Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1080/01615449709601181
Rodney M. Ito, B. Gratton, Joey Wycoff
For those interested in historical evidence the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the U.S. decennial censuses present attractive resources and among their most appealing aspects is the opportunity they offer for comparative analyses across time. In this article we focus on just this appeal: comparative use of the 1940 and 1950 PUMS....We review critically the original censuses and the samples taken from them in an effort to provide a `users guide for researchers. We identify some of the more salient features of the original 1940 and 1950 censuses describe how sampling teams drew the PUMS data sets from them and then discuss the consequences of both the original and subsequent sampling designs. (EXCERPT)
{"title":"Using the 1940 and 1950 Public Use Microdata Samples.","authors":"Rodney M. Ito, B. Gratton, Joey Wycoff","doi":"10.1080/01615449709601181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615449709601181","url":null,"abstract":"For those interested in historical evidence the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the U.S. decennial censuses present attractive resources and among their most appealing aspects is the opportunity they offer for comparative analyses across time. In this article we focus on just this appeal: comparative use of the 1940 and 1950 PUMS....We review critically the original censuses and the samples taken from them in an effort to provide a `users guide for researchers. We identify some of the more salient features of the original 1940 and 1950 censuses describe how sampling teams drew the PUMS data sets from them and then discuss the consequences of both the original and subsequent sampling designs. (EXCERPT)","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"30 1","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615449709601181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.1080/01615449709601183
T. Bengtsson, G. Broström
Distinguishing time series models by impulse response-A case study of mortality and population economy
用脉冲响应区分时间序列模型——以死亡率和人口经济为例
{"title":"Distinguishing time series models by impulse response-A case study of mortality and population economy","authors":"T. Bengtsson, G. Broström","doi":"10.1080/01615449709601183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615449709601183","url":null,"abstract":"Distinguishing time series models by impulse response-A case study of mortality and population economy","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"30 1","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615449709601183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1080/01615440.1996.10112735
J. Ferrie
This article describes a new sample of 4938 males linked from the new [U.S.] Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) of the 1850 federal census of population to the manuscript schedules of the 1860 federal census of population....After reviewing the existing work on individuals linked across the 1850s I describe the collection of the new sample in detail. I then use these data to examine the geographic mobility of the population (in particular movement to the western frontier). The Appendix contains new life tables for the 1850s--based on manuscript data from the mortality schedules of the 1850 census--that were used to estimate how many survivors could be expected between 1850 and 1860 in the linkage process. (EXCERPT)
{"title":"A New Sample of Males Linked from the Public Use Microdata Sample of the 1850 U.S. Federal Census of Population to the 1860 U.S. Federal Census Manuscript Schedules","authors":"J. Ferrie","doi":"10.1080/01615440.1996.10112735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1996.10112735","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a new sample of 4938 males linked from the new [U.S.] Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) of the 1850 federal census of population to the manuscript schedules of the 1860 federal census of population....After reviewing the existing work on individuals linked across the 1850s I describe the collection of the new sample in detail. I then use these data to examine the geographic mobility of the population (in particular movement to the western frontier). The Appendix contains new life tables for the 1850s--based on manuscript data from the mortality schedules of the 1850 census--that were used to estimate how many survivors could be expected between 1850 and 1860 in the linkage process. (EXCERPT)","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"29 1","pages":"141-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615440.1996.10112735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-06-01DOI: 10.1080/01615440.1995.9956361
M. Thaller
{"title":"The Archive on Top of Your Desk: An Introduction to Self-Documenting Image Files.","authors":"M. Thaller","doi":"10.1080/01615440.1995.9956361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1995.9956361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"28 1","pages":"133-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615440.1995.9956361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-01DOI: 10.1080/01615440.1995.9956357
B. Okun
A major controversy regarding fertility transitions in historical populations concerns whether the process consisted mainly of the diffusion of an innovation in stopping behavior termination of childbearing before the end of the reproductive lifespan or an adaptation to a new social and economic climate through more extensive spacing behavior deliberate prolongation of the intervals between births. The relative importance of stopping and spacing behaviors in fertility transitions also has implications for the general understanding of the way fertility-control decisions are made. This paper uses simulation methods to examine the ability of summary measures such as mean age at last birth and mean birth intervals to distinguish between the influence of increased stopping and spacing behaviors in fertility transitions. The author finds that while increases in some forms of spacing behavior do have a nonneglible negative impact upon mean age at last birth so that modest reductions in age last birth cannot on their own be used as conclusive evidence of increases in stopping behavior a technique such as McDonalds used together with changes in mean age at last birth can clearly differentiate between spacing behavior and stopping behavior. She also investigates the small-sample properties of mean age at last birth and finds that observed differences in mean age at last birth which are on the order of one or two years are unlikely to be due solely to the random variation which recurs in the small samples typically found in family reconstitution studies. The author found in subsequent analysis that examining changes in the pattern of increase of mean age at last birth with age at marriage is a more powerful way of distinguishing stopping from spacing than is examining changes in the overall mean age at last birth. Finally the author found that changes in the means of interbirth intervals prior to the last closed interval stratified by final parity are good diagnostic tools for distinguishing between stopping and spacing even when stopping behavior is less than 100% effective.
{"title":"Distinguishing stopping behavior from spacing behavior with indirect methods.","authors":"B. Okun","doi":"10.1080/01615440.1995.9956357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1995.9956357","url":null,"abstract":"A major controversy regarding fertility transitions in historical populations concerns whether the process consisted mainly of the diffusion of an innovation in stopping behavior termination of childbearing before the end of the reproductive lifespan or an adaptation to a new social and economic climate through more extensive spacing behavior deliberate prolongation of the intervals between births. The relative importance of stopping and spacing behaviors in fertility transitions also has implications for the general understanding of the way fertility-control decisions are made. This paper uses simulation methods to examine the ability of summary measures such as mean age at last birth and mean birth intervals to distinguish between the influence of increased stopping and spacing behaviors in fertility transitions. The author finds that while increases in some forms of spacing behavior do have a nonneglible negative impact upon mean age at last birth so that modest reductions in age last birth cannot on their own be used as conclusive evidence of increases in stopping behavior a technique such as McDonalds used together with changes in mean age at last birth can clearly differentiate between spacing behavior and stopping behavior. She also investigates the small-sample properties of mean age at last birth and finds that observed differences in mean age at last birth which are on the order of one or two years are unlikely to be due solely to the random variation which recurs in the small samples typically found in family reconstitution studies. The author found in subsequent analysis that examining changes in the pattern of increase of mean age at last birth with age at marriage is a more powerful way of distinguishing stopping from spacing than is examining changes in the overall mean age at last birth. Finally the author found that changes in the means of interbirth intervals prior to the last closed interval stratified by final parity are good diagnostic tools for distinguishing between stopping and spacing even when stopping behavior is less than 100% effective.","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"28 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1995-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615440.1995.9956357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-03-01DOI: 10.1080/01615440.1995.9956358
A. McDaniel, C. Grushka
This article argues that the accepted view of the mortality of enslaved Africans in the United States rests on fragile estimates; these estimates are not robust to flaws in the data....We examine the sensitivity of previous life table estimates for the African population of the United States to assumptions about the data. We combine modern demographic techniques and new model life tables--the Liberian model life tables--developed for the study of historical mortality....We focus our attention on two periods: 1850 to 1860 and 1860 to 1870. These periods cover the two major events that could have had an impact on the data namely the illegal slave trade and the American Civil War. (EXCERPT)
{"title":"Did Africans Live Longer in the Antebellum United States?: The Sensitivity of Mortality Estimates of Enslaved Africans","authors":"A. McDaniel, C. Grushka","doi":"10.1080/01615440.1995.9956358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1995.9956358","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the accepted view of the mortality of enslaved Africans in the United States rests on fragile estimates; these estimates are not robust to flaws in the data....We examine the sensitivity of previous life table estimates for the African population of the United States to assumptions about the data. We combine modern demographic techniques and new model life tables--the Liberian model life tables--developed for the study of historical mortality....We focus our attention on two periods: 1850 to 1860 and 1860 to 1870. These periods cover the two major events that could have had an impact on the data namely the illegal slave trade and the American Civil War. (EXCERPT)","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"28 1","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1995-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615440.1995.9956358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-01-01DOI: 10.1080/01615440.1995.9955311
S. Ruggles, J. Hacker, M. Sobek
(1995). General Design of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 28, The Minnesota Historical Census Project, pp. 33-39.
{"title":"General Design of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series","authors":"S. Ruggles, J. Hacker, M. Sobek","doi":"10.1080/01615440.1995.9955311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1995.9955311","url":null,"abstract":"(1995). General Design of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 28, The Minnesota Historical Census Project, pp. 33-39.","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"28 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615440.1995.9955311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-07-01DOI: 10.1080/01615440.1994.10594228
H. Voth
It was our purpose to show how the seasonality of baptisms can be employed to assess the speed with which holy days disappeared in early modern England. In a case study of Ludlow Shropshire it was demonstrated that old Catholic holy days exercised a strong but slowly declining influence on the timing of conceptions before outbreak of the Civil War. After the Restoration no connection between the seasonality of conceptions and old feast days can be discerned. These findings lend support to De Vriess hypothesis that labor input in the English economy between 1500 and 1700 must have increased very considerably. (EXCERPT)
{"title":"Seasonality of conceptions as a source for historical time-budget analysis: tracing the disappearance of holy days in early modern England.","authors":"H. Voth","doi":"10.1080/01615440.1994.10594228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1994.10594228","url":null,"abstract":"It was our purpose to show how the seasonality of baptisms can be employed to assess the speed with which holy days disappeared in early modern England. In a case study of Ludlow Shropshire it was demonstrated that old Catholic holy days exercised a strong but slowly declining influence on the timing of conceptions before outbreak of the Civil War. After the Restoration no connection between the seasonality of conceptions and old feast days can be discerned. These findings lend support to De Vriess hypothesis that labor input in the English economy between 1500 and 1700 must have increased very considerably. (EXCERPT)","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"8 1","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615440.1994.10594228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-01DOI: 10.1080/01615440.1993.9956352
S. Ruggles
The author discusses problems involved in modeling the effects of demographic factors on historical kinship patterns with a focus on microsimulation models. "Since microsimulations of kinship ignore the correlations in demographic behavior within kin groups they ordinarily understate the variance of kinship distributions; for many kin types they also underestimate the expected number of kin." The author concludes that "those who design demographic models of kinship should be sensitive to the potential for systematic error." (EXCERPT)
{"title":"Confessions of a microsimulator: problems in modeling the demography of kinship.","authors":"S. Ruggles","doi":"10.1080/01615440.1993.9956352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1993.9956352","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses problems involved in modeling the effects of demographic factors on historical kinship patterns with a focus on microsimulation models. \"Since microsimulations of kinship ignore the correlations in demographic behavior within kin groups they ordinarily understate the variance of kinship distributions; for many kin types they also underestimate the expected number of kin.\" The author concludes that \"those who design demographic models of kinship should be sensitive to the potential for systematic error.\" (EXCERPT)","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"26 1","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615440.1993.9956352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59231038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-01DOI: 10.1080/01615440.1992.9956339
S. Rogers
The author presents a case study of a French community "in which there exists a convenient fit between the manner in which data are organized in the national census on one hand and local notions about how families and households should be organized on the other. This means that data series from the census can in fact yield a revealing picture of patterns of change over time in...family organization....Although the French census has certainly not been designed specifically to accommodate the premises of [the towns] family organization it nonetheless happens to do so. This suggests that the census structure and family structure are sometimes related such that the one is a demonstrably satisfactory source of information about experience within the other even when each is premised on rather different ideas about family organization." (EXCERPT)
{"title":"When the Shoe Fits: Census Data, Oral History, and Stem Families in Southwest France","authors":"S. Rogers","doi":"10.1080/01615440.1992.9956339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1992.9956339","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents a case study of a French community \"in which there exists a convenient fit between the manner in which data are organized in the national census on one hand and local notions about how families and households should be organized on the other. This means that data series from the census can in fact yield a revealing picture of patterns of change over time in...family organization....Although the French census has certainly not been designed specifically to accommodate the premises of [the towns] family organization it nonetheless happens to do so. This suggests that the census structure and family structure are sometimes related such that the one is a demonstrably satisfactory source of information about experience within the other even when each is premised on rather different ideas about family organization.\" (EXCERPT)","PeriodicalId":45535,"journal":{"name":"Historical Methods","volume":"25 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01615440.1992.9956339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59230969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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