Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-29DOI: 10.1007/s40588-023-00201-w
Hana McMahon-Cole, Alicia Johnson, Sara Sadat Aghamiri, Tomáš Helikar, Lindsey B Crawford
Purpose of review: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), while asymptomatic in most, causes significant complications during fetal development, following transplant or in immunosuppressed individuals. The host-virus interactions regulating viral latency and reactivation and viral control of the cellular environment (immune regulation, differentiation, epigenetics) are highly complex. Understanding these processes is essential to controlling infection and can be leveraged as a novel approach for understanding basic cell biology.
Recent findings: Immune digital twins (IDTs) are digital simulations integrating knowledge of human immunology, physiology, and patient-specific clinical data to predict individualized immune responses and targeted treatments. Recent studies used IDTs to elucidate mechanisms of T cells, dendritic cells, and epigenetic control-all key to HCMV biology.
Summary: Here, we discuss how leveraging the unique biology of HCMV and IDTs will clarify immune response dynamics, host-virus interactions, and viral latency and reactivation and serve as a powerful IDT-validation platform for individualized and holistic health management.
{"title":"Modeling and Remodeling the Cell: How Digital Twins and HCMV Can Elucidate the Complex Interactions of Viral Latency, Epigenetic Regulation, and Immune Responses.","authors":"Hana McMahon-Cole, Alicia Johnson, Sara Sadat Aghamiri, Tomáš Helikar, Lindsey B Crawford","doi":"10.1007/s40588-023-00201-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40588-023-00201-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), while asymptomatic in most, causes significant complications during fetal development, following transplant or in immunosuppressed individuals. The host-virus interactions regulating viral latency and reactivation and viral control of the cellular environment (immune regulation, differentiation, epigenetics) are highly complex. Understanding these processes is essential to controlling infection and can be leveraged as a novel approach for understanding basic cell biology.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Immune digital twins (IDTs) are digital simulations integrating knowledge of human immunology, physiology, and patient-specific clinical data to predict individualized immune responses and targeted treatments. Recent studies used IDTs to elucidate mechanisms of T cells, dendritic cells, and epigenetic control-all key to HCMV biology.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Here, we discuss how leveraging the unique biology of HCMV and IDTs will clarify immune response dynamics, host-virus interactions, and viral latency and reactivation and serve as a powerful IDT-validation platform for individualized and holistic health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":45506,"journal":{"name":"Current Clinical Microbiology Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10601359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44737884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.1007/s40588-023-00196-4
Amy C. Chambers
{"title":"Contagion Went Viral: Microbiology, Entertainment Media and the Public Understanding of Science","authors":"Amy C. Chambers","doi":"10.1007/s40588-023-00196-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-023-00196-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45506,"journal":{"name":"Current Clinical Microbiology Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"152 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46490547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1007/s40588-023-00197-3
Jun Tachikawa, Y. Aizawa, A. Saitoh
{"title":"Severe Disease in Children with Parechovirus-A Infection","authors":"Jun Tachikawa, Y. Aizawa, A. Saitoh","doi":"10.1007/s40588-023-00197-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-023-00197-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45506,"journal":{"name":"Current Clinical Microbiology Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"75 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43991105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s40588-023-00200-x
K. Nwachukwu, O. Ugbogu, E. Nwarunma, C. Nwankpa
{"title":"Eliminating Candida auris: Between Ultraviolet-C Radiations and Medicinal Plants, Which One Is Better?","authors":"K. Nwachukwu, O. Ugbogu, E. Nwarunma, C. Nwankpa","doi":"10.1007/s40588-023-00200-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-023-00200-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45506,"journal":{"name":"Current Clinical Microbiology Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"131 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42580784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.1007/s40588-023-00198-2
D. Aydemir, N. N. Ulusu
{"title":"The Role of the Oxidative Stress-Inflammation Axis in the COVID-19-Infected Patients with Chagas Disease: A Key Parameter To Be Considered During the Pandemic","authors":"D. Aydemir, N. N. Ulusu","doi":"10.1007/s40588-023-00198-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-023-00198-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45506,"journal":{"name":"Current Clinical Microbiology Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"108 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41411825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s40588-023-00188-4
Jillian Freese, Sinem Beyhan
Purpose of review: Fungi represent a central yet often overlooked domain of clinically relevant pathogens that have become increasingly important in human disease. With unique adaptive lifestyles that vary widely across species, human fungal pathogens show remarkable diversity in their virulence strategies. The majority of these fungal pathogens are opportunistic, primarily existing in the environment or as commensals that take advantage of immunocompromised hosts to cause disease. In addition, many fungal pathogens have evolved from non-pathogenic lifestyles. The extent of genetic diversity and heritability of virulence traits remains poorly explored in human fungal pathogens.
Recent findings: Genetic variation caused by mutations, genomic rearrangements, gene gain or loss, changes in ploidy, and sexual reproduction have profound effects on genetic diversity. These mechanisms contribute to the remarkable diversity of fungal genomes and have large impacts on their prevalence in human disease, virulence, and resistance to antifungal therapies.
Summary: Here, we focus on the genomic structure of the most common human fungal pathogens and the aspects of genetic variability that contribute to their dominance in human disease.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Human Fungal Pathogens.","authors":"Jillian Freese, Sinem Beyhan","doi":"10.1007/s40588-023-00188-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-023-00188-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Fungi represent a central yet often overlooked domain of clinically relevant pathogens that have become increasingly important in human disease. With unique adaptive lifestyles that vary widely across species, human fungal pathogens show remarkable diversity in their virulence strategies. The majority of these fungal pathogens are opportunistic, primarily existing in the environment or as commensals that take advantage of immunocompromised hosts to cause disease. In addition, many fungal pathogens have evolved from non-pathogenic lifestyles. The extent of genetic diversity and heritability of virulence traits remains poorly explored in human fungal pathogens.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Genetic variation caused by mutations, genomic rearrangements, gene gain or loss, changes in ploidy, and sexual reproduction have profound effects on genetic diversity. These mechanisms contribute to the remarkable diversity of fungal genomes and have large impacts on their prevalence in human disease, virulence, and resistance to antifungal therapies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Here, we focus on the genomic structure of the most common human fungal pathogens and the aspects of genetic variability that contribute to their dominance in human disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45506,"journal":{"name":"Current Clinical Microbiology Reports","volume":"10 2","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10310308/pdf/nihms-1910183.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10120220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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