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Mixing Up Apples and Pears Can Work – Case Study of an Innovative Model of Social Enterprise From Slovakia 把苹果和梨混在一起可以奏效——斯洛伐克社会企业创新模式的案例研究
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0024
M. Chreneková, Monika Bumbalová, J. Jarábková
Abstract Social enterprises have the potential to address diverse issues, even when they fall off the radar of formal institutions e.g., by establishing partnerships that are new locally and nationally. The analysis offers a conceptual description of a model of social enterprise established by a regional self-government authority, that blends dual education and social economy and serves as an innovative agent of change. Case research was the approach used. The research revealed that the motivation behind the enterprise was social integration, increasing attractiveness of agriculture for young people and regional self-sufficiency. The partnership was recognized as the key element of the model design. The model brings social, economic and environmental change to employees and students but also to the whole environment. Such a model could be replicated and such collaboration could be put on the map of social enterprises.
摘要社会企业有潜力解决各种各样的问题,即使它们不在正式机构的关注范围内,例如通过建立新的地方和国家伙伴关系。该分析从概念上描述了一个地区自治当局建立的社会企业模式,该模式融合了双重教育和社会经济,是变革的创新推动者。采用案例研究的方法。研究表明,该企业背后的动机是社会融合、农业对年轻人的吸引力增加以及区域自给自足。伙伴关系被认为是模型设计的关键要素。该模式给员工和学生带来了社会、经济和环境的变化,也给整个环境带来了变化。这种模式可以复制,这种合作可以被纳入社会企业的版图。
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引用次数: 0
Social Work in Social Farming in the Concept of Empowerment 赋权理念下的社会农业社会工作
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0025
Eliška Hudcová
Abstract This article aims to present social farming from the perspective of social work; it, therefore, explores the added value of agriculture. More specifically, it adapts the concept of empowerment to the conditions of working with participants with disabilities on social farms. In general, the concept of empowerment is described as the acquisition and use of skills to meet one's own needs and gain control over one's own life. Further, the empowerment of groups and communities is understood as gaining rights and straightening the system. It is a systematic method of work used with people with health or social disadvantage, fragile groups and communities. Using participant observation protocols from the stays on different social farms gathered within the project led in four European countries, the form, benefits, and limits of the concept of empowerment are investigated in this alternative agricultural environment. The paper summarises that the process of empowerment on social farms takes several forms at the individual level. Still, when it comes to the acquisition of power by a group or community in conjunction with participation, the use of the concept is limited.
本文旨在从社会工作的视角来呈现社会农业;因此,它探讨了农业的附加值。更具体地说,它使赋权的概念适应与社会农场残疾参与者一起工作的条件。一般来说,赋权的概念被描述为获得和使用技能来满足自己的需求,并获得对自己生活的控制。此外,赋予群体和社区权力被理解为获得权利和理顺制度。这是一种系统的工作方法,用于健康或社会弱势群体、脆弱群体和社区。在四个欧洲国家领导的项目中,利用来自不同社会农场的参与者观察协议,研究了在这种替代农业环境中赋权概念的形式、好处和局限性。本文总结了社会农场的授权过程在个人层面上有几种形式。然而,当涉及到一个群体或社区在参与的情况下获得权力时,这个概念的使用是有限的。
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引用次数: 0
Producer Organisations in an Export-Oriented Value Chain: What Motivates Small-Scale Farmers in Kosovo to Collaborate? 出口导向价值链中的生产者组织:科索沃小规模农民合作的动机是什么?
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0019
Theresa Bäuml, J. Möllers, T. Dufhues, A. Wolz, D. Traikova
Abstract Producer organisations bear great potential to link small-scale farmers to markets. In post-communist economies, historically negative attitudes towards cooperatives are blamed as barriers to collaboration, but little is known about the broader range of motives to (not) cooperate. We use a structural equation model to analyse cooperation intentions in Kosovo’s emerging export-oriented raspberry sector. In this context, negative images surrounding cooperation seem to belong to the past. Widespread positive attitudes towards joining producer organisations were driven by the wish to facilitate farm commercialisation. The most substantial influence on cooperation intentions came from the norms passed on by the family and farm advisory services. Yet, results beyond the econometric model show that a lack of information and knowledge and lack of institutional trust, mainly doubts about the feasibility of producer organisations, could hinder their spread and success.
摘要生产者组织具有将小规模农民与市场联系起来的巨大潜力。在后共产主义经济体中,历史上对合作社的负面态度被认为是合作的障碍,但人们对(不)合作的更广泛动机知之甚少。我们使用结构方程模型来分析科索沃新兴的出口导向型树莓行业的合作意向。在这种背景下,围绕合作的负面形象似乎已经成为过去。促进农业商业化的愿望推动了人们对加入生产者组织的广泛积极态度。对合作意向的最大影响来自家庭和农场咨询服务机构传递的规范。然而,计量经济学模型之外的结果表明,缺乏信息和知识以及缺乏机构信任,主要是对生产者组织可行性的怀疑,可能会阻碍其传播和成功。
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引用次数: 0
Rural Areas in Poland – Changes Since Joining the European Union 波兰农村地区——加入欧盟以来的变化
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0021
K. Heffner, Małgorzata Twardzik
Abstract Rural areas are experiencing a dynamic, multidirectional change. It is the result of impact of many processes, including rapid, often spontaneous urbanisation and structural transformation in the agricultural sector and temporary and permanent movements of the population. Changes in the spatial structures of the countryside, on the one hand, influenced by European programmes and measures, linked to the processes of modernisation and organisation of rural settlements and economic systems. On the other hand, rapid economic development and spontaneous investment are resulting in the expansion of the urban forms of land use – not only in the immediate surroundings of the cities and towns, but also in remote, peripheral areas dominated until recently by farming. The paper presents the genesis of contemporary land use in rural areas in Poland, linking the countryside structures with the intensity and forms of residency and user economies in the rural areas. The main drivers of change, significantly affecting the emerging forms of farming villages, are processes of intensive suburbanisation and semi-urbanisation, the phenomenon of progressive peripherisation of large areas in different parts of the country, the depopulation of the countryside and profound changes in the demographic structure of the population, improvement of infrastructure and transport accessibility and economic revival of villages. There are also important issues related to advantages such as natural and cultural values of the village. The aim of the article is to present the main directions of functional and spatial transformations of rural areas in Poland from the beginning of the 21st century. The main hypothesis is that the development of rural areas in Poland proceeds in two directions: Urban “colonization”, which involves the invasion of both single- and multi-family housing in the surroundings of traditional villages and in areas previously used for agricultural purposes, is becoming increasingly widespread; this follows restructuring and diversification (spatial and functional) in urbanized rural areas. Much indicates that the rational development and use of rural areas will be one of the main challenges of Poland in the near future.
农村正经历着动态的、多向的变化。它是许多进程的影响的结果,包括迅速的、往往是自发的城市化和农业部门的结构转变以及人口的临时和永久流动。农村空间结构的变化,一方面受到欧洲方案和措施的影响,与农村住区和经济体系的现代化和组织进程有关。另一方面,快速的经济发展和自发的投资正在导致城市土地利用形式的扩大- -不仅在城市和城镇的邻近地区,而且在直到最近还以农业为主的偏远边缘地区。本文介绍了波兰农村地区当代土地利用的起源,将农村结构与农村地区居住和用户经济的强度和形式联系起来。变化的主要驱动因素,显著影响着农村的新兴形式,是密集的郊区化和半城市化进程,全国不同地区大面积逐步外围化的现象,农村人口减少和人口结构的深刻变化,基础设施和交通可达性的改善以及村庄的经济复兴。还有一些重要的问题与村庄的自然和文化价值等优势有关。本文的目的是呈现21世纪初波兰农村地区功能和空间转型的主要方向。主要的假设是,波兰农村地区的发展有两个方向:城市“殖民化”越来越普遍,这涉及传统村庄周围和以前用于农业目的地区的单户和多户住房的入侵;这是城市化农村地区结构调整和多样化(空间和功能)的结果。许多迹象表明,合理发展和利用农村地区将是波兰在不久的将来面临的主要挑战之一。
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引用次数: 2
Decentralised Funding Activities of the Leader Local Action Groups of the North Hungarian Region from a Governancepoint of View 从政府角度看北匈牙利地区地方行动小组领导人的分散资助活动
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0011
Adél Veselicz, J. Pénzes, Csaba Patkós
Abstract Our article investigates the utilisation of EU support from the EFARD Axes 3 and 4 in the 2007–2013 period in North Hungary, with a special emphasis on the role of the LEADER local action groups (LAGs) and their forms of governance. A brief study ofthe results of the 2014–2020 period was also included. The distribution of resources was examined by a spatial inequality indicator, the Gini coefficient. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the level and forms of governance in the case of LAGs. Our research results suggest that the distribution of Axis 3 resources within local action groups shows greater inequality in fewer LAGs. The Axis 4 denotes higher inequality. The level of governance of LAGs is relatively low as it is achieved through strong local leaders. This may explain high spatial inequalities of fund distribution.
摘要我们的文章调查了2007-2013年期间欧盟在北匈牙利对EFARD Axes 3和4的支持,特别强调了领导层地方行动小组(LAG)的作用及其治理形式。还包括对2014-2010年期间结果的简要研究。通过空间不平等指标基尼系数来审查资源的分配情况。此外,还进行了一项问卷调查,以探讨LAG的治理水平和形式。我们的研究结果表明,Axis 3资源在地方行动小组中的分布在较少的LAG中显示出更大的不平等。轴4表示更高的不等式。LAG的治理水平相对较低,因为它是通过强有力的地方领导人实现的。这可以解释资金分配的高度空间不平等。
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引用次数: 1
Bohemian Switzerland: Long-Term Spatiotemporal Transformations of Tourism Facilities in Rural Peripheries Between the Regulations and Access for All 波希米亚瑞士:在法规和全民通行之间,农村周边旅游设施的长期时空转变
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0016
Michaela Štěbetáková, V. Hruška, P. Raška
Abstract Bohemian Switzerland (České Švýcarsko) is a name that has been associated with the prominent area of sandstone landscapes located in Northern Czechia (Central Europe). Over the last centuries, the development of the area and the locational transformation of tourism facilities has been influenced by multiscalar effects of transforming geopolitical context, economic restructuring, and changing value orientation and expectation toward tourism and nature conservation. In this paper, we use narrative documentary sources to show how these changes affected the capacity, spatial diffusion and variability of tourist facilities and services in the area. In particular, we explore and discuss the ways in which public authorities and other groups of stakeholders attempted to balance the tourism-led local development and rights to public access with nature conservation and sustainable community livelihood.
摘要波西米亚瑞士(ČeskéŠvýcarsko)是一个与位于捷克北部(中欧)的砂岩景观突出区域有关的名称。在过去的几个世纪里,该地区的发展和旅游设施的区位转型受到了地缘政治背景变化、经济结构调整以及旅游和自然保护价值取向和期望变化的多层面影响。在本文中,我们使用叙述性文献资料来展示这些变化如何影响该地区旅游设施和服务的容量、空间扩散和可变性。特别是,我们探讨和讨论了公共当局和其他利益相关者团体试图在旅游业主导的地方发展和公众进入权与自然保护和可持续社区生计之间取得平衡的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Is Visitor Satisfaction High Enough? A Case of Rural Tourism Destination, South Bohemia 访客满意度是否足够高?以南波西米亚乡村旅游目的地为例
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0017
P. Štumpf, P. Janeček, V. Vojtko
Abstract Satisfaction of visitors in tourism destinations is one of the most discussed topics in destination management and marketing. Many destinations report high satisfaction of their visitors. The objective of this study is to analyze overall satisfaction and satisfaction components in eleven tourism areas within South Bohemia, a typical Czech rural region, and to define the high level of satisfaction using benchmarking as a methodological approach. Using ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation, we identified the high level of satisfaction following the against-the-best benchmarking and the against-the-industry average approach. The results also show that perceived atmosphere in a destination, willingness to help and friendliness are the most significant components correlating with overall satisfaction.
摘要旅游目的地游客满意度是旅游目的地管理和营销中讨论最多的话题之一。许多目的地都表示游客满意度很高。本研究的目的是分析南波希米亚(一个典型的捷克农村地区)11个旅游区的总体满意度和满意度成分,并将基准作为一种方法论方法来定义高满意度。使用ANOVA和Pearson的相关性,我们确定了遵循最佳基准和行业平均方法的高满意度。研究结果还表明,目的地的感知氛围、帮助意愿和友好是与整体满意度相关的最重要的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Vienna’s South-Eastern Hinterlands: Regional Development in the Austrian-Hungarian Border Area, 1910–2011 维也纳东南腹地:奥匈边境地区的区域发展,1910-2011
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0012
F. Jankó, Zsolt Bottlik, R. Győri
Abstract Formed from the westernmost territories of Hungary, Burgenland became a part of Austria a hundred years ago. The aim of the paper is to answer the question of how Burgenland became integrated into the Austrian society and economy, how its regional inequalities and rural character changed in comparison to the neighbouring Austrian and Hungarian areas, under the influence of Vienna’s major role. The analysis is based on the census data of 1910, 1960/61, 2001 and 2011 and on the mapping of different social and economic indicators. Our data revealed that one hundred years ago, the northern, more prosperous area of Western Hungary was an integral part of the rural hinterland of the imperial capital, Vienna, in stark contrast to the region’s southern periphery. After World War II, however, a steep west-east gradient emerged in the borderland along the Iron Curtain, while the traditional north-south disparity continued to exist on both sides of the new border. During the political transformation in the early 1990s, and even more after Hungary’s EU accession (2004), the former hard border ceased to exist in this region, while Vienna regained its former economic importance and influence. After 1990, the patterns of regional disparities changed rapidly in Hungary, and the western part achieved a leading position within Hungary in every dimension of economic prosperity. In line with this, while the Austrian rural regions in Burgenland and between Vienna and Graz showed remarkable infrastructural progress, Southern Burgenland remained peripheral regarding economic activity.
布尔根兰州由匈牙利最西部的领土形成,一百年前成为奥地利的一部分。本文的目的是回答以下问题:布尔根兰州是如何融入奥地利社会和经济的,与邻近的奥地利和匈牙利地区相比,在维也纳的主要作用的影响下,其地区不平等和农村特征是如何变化的。该分析基于1910年、1960/61年、2001年和2011年的人口普查数据以及对不同社会和经济指标的绘制。我们的数据显示,一百年前,匈牙利西部更繁荣的北部地区是帝国首都维也纳农村腹地的一个组成部分,与该地区的南部边缘形成鲜明对比。然而,第二次世界大战后,铁幕沿线的边界出现了陡峭的东西梯度,而传统的南北差距在新边界两侧继续存在。在20世纪90年代初的政治转型期间,甚至在匈牙利加入欧盟(2004年)之后,该地区不再存在以前的硬边界,而维也纳则恢复了以前的经济重要性和影响力。1990年后,匈牙利的地区差异模式迅速改变,西部地区在匈牙利的各个经济繁荣方面都处于领先地位。与此相一致,尽管奥地利布尔根兰州以及维也纳和格拉茨之间的农村地区在基础设施方面取得了显著进展,但布尔根兰州南部在经济活动方面仍然处于边缘地位。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial Trends of Grassland Changes Based on Hungarian Local Studies After 1990 with a Macro-Regional Perspective 宏观区域视角下1990年以后匈牙利地方草地变化的空间趋势
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0020
K. Kovács, Vera Iváncsics, Zsombor Boromisza, I. Valánszki
Abstract Grasslands contribute to the ecological diversity of our cultural landscapes. In the last centuries, the most important trend was a constant loss of this valuable asset due to urbanization and the intensification of cultivation. Studies focusing on grasslands are not so abundant, and especially analyses on the spatial trends of grasslands in Eastern-Central Europe are scarce. Focusing on Hungarian local studies, we analyze our results from a macro-regional perspective, with a draft study of the V4 countries (Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland). The authors employed GIS and statistical methods to analyze data to explore trends of changes of grasslands in V4 countries, Hungary, and in three micro-regions of different landscape character. These include an open landscape, partly intensively cultivated (micro-region of Csorna), and two more diverse landscapes with different proportion of forests (micro-regions of Gönc and Veszprém). Our results show that very complex, sometimes opposite processes influence the area of grasslands. In spite of the fact that an increase in the area of grasslands is witnessed at both the national and the international level in absolute values, recently, unfavorable processes have started, and there are certain landscapes where grasslands are threatened especially natural grassland by forestation and grasslands where soil conditions are suitable for crop production. Our results showed that despite the different landscape conditions, the majority of grassland has been turned into arable land and into shrubs and forest area. The loss of pastures due to urban sprawl is a dominant process just around the built-up area of city of Veszprém in the most urbanized study area.
摘要草原有助于我们文化景观的生态多样性。在过去的几个世纪里,最重要的趋势是由于城市化和种植业的集约化,这一宝贵资产不断流失。对草原的研究并不丰富,尤其是对中欧东部草原空间趋势的分析很少。以匈牙利的地方研究为重点,我们从宏观区域角度分析了我们的结果,并对V4国家(斯洛伐克、捷克共和国、匈牙利和波兰)进行了研究草案。作者采用GIS和统计方法对V4国家、匈牙利和三个不同景观特征的微观区域的草原变化趋势进行了分析。其中包括一个开放的景观,部分集中耕种(Csorna微观区域),以及两个森林比例不同的更多样化的景观(Gönc和Veszprém微观区域)。我们的研究结果表明,非常复杂,有时相反的过程会影响草原面积。尽管在国家和国际层面上,草原面积的绝对值都有所增加,但最近,不利的过程已经开始,一些景观的草原受到威胁,特别是植树造林的天然草原和土壤条件适合作物生产的草原。我们的研究结果表明,尽管景观条件不同,但大多数草地已经变成了耕地和灌木林。在城市化程度最高的研究区,Veszprém市建成区附近,由于城市扩张而失去牧场是一个主要过程。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Specialisation and Management in Italian Farms Through a Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling Approach 用偏最小二乘结构方程建模方法分析意大利农场的专业化和管理
IF 1.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2022-0018
N. Galluzzo
Abstract Using Italian data published by the Farm Accountancy Data Network, this study investigates whether certain variables such as labour, assets, crops, cost, and financial subsides allocated through the Common Agricultural Policy are able to act on the management and on the productive specialisation of Italian farms, and focuses on assessing the main relationships that exist between these variables and the items correlated to them in 8 main types of farming for the period 2004–2019. The results have revealed that while the type of farming practiced has had an influence on farm management, the impact of financial subsides allocated through the CAP has differed. This research fills a gap in the literature by investigating the main relationships that exist between farm specialisation and farm management through the PLSSEM. that enables the identification of which variables have the greatest influence on the management of Italian farms.
利用意大利农场会计数据网络发布的数据,本研究调查了通过共同农业政策分配的劳动力、资产、作物、成本和财政补贴等某些变量是否能够对意大利农场的管理和生产专业化起作用,并重点评估了2004-2019年期间8种主要农业类型中这些变量与相关项目之间存在的主要关系。结果表明,虽然耕作方式对农场管理有影响,但通过共同农业政策分配的财政补贴的影响有所不同。本研究通过PLSSEM调查农场专业化和农场管理之间存在的主要关系,填补了文献中的空白。这样就可以确定哪些变量对意大利农场的管理影响最大。
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引用次数: 0
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European Countryside
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