Abstract This article describes the extent and nature of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of communitybased organisations in rural Poland. The analytical foundation of the study is the research carried out in 2021 on a sample of three hundred and thirty-three rural NGOs. The negative and positive impact of the pandemic on the activities of these organisations were noted. Negative phenomena include a significant slowing down of existing tasks, abandonment of the completion of projects, an exodus of volunteers and active members. The bottom-up organised activity of the rural third sector during the pandemic also brought about noticeable positive phenomena: a widening of the activity field of organisations by new dimensions, an expansion of the cooperation network of rural organisations, and a significant increase in the appreciation of civic activity as a result of the speed and flexibility of self-help activities.
{"title":"Polish Rural Non-Governmental Organizations During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Wojciech Knieć, Tomasz Marcysiak, Elwira Piszczek","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article describes the extent and nature of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of communitybased organisations in rural Poland. The analytical foundation of the study is the research carried out in 2021 on a sample of three hundred and thirty-three rural NGOs. The negative and positive impact of the pandemic on the activities of these organisations were noted. Negative phenomena include a significant slowing down of existing tasks, abandonment of the completion of projects, an exodus of volunteers and active members. The bottom-up organised activity of the rural third sector during the pandemic also brought about noticeable positive phenomena: a widening of the activity field of organisations by new dimensions, an expansion of the cooperation network of rural organisations, and a significant increase in the appreciation of civic activity as a result of the speed and flexibility of self-help activities.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"313 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44017683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukáš Makáň, K. Ryglová, Ida Rašovská, P. Štumpf, J. Šácha
Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has undoubtedly influenced tourism and has led to a change in the consumer behaviour of tourists. The purpose of the study was to find out how the profile of the visitor of the rural area had changed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The quantitative survey with 1026 visitors was conducted and its results were analyzed within three main segments of visitors – groups with children, couples and the others (without children). The results of the research confirm the persisting fact – due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the demand in tourism is shifting from urban areas to rural ones, but overall tourists in research rural area can benefit from the fact that it is a relatively small area and can get the best of both rural areas as well as of near cities in the area. Visiting rural areas is generally a shorter-term option for all visitors, which does not require long-term planning. The findings confirmed that rural areas are a great opportunity for domestic tourism. The results bring a deeper and actual insight into the consumer behaviour of tourists in rural areas and at the same time the findings show the possibilities for service quality improvement. Both can be beneficial for service providers as well as destination managers.
{"title":"Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Tourist Behavior: A Case Study on South Moravia","authors":"Lukáš Makáň, K. Ryglová, Ida Rašovská, P. Štumpf, J. Šácha","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has undoubtedly influenced tourism and has led to a change in the consumer behaviour of tourists. The purpose of the study was to find out how the profile of the visitor of the rural area had changed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The quantitative survey with 1026 visitors was conducted and its results were analyzed within three main segments of visitors – groups with children, couples and the others (without children). The results of the research confirm the persisting fact – due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the demand in tourism is shifting from urban areas to rural ones, but overall tourists in research rural area can benefit from the fact that it is a relatively small area and can get the best of both rural areas as well as of near cities in the area. Visiting rural areas is generally a shorter-term option for all visitors, which does not require long-term planning. The findings confirmed that rural areas are a great opportunity for domestic tourism. The results bring a deeper and actual insight into the consumer behaviour of tourists in rural areas and at the same time the findings show the possibilities for service quality improvement. Both can be beneficial for service providers as well as destination managers.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"281 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48586310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study examines the effect of the subsidies given to firms through the Rural Development Programme (RDP) for Mainland Finland in Finland during the 2007–2013 period. In order to understand the impacts that this programme had, the study uses counterfactual modelling to analyse what forms of subsidies impact job creation in supported firms. The results showed that subsidies from the RDP had a positive impact on the development of subsidized firms and thus, the RDP was a key instrument for the renewal of the countryside and the promotion of rural viability in Finland.
{"title":"Do the Subsidies of the Rural Development Programme Increase Employment in Rural Firms? A Counterfactual Impact Evaluation from Mainland Finland","authors":"Olli Lehtonen","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines the effect of the subsidies given to firms through the Rural Development Programme (RDP) for Mainland Finland in Finland during the 2007–2013 period. In order to understand the impacts that this programme had, the study uses counterfactual modelling to analyse what forms of subsidies impact job creation in supported firms. The results showed that subsidies from the RDP had a positive impact on the development of subsidized firms and thus, the RDP was a key instrument for the renewal of the countryside and the promotion of rural viability in Finland.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"167 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47009118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Slovakia has significantly changed the structure of its economy by switching to a market management system. There has been a shift away from agriculture, traditional farming methods and careful land management. The result is unused lands and labor force, a broken relationship of society towards the environment, the agricultural land and due to the low social status of agriculture, towards the education in this area too. There is no information on the potential of social agriculture. Educational initiatives in this area are unique and fragmented. The importance of educational activities and counseling lies mainly in education in an effort to help implementers or those interested in the implementation of social farming projects to obtain basic information about the concept of social agriculture, avoid mistakes and get the most comprehensive picture of current conditions in this area. The article outlines a view of the development of social agriculture in the area of the social economy in the conditions of the Slovak Republic, which corresponds to the changing needs of society. It draws attention to the initial steps in the development of educational activities and counseling in social agriculture. We reflect on the potential and pitfalls of education as part of a broader understanding of social agriculture. The elimination of the shortcomings would have significant effects on rural development and less developed regions. The benefits would be reflected in inclusive development and in more sustainable agriculture by influencing other sectors. Our article is based on desk review and qualitative research. We conducted 6 in-depth expert interviews. We focused on experts who were able to provide us with a specialized insight into our research.
{"title":"Development of Educational Activities and Counseling in Social Agriculture in Slovakia: Initial Experience and Future Prospects","authors":"E. Pongrácz, Simona Polonyová, H. Poláčková","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Slovakia has significantly changed the structure of its economy by switching to a market management system. There has been a shift away from agriculture, traditional farming methods and careful land management. The result is unused lands and labor force, a broken relationship of society towards the environment, the agricultural land and due to the low social status of agriculture, towards the education in this area too. There is no information on the potential of social agriculture. Educational initiatives in this area are unique and fragmented. The importance of educational activities and counseling lies mainly in education in an effort to help implementers or those interested in the implementation of social farming projects to obtain basic information about the concept of social agriculture, avoid mistakes and get the most comprehensive picture of current conditions in this area. The article outlines a view of the development of social agriculture in the area of the social economy in the conditions of the Slovak Republic, which corresponds to the changing needs of society. It draws attention to the initial steps in the development of educational activities and counseling in social agriculture. We reflect on the potential and pitfalls of education as part of a broader understanding of social agriculture. The elimination of the shortcomings would have significant effects on rural development and less developed regions. The benefits would be reflected in inclusive development and in more sustainable agriculture by influencing other sectors. Our article is based on desk review and qualitative research. We conducted 6 in-depth expert interviews. We focused on experts who were able to provide us with a specialized insight into our research.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"186 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43424494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The primary aim of adult training for job seekers is to help participants reintegrate into the labour market as soon as possible. The high unemployment rate and the low employment rate in the examined area (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county) led the Hungarian Government to retrain job seekers. The aim of the study is to examine the spatial pattern of training for registered job seekers and its effectiveness in helping them to find a job in the primary (or secondary) labour market. The research was carried out using secondary data, provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology and the National Employment Service in Hungary. Our research has highlighted the territorial links between human resources, adult learning and job opportunities. Adult training and public employment opportunities had a strong impact on the development of the labour market.
{"title":"The Role and Territorial Characteristics of Adult Training on the Integration of Registered Jobseekers into the Labour Market in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County (Hungary), 2010–2020","authors":"Barbara Le-Dai, G. Koncz, Dávid Hajdú, K. Lipták","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The primary aim of adult training for job seekers is to help participants reintegrate into the labour market as soon as possible. The high unemployment rate and the low employment rate in the examined area (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county) led the Hungarian Government to retrain job seekers. The aim of the study is to examine the spatial pattern of training for registered job seekers and its effectiveness in helping them to find a job in the primary (or secondary) labour market. The research was carried out using secondary data, provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology and the National Employment Service in Hungary. Our research has highlighted the territorial links between human resources, adult learning and job opportunities. Adult training and public employment opportunities had a strong impact on the development of the labour market.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"202 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44028571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Matejević, I. Blešić, Markéta Kalábová, V. Marković, M. Kovačević, Snežana Besermenji, B. Stankov
Abstract The hunting tourism product is based on various hunting game and other types of services (accommodation, food, transport, educational services, cultural and recreational activities). This study reveals four factors that influence choosing a hunting destination and satisfaction with consuming tourism services. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between hunting tourism products quality and overall tourist satisfaction and to examine the measurement model for hunting tourists’ satisfaction. This scale focuses on specific elements of hunting tourism products and contributes to a better understanding of the quality of hunting tourism offers. Using the CFA, the reliability and validity of the hunting tourism satisfaction scale (HUNTSS) were confirmed on the sample in Serbia, and this scale was validated as a reliable four-factor model which could be assessed for future research improvements. Results of SEM showed the influences of four factors of hunting tourism products on overall satisfaction.
{"title":"Examine Structural Relationships Between Hunting Tourism Product Quality and Tourist Hunters’ Satisfaction","authors":"M. Matejević, I. Blešić, Markéta Kalábová, V. Marković, M. Kovačević, Snežana Besermenji, B. Stankov","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The hunting tourism product is based on various hunting game and other types of services (accommodation, food, transport, educational services, cultural and recreational activities). This study reveals four factors that influence choosing a hunting destination and satisfaction with consuming tourism services. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between hunting tourism products quality and overall tourist satisfaction and to examine the measurement model for hunting tourists’ satisfaction. This scale focuses on specific elements of hunting tourism products and contributes to a better understanding of the quality of hunting tourism offers. Using the CFA, the reliability and validity of the hunting tourism satisfaction scale (HUNTSS) were confirmed on the sample in Serbia, and this scale was validated as a reliable four-factor model which could be assessed for future research improvements. Results of SEM showed the influences of four factors of hunting tourism products on overall satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"227 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47207521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia Vidickienė, Vitalija Simonaitytė, Rita Lankauskienė, Živilė Gedminaitė-Raudonė
Abstract The post-industrial service economy suggests new ways of thinking about food system design and building processes. This article discusses the need to explore best practices in the servitization of farming and theorize them as a new approach to food production, supply, and consumption. In contrast to prevailing theories that suggest reorganization of the global agri-food supply chain on the basis of the short supply chain concept or according to the community-supported agriculture model, servitization of farming puts forward a „made-to-order” food system. The purpose of this article is to develop theoretical and practical guidelines that suggest new ways of thinking about food system design and building processes. The article demonstrates the potential of a farming servitization to create new food system configurations through the combination of three approaches: holistic, design thinking, and evolutionary by providing a case study on a farm that uses a „service-driven” business model and makes-to-order organic vegetables, fruits, and greens. The case study approach allows in-depth, multi-faceted explorations and conceptualization of an innovative business model building process according to 5 phase design thinking model, which suggests gradual reorganization of the industrial food system as the result of farming servitization.
{"title":"Servitization of Farming: A New Approach to Local Food Systems Building","authors":"Dalia Vidickienė, Vitalija Simonaitytė, Rita Lankauskienė, Živilė Gedminaitė-Raudonė","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The post-industrial service economy suggests new ways of thinking about food system design and building processes. This article discusses the need to explore best practices in the servitization of farming and theorize them as a new approach to food production, supply, and consumption. In contrast to prevailing theories that suggest reorganization of the global agri-food supply chain on the basis of the short supply chain concept or according to the community-supported agriculture model, servitization of farming puts forward a „made-to-order” food system. The purpose of this article is to develop theoretical and practical guidelines that suggest new ways of thinking about food system design and building processes. The article demonstrates the potential of a farming servitization to create new food system configurations through the combination of three approaches: holistic, design thinking, and evolutionary by providing a case study on a farm that uses a „service-driven” business model and makes-to-order organic vegetables, fruits, and greens. The case study approach allows in-depth, multi-faceted explorations and conceptualization of an innovative business model building process according to 5 phase design thinking model, which suggests gradual reorganization of the industrial food system as the result of farming servitization.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49563296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Short food supply chains (SFSCs) are associated with a range of contested, place-based attributes which contrast with the characteristics of complex, global and corporate chains. This article avoids such oppositional binaries by focusing on SFSCs serving two European cities, namely Oslo (Norway) and Bristol (UK). It reviews cities as a particular kind of market within which to secure custom, by presenting qualitative data from a study of SFSCs in these two cities to examine marketing barriers and opportunities encountered. Distinctive urban contexts, such as the density of consumers and presence of food-related infrastructures, can influence the marketing strategies and sales channels chosen by food enterprises. Difficulties are faced by both food producers and the sales channels through which they come to market, especially in relation to financial viability, price competition and efficiency. Our analysis, as well as highlighting connections and divergences between Oslo and Bristol, emphasises the role of these cities in providing diverse food market niches. Alongside global chains, functioning SFSCs help to reflect the history of Oslo and Bristol as trading cities with diverse populations and reveal enterprise adaptability and innovation as market demand shifts.
{"title":"Strategies and Business Models used by Short-Chain Food Enterprises Marketing in Oslo (Norway) and Bristol (UK)","authors":"D. Keech, A. Milford, Frøydis Gillund, M. Reed","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Short food supply chains (SFSCs) are associated with a range of contested, place-based attributes which contrast with the characteristics of complex, global and corporate chains. This article avoids such oppositional binaries by focusing on SFSCs serving two European cities, namely Oslo (Norway) and Bristol (UK). It reviews cities as a particular kind of market within which to secure custom, by presenting qualitative data from a study of SFSCs in these two cities to examine marketing barriers and opportunities encountered. Distinctive urban contexts, such as the density of consumers and presence of food-related infrastructures, can influence the marketing strategies and sales channels chosen by food enterprises. Difficulties are faced by both food producers and the sales channels through which they come to market, especially in relation to financial viability, price competition and efficiency. Our analysis, as well as highlighting connections and divergences between Oslo and Bristol, emphasises the role of these cities in providing diverse food market niches. Alongside global chains, functioning SFSCs help to reflect the history of Oslo and Bristol as trading cities with diverse populations and reveal enterprise adaptability and innovation as market demand shifts.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"149 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47772001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This research aims to determine the role of women in the development of rural areas through agriculture and the integration of women into society in Kosovo. An observational, quantitative, cross-sectional case study was conducted for this purpose. Primary data was collected from the employees of the agriculture cooperative “Krusha e Madhe” in Kosovo through a questionnaire survey, interviews, and observations. The social cooperative under study is a good example of how bringing disadvantaged women together can help improve economic life and the psychological trauma caused by war. The results prove that there is indeed a significant increase in community life, cooperation, trust, quality of life, and communication in the community since establishing social cooperative.
摘要本研究旨在确定妇女在科索沃农村地区通过农业发展和妇女融入社会中的作用。为此进行了一项观察性、定量、横断面的案例研究。主要数据是通过问卷调查、访谈和观察从科索沃农业合作社“Krusha e Madhe”的员工那里收集的。研究中的社会合作社就是一个很好的例子，说明了将处境不利的妇女团结在一起可以帮助改善经济生活和战争造成的心理创伤。研究结果表明，自成立社会合作社以来，社区生活、合作、信任、生活质量和沟通确实显著提高。
{"title":"Community Support and Collaboration in Women’s Social Cooperative Krusha E Madhe","authors":"Ledianë Durmishi, István Bazsik, T. Farkas","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research aims to determine the role of women in the development of rural areas through agriculture and the integration of women into society in Kosovo. An observational, quantitative, cross-sectional case study was conducted for this purpose. Primary data was collected from the employees of the agriculture cooperative “Krusha e Madhe” in Kosovo through a questionnaire survey, interviews, and observations. The social cooperative under study is a good example of how bringing disadvantaged women together can help improve economic life and the psychological trauma caused by war. The results prove that there is indeed a significant increase in community life, cooperation, trust, quality of life, and communication in the community since establishing social cooperative.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"49 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45936794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Outshopping is consumption behaviour where a consumer leaves the local economy and procures products and services in other local economies. While rural outshopping has been studied in the scientific literature for decades, the consumption structure of urban dwellers in smaller rural settlements has never been precisely mapped. The aim of this study is to understand the basic patterns of urban residents' spending on goods and services in the local economies of small rural settlements, using descriptive methods, comparison and content analysis. Based on the results, we put forward hypotheses that rural outshopping takes place within the nodal region of the city rather than in the wider urban-rural interface, may have a potentially selective character, and the frequency of short-term movement on the city-rural axis may be additional to other dominant intentions for traveling to a rural settlement.
{"title":"Urban Outshopping in Rural Slovakia","authors":"Michal Hrivnák, P. Moritz, J. Jarábková","doi":"10.2478/euco-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Outshopping is consumption behaviour where a consumer leaves the local economy and procures products and services in other local economies. While rural outshopping has been studied in the scientific literature for decades, the consumption structure of urban dwellers in smaller rural settlements has never been precisely mapped. The aim of this study is to understand the basic patterns of urban residents' spending on goods and services in the local economies of small rural settlements, using descriptive methods, comparison and content analysis. Based on the results, we put forward hypotheses that rural outshopping takes place within the nodal region of the city rather than in the wider urban-rural interface, may have a potentially selective character, and the frequency of short-term movement on the city-rural axis may be additional to other dominant intentions for traveling to a rural settlement.","PeriodicalId":45589,"journal":{"name":"European Countryside","volume":"15 1","pages":"34 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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