Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023600316
A. G. Tyshchenko, S. B. Kozitskii, M. S. Kazak, P. S. Petrov
Abstract—A review of modern methods of modeling acoustic fields based on their representation as a superposition of normal modes is presented. Most of the described methods are based on an approach to calculating mode amplitudes by solving parabolic equations of various types, both narrow-angle and wide-angle. We also consider two-dimensional methods for calculating acoustic fields, to which the above-mentioned three-dimensional approaches are reduced in the absence of dependence of the field and medium parameters on one of the horizontal coordinates. The computation of both time-harmonic acoustic fields and pulsed sound signals is discussed. A number of numerical examples are considered in which such calculations are performed taking into account three-dimensional sound propagation effects. For the first time within the framework of this approach, the calculation of particle accelerations at the pulse signal reception points, as well as the calculation of the energy density flux of the vector field were performed.
{"title":"Modern Methods of Sound Propagation Modeling Based on the Expansion of Acoustic Fields over Normal Modes","authors":"A. G. Tyshchenko, S. B. Kozitskii, M. S. Kazak, P. S. Petrov","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023600316","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023600316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p><b>Abstract</b>—A review of modern methods of modeling acoustic fields based on their representation as a superposition of normal modes is presented. Most of the described methods are based on an approach to calculating mode amplitudes by solving parabolic equations of various types, both narrow-angle and wide-angle. We also consider two-dimensional methods for calculating acoustic fields, to which the above-mentioned three-dimensional approaches are reduced in the absence of dependence of the field and medium parameters on one of the horizontal coordinates. The computation of both time-harmonic acoustic fields and pulsed sound signals is discussed. A number of numerical examples are considered in which such calculations are performed taking into account three-dimensional sound propagation effects. For the first time within the framework of this approach, the calculation of particle accelerations at the pulse signal reception points, as well as the calculation of the energy density flux of the vector field were performed.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023700653
A. Yu. Rodionov, L. G. Statsenko, D. A. Kuzin, M. M. Smirnova
Abstract—A class of digital incoherent methods of information transmission based on multi-frequency signals for mobile underwater complexes is presented, which does not require regular and accurate estimation of channel parameters and is a priori resistant to various types of interference in nonstationary hydroacoustic communication channels, and is oriented to solving communication and navigation problems for underwater robotic complexes. The limitation of spectral efficiency of such multi-frequency systems of information transmission by the value of 0.5 bits/s/Hz in various frequency ranges, nonstationary hydrological conditions, with achievement of the maximum range at acceptable levels of error probability during information decoding is shown. The operability of the proposed class of multi-frequency multiplexing methods was confirmed by numerical and in situ sea experiments on the shelf at distances from 2.5 to 7 km with the mutual drifting of ships and with sea waves of up to 3 points.
摘要:提出了一类基于多频信号的移动水下复合体数字非相干信息传输方法,该方法不需要对信道参数进行规则和精确估计,能够先验地抵抗非平稳水声通信信道中的各种干扰,面向解决水下机器人复合体的通信和导航问题。在各种频率范围、非平稳水文条件下,这种多频信息传输系统的频谱效率限制为0.5 bit /s/Hz,在信息解码过程中,在可接受的错误概率水平下实现最大范围。在距离2.5 ~ 7 km的陆架上进行了船舶相互漂移和海浪达3点的数值和现场海上实验,验证了所提出的多频复用方法的可操作性。
{"title":"Application of Incoherent Multi-Frequency Signals for Information Transmission in a Nonstationary Hydroacoustic Environment","authors":"A. Yu. Rodionov, L. G. Statsenko, D. A. Kuzin, M. M. Smirnova","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023700653","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023700653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p><b>Abstract</b>—A class of digital incoherent methods of information transmission based on multi-frequency signals for mobile underwater complexes is presented, which does not require regular and accurate estimation of channel parameters and is a priori resistant to various types of interference in nonstationary hydroacoustic communication channels, and is oriented to solving communication and navigation problems for underwater robotic complexes. The limitation of spectral efficiency of such multi-frequency systems of information transmission by the value of 0.5 bits/s/Hz in various frequency ranges, nonstationary hydrological conditions, with achievement of the maximum range at acceptable levels of error probability during information decoding is shown. The operability of the proposed class of multi-frequency multiplexing methods was confirmed by numerical and in situ sea experiments on the shelf at distances from 2.5 to 7 km with the mutual drifting of ships and with sea waves of up to 3 points.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023600638
Yu. V. Petukhov, E. L. Borodina
Abstract—Numerical modeling with the use of mode theory was used to investigate the regularities of the spatial (depth and horizontal distance) distribution of the acoustic field intensity formed by multiple interaction of a caustic beam with a layered bottom in a shallow oceanic waveguide with an underwater sound channel open to the bottom. It has been established that at the values of the sound velocity at the upper boundary in the sedimentary layer, less than the sound velocity at the bottom in the water layer, the formation of a multi-beam structure of the acoustic field is possible. It was found that, starting from certain distances, newly formed beams can play the main role in the spatial distribution of the acoustic field intensity.
{"title":"The Influence of Bottom Sediment on the Propagation of Caustic Beams in Oceanic Waveguides","authors":"Yu. V. Petukhov, E. L. Borodina","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023600638","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023600638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p><b>Abstract</b>—Numerical modeling with the use of mode theory was used to investigate the regularities of the spatial (depth and horizontal distance) distribution of the acoustic field intensity formed by multiple interaction of a caustic beam with a layered bottom in a shallow oceanic waveguide with an underwater sound channel open to the bottom. It has been established that at the values of the sound velocity at the upper boundary in the sedimentary layer, less than the sound velocity at the bottom in the water layer, the formation of a multi-beam structure of the acoustic field is possible. It was found that, starting from certain distances, newly formed beams can play the main role in the spatial distribution of the acoustic field intensity.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023600377
A. I. Malekhanov, A. V. Smirnov
The purpose of this paper is to numerically demonstrate and comparatively analyze the critically strong and ambiguous impact of the a priori uncertainty of a shallow sea waveguide model in its main physical parameters on the output performance of model-based methods for spatial processing of multimode signals received by a vertical antenna array. The scenario is specified when a relatively weak signal of a remote underwater source is received against the background of intensive interference excited by a subsurface source (like a ship, for example) and ambient sea noise excited by wind waves. The considered array processing methods include matched-signal processing, optimal processing of the signal on the background of interference and noise, and suboptimal processing based on matched-mode array filtering of one of the signal-carrying modes with adaptive selection of its number. Quantitative estimates are obtained from above for the environment uncertainties, or model errors, with respect to the sound velocity in the water column and geoacoustic parameters of the underlying bottom, at which the array gain loss does not exceed a given level. It is shown that such estimates are very different both for different environmental parameters and for processing methods, with the determining role played by the conditions of useful signal reception, namely, the modal composition and intensity levels of the interference and sea noise at the array input. The problem statement and results are considered to be useful to detail the requirements for operational oceanography tools designed to support the effective operation of sonar antenna systems in real sea environments.
{"title":"The Influence of the A Priori Uncertainty of the Shallow Sea Sound Channel Model on the Vertical Array Gain","authors":"A. I. Malekhanov, A. V. Smirnov","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023600377","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023600377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper is to numerically demonstrate and comparatively analyze the critically strong and ambiguous impact of the a priori uncertainty of a shallow sea waveguide model in its main physical parameters on the output performance of model-based methods for spatial processing of multimode signals received by a vertical antenna array. The scenario is specified when a relatively weak signal of a remote underwater source is received against the background of intensive interference excited by a subsurface source (like a ship, for example) and ambient sea noise excited by wind waves. The considered array processing methods include matched-signal processing, optimal processing of the signal on the background of interference and noise, and suboptimal processing based on matched-mode array filtering of one of the signal-carrying modes with adaptive selection of its number. Quantitative estimates are obtained from above for the environment uncertainties, or model errors, with respect to the sound velocity in the water column and geoacoustic parameters of the underlying bottom, at which the array gain loss does not exceed a given level. It is shown that such estimates are very different both for different environmental parameters and for processing methods, with the determining role played by the conditions of useful signal reception, namely, the modal composition and intensity levels of the interference and sea noise at the array input. The problem statement and results are considered to be useful to detail the requirements for operational oceanography tools designed to support the effective operation of sonar antenna systems in real sea environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063771023600377.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023600614
A. L. Virovlyansky, A. Yu. Kazarova
Abstract—The transition from the traditional representation of the wave field in the vertical section of an underwater sound channel as a function of depth and time to the distribution of this field in the 3D phase space “depth–angle–time” is considered. For this purpose, the method of coherent states developed in quantum theory is used. The meaning of the proposed transition is that the field intensity distribution in the specified phase space is less sensitive to sound velocity fluctuations than in the original 2D depth–time space. This fact can be used in solving inverse problems. As an example, we consider the reconstruction of the coordinates of a source in a waveguide from measurements of the field intensity distribution of this source in phase space.
{"title":"The Sound Field Intensity Distribution in the Deep Sea in the “Depth—Angle–Time” Phase Space","authors":"A. L. Virovlyansky, A. Yu. Kazarova","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023600614","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023600614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p><b>Abstract</b>—The transition from the traditional representation of the wave field in the vertical section of an underwater sound channel as a function of depth and time to the distribution of this field in the 3D phase space “depth–angle–time” is considered. For this purpose, the method of coherent states developed in quantum theory is used. The meaning of the proposed transition is that the field intensity distribution in the specified phase space is less sensitive to sound velocity fluctuations than in the original 2D depth–time space. This fact can be used in solving inverse problems. As an example, we consider the reconstruction of the coordinates of a source in a waveguide from measurements of the field intensity distribution of this source in phase space.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023600687
M. B. Salin, A. V. Ermoshkin, D. D. Razumov, B. M. Salin
Abstract—Narrowband spectra of sound scattered on the surface wave in the frequency range from 500 to 3000 Hz have been analyzed. Experimental results and theoretical models are reviewed. Previously published work by the authors is reviewed and new results are presented. The first characteristic case considered is forward scattering, where the sound transmitter and receiver are substantially separated from each other in space, and a continuous emission of a sinusoidal signal is produced. For this case, it is shown that the modulation spectrum of the scattered signal repeats the frequency spectrum of the surface wave with a certain coefficient and small corrections. The second considered characteristic case is a monostatic location, where the receiver and transmitter are combined and tone-pulse signals are emitted. Previously, for this case, it was implicitly expected that the reverberation spectrum would be generated by Bragg scattering on surface waves corresponding to half of the sound wavelength, and hence the spectrum of the scattered signal would be discrete. However, the experimental results indicate that the monostatic scattering spectra have a smooth bell-shape. Explaining this requires taking the effects of modulation of short surface waves by the long-wave component into account. Additionally, to explain the experimental phenomenon, the authors include a model of sound scattering on air bubbles, which are located in the near-surface layer of water and make oscillatory movements in the field of orbital currents of surface waves.
{"title":"Models of the Formation of Doppler Spectrum of Surface Reverberation for Sound Waves of the Meter Range","authors":"M. B. Salin, A. V. Ermoshkin, D. D. Razumov, B. M. Salin","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023600687","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023600687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p><b>Abstract</b>—Narrowband spectra of sound scattered on the surface wave in the frequency range from 500 to 3000 Hz have been analyzed. Experimental results and theoretical models are reviewed. Previously published work by the authors is reviewed and new results are presented. The first characteristic case considered is forward scattering, where the sound transmitter and receiver are substantially separated from each other in space, and a continuous emission of a sinusoidal signal is produced. For this case, it is shown that the modulation spectrum of the scattered signal repeats the frequency spectrum of the surface wave with a certain coefficient and small corrections. The second considered characteristic case is a monostatic location, where the receiver and transmitter are combined and tone-pulse signals are emitted. Previously, for this case, it was implicitly expected that the reverberation spectrum would be generated by Bragg scattering on surface waves corresponding to half of the sound wavelength, and hence the spectrum of the scattered signal would be discrete. However, the experimental results indicate that the monostatic scattering spectra have a smooth bell-shape. Explaining this requires taking the effects of modulation of short surface waves by the long-wave component into account. Additionally, to explain the experimental phenomenon, the authors include a model of sound scattering on air bubbles, which are located in the near-surface layer of water and make oscillatory movements in the field of orbital currents of surface waves.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023600730
D. V. Makarov, E. V. Sosedko
The spatial structure of a far-field acoustic wavefield created by a sparse horizontal array of nondirectional emitters is considered. It is shown that the array can selectively excite certain modes of the acoustic wavefield. The number of an excited mode depends on the angle with respect to the array axis. The results of numerical simulation are presented for two models of a waveguide and for an array mounted at the ocean bottom. It is shown that the efficiency of single mode excitation grows with an increase in the modal number. The angular dependence of the excited modal spectrum is studied. It is shown that this dependence consists of several branches corresponding to the most excited modes.
{"title":"Selective Excitation of Waveguide Modes Using a Horizontal Array of Monopoles","authors":"D. V. Makarov, E. V. Sosedko","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023600730","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023600730","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spatial structure of a far-field acoustic wavefield created by a sparse horizontal array of nondirectional emitters is considered. It is shown that the array can selectively excite certain modes of the acoustic wavefield. The number of an excited mode depends on the angle with respect to the array axis. The results of numerical simulation are presented for two models of a waveguide and for an array mounted at the ocean bottom. It is shown that the efficiency of single mode excitation grows with an increase in the modal number. The angular dependence of the excited modal spectrum is studied. It is shown that this dependence consists of several branches corresponding to the most excited modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S106377102360064X
Yu. N. Morgunov, A. A. Golov, E. A. Voytenko, M. S. Lebedev, V. V. Razhivin, D. D. Kaplunenko, S. S. Shkramada
Abstract—We discuss the results obtained when performing a test acoustic-hydrological experiment in August 2022 at a marine test site from the coast of Sakhalin Island to Kita-Yamato Bank in the Sea of Japan. The methodology of preliminary studies in the water area intended for studying climatic variability of temperature regimes of the aquatic environment based on numerical modeling using the RAY computational program and the NEMO ocean hydrodynamic circulation model is presented. One of the main results is the average temperature of the marine environment calculated with high accuracy on the axis of the underwater sound channel in the Sea of Japan on the 1000-kilometer acoustic trace at the crossing of the vortex system. The shape of the measuring system and the technical and computational means and methods described in the article can be used as a basis for the organization of high-precision operational monitoring of thermodynamic processes in extended sea areas.
{"title":"Experimental Testing of Acoustic Thermometry at the Scale of the Sea of Japan with a Receiver System Placed on the Axis of an Underwater Sound Channel","authors":"Yu. N. Morgunov, A. A. Golov, E. A. Voytenko, M. S. Lebedev, V. V. Razhivin, D. D. Kaplunenko, S. S. Shkramada","doi":"10.1134/S106377102360064X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106377102360064X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p>Abstract—We discuss the results obtained when performing a test acoustic-hydrological experiment in August 2022 at a marine test site from the coast of Sakhalin Island to Kita-Yamato Bank in the Sea of Japan. The methodology of preliminary studies in the water area intended for studying climatic variability of temperature regimes of the aquatic environment based on numerical modeling using the RAY computational program and the NEMO ocean hydrodynamic circulation model is presented. One of the main results is the average temperature of the marine environment calculated with high accuracy on the axis of the underwater sound channel in the Sea of Japan on the 1000-kilometer acoustic trace at the crossing of the vortex system. The shape of the measuring system and the technical and computational means and methods described in the article can be used as a basis for the organization of high-precision operational monitoring of thermodynamic processes in extended sea areas.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023600626
V. G. Petnikov, A. V. Shatravin, A. A. Lunkov
Abstract—In experiments on a stationary acoustic track under a solid ice cover, estimates of possible sound signal propagation time variations at distances of ∼4 km with a period of more than 100 s were obtained. The experiments were carried out on Lake Baikal in the spring period, when the vertical profile of the sound speed has two sections characteristic of freshwater areas: an upper layer with a near constant sound speed and a lower layer with linear growth of sound speed. Under these conditions, the variations of the propagation time did not exceed ~10–4 s. Numerical modeling showed that the variations of propagation times due to the variability of the medium are minimal for the case when the sound source and receiver are located in the upper layer. It is demonstrated that in this case it is acceptable to take the sound speed in the upper quasi-homogeneous layer as the effective value of the sound speed, which determines the propagation time. The obtained results allowed us to formulate recommendations on under-ice acoustic positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles.
{"title":"On Variations of the Sound Signal Propagation Time under a Stationary Ice Cover","authors":"V. G. Petnikov, A. V. Shatravin, A. A. Lunkov","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023600626","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023600626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p><b>Abstract</b>—In experiments on a stationary acoustic track under a solid ice cover, estimates of possible sound signal propagation time variations at distances of ∼4 km with a period of more than 100 s were obtained. The experiments were carried out on Lake Baikal in the spring period, when the vertical profile of the sound speed has two sections characteristic of freshwater areas: an upper layer with a near constant sound speed and a lower layer with linear growth of sound speed. Under these conditions, the variations of the propagation time did not exceed ~10<sup>–4</sup> s. Numerical modeling showed that the variations of propagation times due to the variability of the medium are minimal for the case when the sound source and receiver are located in the upper layer. It is demonstrated that in this case it is acceptable to take the sound speed in the upper quasi-homogeneous layer as the effective value of the sound speed, which determines the propagation time. The obtained results allowed us to formulate recommendations on under-ice acoustic positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134796995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.1134/S1063771023600468
P. A. Pestova, M. M. Karzova, P. V. Yuldashev, V. A. Khokhlova
The article presents the results of numerical simulation of an experiment on irradiating ex vivo bovine liver sample by the therapeutic array of the MR-HIFU clinical system (Sonalleve V1 3.0T, Profound Medical Corp., Canada). Continuous quasi-linear and pulsed shock-wave exposures with the same time-averaged power are compared. Volumetric thermal lesions were generated by moving the focus of the array in its focal plane along discrete trajectories consisting of two or four concentric circles with a maximum radius of 4 mm. The effect of using the criteria for controlling the thermal dose during treatment and ending the sonication on the shape, volume, and exposure time of generating thermal lesion were analyzed. The acoustic field in tissue was calculated using the Westervelt equation; the temperature field was simulated with the inhomogeneous heat conduction equation; and the lesion boundary was determined according to the thermal dose threshold. In the quasi-linear mode corresponding to the clinical one, thermal diffusion leads to elongation of the lesion by a factor of 2–3 along the beam axis compared to the transverse dimension of the trajectory. The use of pulsed shock-wave exposures with switching off the inner circles of the trajectory as they reach the threshold value of the thermal dose makes it possible to significantly suppress the thermal diffusion effects in the axial direction of the beam and obtain localized thermal lesion of a given shape with a thermal ablation rate comparable to the clinical case.
本文介绍了用磁共振超声成像临床系统(Sonalleve V1 3.0T, Profound Medical Corp., Canada)的治疗阵列辐照离体牛肝样品的数值模拟实验结果。比较了具有相同时间平均功率的连续准线性和脉冲冲击波暴露。通过沿着由两个或四个最大半径为4mm的同心圆组成的离散轨迹移动阵列焦平面中的焦点,产生体积热损伤。分析了在治疗过程中使用控制热剂量标准和结束超声对产生热损伤的形状、体积和暴露时间的影响。采用Westervelt方程计算组织内声场;采用非均匀热传导方程模拟温度场;根据热剂量阈值确定病灶边界。在与临床模式相对应的准线性模式中,与轨迹的横向尺寸相比,热扩散导致病变沿光束轴延伸2-3倍。使用脉冲冲击波照射,在达到热剂量阈值时关闭弹道的内圈,可以显著抑制光束轴向的热扩散效应,并获得给定形状的局部热损伤,其热消融率与临床病例相当。
{"title":"The Use of Focused Ultrasound Beams with Shocks to Suppress Diffusion Effects in Volumetric Thermal Ablation of Biological Tissue","authors":"P. A. Pestova, M. M. Karzova, P. V. Yuldashev, V. A. Khokhlova","doi":"10.1134/S1063771023600468","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771023600468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><p>The article presents the results of numerical simulation of an experiment on irradiating <i>ex vivo</i> bovine liver sample by the therapeutic array of the MR-HIFU clinical system (Sonalleve V1 3.0T, Profound Medical Corp., Canada). Continuous quasi-linear and pulsed shock-wave exposures with the same time-averaged power are compared. Volumetric thermal lesions were generated by moving the focus of the array in its focal plane along discrete trajectories consisting of two or four concentric circles with a maximum radius of 4 mm. The effect of using the criteria for controlling the thermal dose during treatment and ending the sonication on the shape, volume, and exposure time of generating thermal lesion were analyzed. The acoustic field in tissue was calculated using the Westervelt equation; the temperature field was simulated with the inhomogeneous heat conduction equation; and the lesion boundary was determined according to the thermal dose threshold. In the quasi-linear mode corresponding to the clinical one, thermal diffusion leads to elongation of the lesion by a factor of 2–3 along the beam axis compared to the transverse dimension of the trajectory. The use of pulsed shock-wave exposures with switching off the inner circles of the trajectory as they reach the threshold value of the thermal dose makes it possible to significantly suppress the thermal diffusion effects in the axial direction of the beam and obtain localized thermal lesion of a given shape with a thermal ablation rate comparable to the clinical case.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6737694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}