assess the career trajectories of graduates.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09720634231195980
D. Stasinopoulos, A. Goula, C. Kastanioti, M. Sarris, S. Soulis
Tax evasion of self-employed doctors as well as the informal payments made to doctors in public health structures are identified as the two main parameters of Shadow Economy in this sector. In this study, a quantitative survey of 1,022 physicians was conducted to research the attitudes and perceptions of physicians. Although the physicians are mostly opposed to antisocial and unlawful behaviours, they are more tolerant with shadow economy phenomena. The research highlighted a correlation between tax evasion and informal payments where the increase of one phenomenon increases the intensity of the other. ‘Tax evasion’ in the conscience of physicians functions as a ‘corrective mechanism’ in the sector’s charges, which satisfies patients and physicians in the sector of self-employed doctors, acquiring characteristics of ‘Inxit’ of the well-known theory of Gaal and McKee. Informal Payments, on the other hand, as research has shown, act as an incentive for unsatisfied physicians to remain within the public health system. However, they have a negative impact on the employment relationships of health executives while at the same time, they significantly exacerbate the quality of services provided by public health institutions. Deterioration of quality in the ‘organisation’ with open channels of ‘exit’ and ‘voice’, given that there is no ‘loyalty’ of patients in the public health system, as research shows, leads to the conclusion that Informal Payments take on characteristics of ‘utilitarian silence’ on the part of patients, rather than characteristics of an alternative to ‘exit’, ‘protest’—of the well-known ‘EVL’ theory of Hirschman (1970) —or, ultimately, to ‘Inxit’.
{"title":"Shadow Economy in Physicians’ Sector: The Physicians’ Point of View from Greece","authors":"D. Stasinopoulos, A. Goula, C. Kastanioti, M. Sarris, S. Soulis","doi":"10.1177/09720634231195980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09720634231195980","url":null,"abstract":"Tax evasion of self-employed doctors as well as the informal payments made to doctors in public health structures are identified as the two main parameters of Shadow Economy in this sector. In this study, a quantitative survey of 1,022 physicians was conducted to research the attitudes and perceptions of physicians. Although the physicians are mostly opposed to antisocial and unlawful behaviours, they are more tolerant with shadow economy phenomena. The research highlighted a correlation between tax evasion and informal payments where the increase of one phenomenon increases the intensity of the other. ‘Tax evasion’ in the conscience of physicians functions as a ‘corrective mechanism’ in the sector’s charges, which satisfies patients and physicians in the sector of self-employed doctors, acquiring characteristics of ‘Inxit’ of the well-known theory of Gaal and McKee. Informal Payments, on the other hand, as research has shown, act as an incentive for unsatisfied physicians to remain within the public health system. However, they have a negative impact on the employment relationships of health executives while at the same time, they significantly exacerbate the quality of services provided by public health institutions. Deterioration of quality in the ‘organisation’ with open channels of ‘exit’ and ‘voice’, given that there is no ‘loyalty’ of patients in the public health system, as research shows, leads to the conclusion that Informal Payments take on characteristics of ‘utilitarian silence’ on the part of patients, rather than characteristics of an alternative to ‘exit’, ‘protest’—of the well-known ‘EVL’ theory of Hirschman (1970) —or, ultimately, to ‘Inxit’.","PeriodicalId":45421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Management","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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