Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/002
Rita Borderías Tejada
During the reign of Charles III, the search for information about the different places in his kingdom was constant. The compilation of images culminated, on many occasions, in the commission of artistic objects that were not only limited to the decoration of rooms, but also had the function of transmitting information to their observers. This occurred within the spirit of the Enlightenment, so this information was, in many cases, not easily available the observers. Sometimes the artists in charge of their representation would not have first-hand access to these natural phenomena or landscapes, so they would have to make use of images made by others in order to carry out their commissions. This is the case of the paintings Vista de la erupción del Vesubio by A. Carnicero, Quadro de Historia Civil y Geográfica del Reyno del Perú by J.I. Lequanda and L. Thiebaut and La gruta de Posillipo en Nápoles by the Real Laboratorio de Piedras Duras del Buen Retiro. The three works analyzed in this work, and belonging to Madrid collections, show the interest that geological nature aroused in various artists of the time.
在查理三世统治时期，对他的王国各地的信息的搜索是不断的。在许多情况下，图像的编辑在艺术对象的委托中达到高潮，这些对象不仅限于房间的装饰，而且还具有向其观察者传递信息的功能。这是在启蒙运动的精神中发生的，所以这些信息，在很多情况下，观察者是不容易得到的。有时，负责代表作品的艺术家无法直接接触到这些自然现象或风景，因此他们不得不利用他人制作的图像来完成委托。这就是A.卡尼塞罗的《维苏比奥的展望erupción》、J.I. Lequanda和L. Thiebaut的《民史的Quadro de Civil Historia Geográfica del Reyno del Perú》以及de Piedras Duras del Buen Retiro皇家实验室的《Posillipo en Nápoles》等画作的情况。本作品中分析的三件作品属于马德里的收藏，显示了地质自然在当时的各种艺术家中引起的兴趣。
{"title":"Three ways of representing Art and Geology in Charles III reign: Vesuvius, Gualgayoc mine and Posillipo’s grotto","authors":"Rita Borderías Tejada","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/002","url":null,"abstract":"During the reign of Charles III, the search for information about the different places in his kingdom was constant. The compilation of images culminated, on many occasions, in the commission of artistic objects that were not only limited to the decoration of rooms, but also had the function of transmitting information to their observers. This occurred within the spirit of the Enlightenment, so this information was, in many cases, not easily available the observers. Sometimes the artists in charge of their representation would not have first-hand access to these natural phenomena or landscapes, so they would have to make use of images made by others in order to carry out their commissions. This is the case of the paintings Vista de la erupción del Vesubio by A. Carnicero, Quadro de Historia Civil y Geográfica del Reyno del Perú by J.I. Lequanda and L. Thiebaut and La gruta de Posillipo en Nápoles by the Real Laboratorio de Piedras Duras del Buen Retiro. The three works analyzed in this work, and belonging to Madrid collections, show the interest that geological nature aroused in various artists of the time.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136390340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Renaissance was a human time period in which culture stood out as a common whole. It was based on a humanistic and integrative cosmovision of mankind in the framework of nature and the universe. This article synthetically describes and analyses the relationships between Art and Geology through three exceptional and illustrative Renaissance figures: Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Dürer and Georgius Agricola. In the first two, making an approach from Art to Geology and in the latter, from Geology to Art. Leonardo is, unquestionably, the quintessential polymath and a pioneer, among other areas of knowledge, in geology and geosciences. His global contributions will be described using his own phrases, writings, drawings and paintings. In the case of Dürer, his famous work, Melancholy I, will be the main focus of study, specifically with reference to the mineralogical hypothesis regarding his enigmatic polyhedron. Thirdly, Agricola will be uncovered through his famous work, “De Re Metallica”. He was a scientist and an engineer, but also a pioneer in geology and mineralogy who used drawings to complement his geoscientific contributions. Finally, this Renaissance thematic connection will be compared to today's world situation. It has been suggested that Digital Age could correspond to a new period similar to the Renaissance, where innovation and creativity merging Art, Science and Technology, would be enhanced and benefited from a context of global communication.
文艺复兴是一个人类时代，在这个时代，文化作为一个共同的整体脱颖而出。它的基础是在自然和宇宙的框架内对人类的人文主义和综合宇宙观。本文通过三位杰出的文艺复兴时期的人物:列奥纳多·达·芬奇、阿尔伯特·德·勒和乔治乌斯·阿格里科拉，综合描述和分析了艺术与地质之间的关系。前两部分从艺术走向地质，后两部分从地质走向艺术。毫无疑问，列奥纳多是一个典型的博学家，也是地质学和地球科学等其他领域知识的先驱。他的全球贡献将用他自己的短语、文字、素描和绘画来描述。就德·雷尔而言，他的著名作品《忧郁I》将是研究的主要焦点，特别是关于他神秘多面体的矿物学假设。第三，Agricola将通过他的著名作品“De Re Metallica”来揭示。他是一名科学家和工程师，也是地质学和矿物学的先驱，他使用绘图来补充他的地球科学贡献。最后，这个文艺复兴主题的联系将与今天的世界形势进行比较。有人认为，数字时代可能对应于一个类似文艺复兴的新时期，在这个时期，融合了艺术、科学和技术的创新和创造力将得到加强，并从全球交流的背景下受益。
{"title":"Art and geology in the Renaissance: Leonardo da Vinci, Alberto Durero and Georgius Agricola","authors":"Jesús Martínez Frías, Jesús Enrique Martínez Martín","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/001","url":null,"abstract":"The Renaissance was a human time period in which culture stood out as a common whole. It was based on a humanistic and integrative cosmovision of mankind in the framework of nature and the universe. This article synthetically describes and analyses the relationships between Art and Geology through three exceptional and illustrative Renaissance figures: Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Dürer and Georgius Agricola. In the first two, making an approach from Art to Geology and in the latter, from Geology to Art. Leonardo is, unquestionably, the quintessential polymath and a pioneer, among other areas of knowledge, in geology and geosciences. His global contributions will be described using his own phrases, writings, drawings and paintings. In the case of Dürer, his famous work, Melancholy I, will be the main focus of study, specifically with reference to the mineralogical hypothesis regarding his enigmatic polyhedron. Thirdly, Agricola will be uncovered through his famous work, “De Re Metallica”. He was a scientist and an engineer, but also a pioneer in geology and mineralogy who used drawings to complement his geoscientific contributions. Finally, this Renaissance thematic connection will be compared to today's world situation. It has been suggested that Digital Age could correspond to a new period similar to the Renaissance, where innovation and creativity merging Art, Science and Technology, would be enhanced and benefited from a context of global communication.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47374245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/005
Marc Martínez Parra
Cinematography, as the seventh art, uses the unique geological landscape in the setting of its creations. Geology, like everything that is related to its essence, is perceived by the human being through all its senses, reflected in its translation to the cinematographic work in terms of the setting of different scenarios, natural or artificial, where the filmic action unfolds. The various lithologies and their natural weathering form picturesque places, used in cinematography to represent the narrated stories and convey sensations to the viewer. These landscapes and morphologies are associated with the erosion of detrital materials, soft materials, deserts, dry lakes, volcanic rocks, and intrusive rocks or associated with karst modelling and within this landscape in exokarstic and endokarstic forms (caves and pits). All these landscapes, used wisely, provide the films with personality.
{"title":"Geology in the setting and landscape of the cinematographic work","authors":"Marc Martínez Parra","doi":"10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/005","url":null,"abstract":"Cinematography, as the seventh art, uses the unique geological landscape in the setting of its creations. Geology, like everything that is related to its essence, is perceived by the human being through all its senses, reflected in its translation to the cinematographic work in terms of the setting of different scenarios, natural or artificial, where the filmic action unfolds. The various lithologies and their natural weathering form picturesque places, used in cinematography to represent the narrated stories and convey sensations to the viewer. These landscapes and morphologies are associated with the erosion of detrital materials, soft materials, deserts, dry lakes, volcanic rocks, and intrusive rocks or associated with karst modelling and within this landscape in exokarstic and endokarstic forms (caves and pits). All these landscapes, used wisely, provide the films with personality.","PeriodicalId":45458,"journal":{"name":"BOLETIN GEOLOGICO Y MINERO","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48536595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/006
Rosa Robador Boixereu, Alejandro Robador Moreno
This work relates the various phenomena that act in the earth’s crust and the geological materials with ways of projecting architecture. To carry out this reflection, the work has been divided into two essays. The first one, theoretical, exposes the relations which exist between geology and architecture. It describes, on one hand, the importance of knowing the mechanical behavior of materials; on the other hand, it refers to the relationship of architecture with its environment and in particular the benefits that can be gained from it; in a final section, the types of geological processes which have had influence in the architecture are presented. The second essay of the paper applies the theories previously announced with the description of some selected projects. Due to its close relationship with the matter and energy of the Earth, the work by architect Fernando Menis has been chosen to perform the analysis. The description is divided into four different projects: Hatching, El Guincho pool, Santísimo Redentor church and Insular Athletics Centre in Tenerife, chosen as representative of each geological phenomenon considered. Finally, one last case study, the MAGMA Congress building is analyzed as a comprehensive example where all the above phenomena are exposed.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/003
I. Rábano
The Commission for the Geological Map of Spain planned a monumental work in the 19th century, the “Synopsis of the fossil species found in Spain”, in which descriptions of the characteristic fossils of geological periods had to be combined with their illustrations in a paleontographic atlas. The objective was to constitute an auxiliary tool for those people who, without reference books at their reach, could determine in a practical way the Spanish geological formations. This work, which was to be published over several years, was entrusted to the mining engineer Lucas Mallada y Pueyo. The fossil drawings were handled by three artists: Teresa Madasú, José Cebrián and Fernando de los Villares Amor. The work was never completed, but between 1875 and 1892 250 plates of Cambrian to Paleogene fossils were published, most of them (206) drawn by Teresa Madasú, who therefore stands as the pioneer of paleontological illustration in Spain.
西班牙地质地图委员会在19世纪计划了一项不朽的工作，即“西班牙发现的化石物种简介”，其中对地质时期特征化石的描述必须与古地理图集中的插图相结合。其目的是为那些在没有参考书的情况下能够以实用的方式确定西班牙地质构造的人提供一个辅助工具。这项工作将在几年内出版，委托给了采矿工程师Lucas Mallada y Pueyo。化石画由三位艺术家处理：Teresa Madasú、JoséCebrián和Fernando de los Villares Amor。这项工作从未完成，但在1875年至1892年间，出版了250块寒武纪至古近纪化石，其中大部分（206块）由Teresa Madasú绘制，因此她是西班牙古生物插图的先驱。
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/007
Octavio Puche Riart, Mariano Ayarzagüena Sanz
At the end of the 60s of the 20th century, a group of mostly Anglo-Saxon artists began a series of works in a context of social struggle and the beginning of the environmental movement that gave rise to what has been called land art and earthworks. Since then these initiatives have had extensive development. The historical study of these works, their symbolic meaning, their impact on the development of contemporary art and the role played as an engine of development of the territories where such works have been carried out will be the main objective of this work. These artistic works are executed on the territory and remain inextricably linked to it, where man leaves his mark on nature. They are actions that build, destroy or modify the landscape to a greater or lesser extent, since they frequently acquire large dimensions. Since the end of the 20th century, some artistic interventions will be carried out to revalue the landscape of mines, quarries and salt mines, particularly after its closure. It can be said that these works show a certain ephemeral character, depending on the qualities of the geological materials and the climate, being exposed to the direct action of the meteors, and in any case, it is an outdoor art. Ecological or environmental artists will see their initiatives enhanced after the approval of the first protectionist laws in the 70s. These artists work in mines and quarries, mainly from the point of view of landscape and environmental recovery.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/004
jorge Ordaz Gargallo
In this article the relations between geological sciences and literature of fiction, especially with science-fiction, are reviewed. The consolidation of geology as a scientific specialization in the first half of XIXth century attracted some writers of adventure and fantasy novels who used, among other topics, matters based on geological knowledge. Some of the most representative works in this field, published in the XIXth and XXth centuries, by authors as Jules Verne, Arthur Conan Doyle, Edgar Rice Burroughs, H. P. Lovecraft, Vladimir Obruchev, Arthur C. Clarke, George Gaylord Simpson and Sarah Andrews, are mentioned. Their contributions are divided in sections according to the aspects involved: the hollow Earth and the exploration of its inner part; the lost worlds (superficial, subterranean and extraterrestrial), inhabited by extinct animals; the prehistoric times and its antediluvian fauna; trips to other geological epochs, above all the Mesozoic times of the great dinosaurs; volcanoes, earthquakes and other natural disasters; and mines and mineral deposits. Finally, the geology of certain literary territories and the geologist, men or women, as a main character in fiction are also taken into account.
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.21701/bolgeomin/133.2/009
Willem Arend Zevenhuizen
A complex stack of tectonic imbricates is mapped and studied in the Nevado-Filábride Complex of the Macael-Cóbdar area of the Sierra de los Filabres. The lithostratigraphy and geological structure are unravelled, documenting key outcrops in the heavily quarried area that is famous for its pure white marble. Four principal successive stages of deformation are recognized, based on careful field work. Initial SW-verging folding and thrusting was followed by extensional, top-to-the-NW shearing. Late N-verging folding and thrusting is also prominent. The resulting lithostratigraphic and tectonic subdivision is compared with some of the previous investigations in the area, which span over 6 decades. The findings assert the importance of using detailed local field data and the difficulty to apply a simple stratigraphic or tectonic model for this part of the Betic Zone.
在Sierra de los Filabres的Macael-Cóbdar地区的Nevado Filábride杂岩中，绘制并研究了一个复杂的构造叠瓦岩堆。岩石地层学和地质结构被揭示，记录了这个以纯白色大理石闻名的采石场的关键露头。根据仔细的实地工作，识别出变形的四个主要连续阶段。最初的西南边缘褶皱和逆冲作用之后是伸展的、从顶部到西北的剪切作用。晚北向褶皱和逆冲作用也很突出。将由此产生的岩石地层和构造细分与该地区过去60多年的一些调查进行了比较。这些发现表明，使用详细的局部野外数据很重要，而对这部分Betic带应用简单的地层或构造模型很困难。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.21701/bolgeomin/133.2/004
Javier González-Posada Elechiguerra, Carlos Paredes Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel Ropero Azañón
Since its inauguration in the 1989/90 campaign, the Spanish Antarctic Base Gabriel de Castilla (BAEGC) has supported an increasing volume of scientific projects, stimulating the expansion of its facilities. The permafrost soil on which they are located is affected by changing thermal and periglacial conditions that disturb its mechanical and physical characteristics. This paper analyzes the foundation behavior of a building (18.5x6.5x2.7 m long – wide – height, around 104 kg in operation supported on 16 posts) through the geomechanical study (stresses and deformations) of the ground during the winter and southern summer seasons, supported by three types of foundations: piles, footings and slabs. These are commonly recommended as support elements in periglacial soils affected by thermal-seasonal variations. The geotechnical properties have been obtained from stress-tests on soil samples collected in the surroundings of the BAEGC, General Marvá Army Engineers Laboratory (INTA). Considering the thermal variations in the tests on frozen and unfrozen samples, the geotechnical column type has been established and extended along the profile of the 2D domain. The stationary stress-strain equations with a constitutive Mohr-Coulomb rupture model have been solved using finite elements in MIDAS GTS-NX, for each season and each foundation, discretizing with a triangular or quadrangular mesh adapted to the 2D domain geometry with the foundation. The numerical results show that, in any tested case, there is no critical ground failure, and the foundation with the smallest displacement (about 0.036 m), both in summer and winter, is the 1.2 m foundation placed at 0.5 m depth on permafrost.
自1989/90年战役成立以来，西班牙南极基地Gabriel de Castilla（BAEGC）支持了越来越多的科学项目，刺激了其设施的扩建。它们所在的永久冻土受到不断变化的热条件和冰缘条件的影响，这些条件干扰了其力学和物理特性。本文通过对冬季和夏季南部地面的地质力学研究（应力和变形），分析了由三种类型的基础支撑的建筑物（18.5x6.5x2.7m长-宽-高，在16根支柱上运行时约104kg）的地基性能：桩、基脚和板。这些通常被推荐为受热季节变化影响的冰缘土壤中的支撑元件。岩土工程特性是通过对在BAEGC、MarváArmy Engineers General Laboratory（INTA）周围采集的土壤样本进行应力测试获得的。考虑到冻结和未冻结样品测试中的热变化，已经建立了岩土柱类型，并沿着2D域的剖面进行了扩展。使用MIDAS GTS-NX中的有限元，针对每个季节和每个基础，使用适用于基础二维域几何的三角形或四边形网格离散化，求解了具有本构Mohr-Coulomb破裂模型的稳态应力-应变方程。数值结果表明，在任何测试情况下，都不存在临界地面破坏，夏季和冬季位移最小（约0.036m）的地基是位于永久冻土上0.5m深度的1.2m地基。
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