R. Angliss, M. Ferguson, Cara Appel, Jeremy Brown, Claire Bortot, W. Bean
Manned aerial surveys are routinely used to assess cetacean distribution and density, often over large geographic areas. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have been identified as a technology that could augment or replace manned aerial surveys for cetaceans. To understand what research questions involving cetacean distribution and density can be addressed using manned and UAS technology in the Arctic, we conducted paired aerial surveys for cetaceans near Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska. We present the methods and operational results from the project, and challenges encountered during the field work. Fall arctic weather varied dramatically over small spatiotemporal scales and harsh environmental conditions increased the maintenance required for repeated UAS operations. Various technologies, such as temperature and humidity sensors, a software system that provided near-term forecasts of highly variable weather, and a surface-based air traffic radar feed, directly contributed to the ability to conduct routine, successful, beyond line-of-sight UAS flights under these situations. We provide recommendations for future projects to help streamline project planning and enhance researchers’ ability to use UAS to collect data needed for ecological research.
{"title":"Comparing manned to unmanned aerial surveys for cetacean monitoring in the Arctic: methods and operational results","authors":"R. Angliss, M. Ferguson, Cara Appel, Jeremy Brown, Claire Bortot, W. Bean","doi":"10.1139/JUVS-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/JUVS-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Manned aerial surveys are routinely used to assess cetacean distribution and density, often over large geographic areas. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) have been identified as a technology that could augment or replace manned aerial surveys for cetaceans. To understand what research questions involving cetacean distribution and density can be addressed using manned and UAS technology in the Arctic, we conducted paired aerial surveys for cetaceans near Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska. We present the methods and operational results from the project, and challenges encountered during the field work. Fall arctic weather varied dramatically over small spatiotemporal scales and harsh environmental conditions increased the maintenance required for repeated UAS operations. Various technologies, such as temperature and humidity sensors, a software system that provided near-term forecasts of highly variable weather, and a surface-based air traffic radar feed, directly contributed to the ability to conduct routine, successful, beyond line-of-sight UAS flights under these situations. We provide recommendations for future projects to help streamline project planning and enhance researchers’ ability to use UAS to collect data needed for ecological research.","PeriodicalId":45619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/JUVS-2018-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49133070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Thapa, K. Thapa, R. Thapa, S. R. Jnawali, S. Wich, L. Poudyal, Suraj Karki
Technology is rapidly changing the methods used in the field of wildlife monitoring. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are an example of a new technology that allows biologists to take to the air to monitor wildlife. A fixed-wing UAV was used to monitor the critically endangered gharial population along 46 km of the Babai River in Bardia National Park, Nepal. The UAV was flown at an altitude of 80 m along 12 pre-designed missions and, with a search effort of 2.72 h of flight time, acquired a total of 11 799 images covering an effective surface area of 8.2 km2 of riverbank habitat. The images taken from the UAV could differentiate between gharial and muggers. A total count of 33 gharials and 31 muggers with observed density (per square kilometre) of 4.64 and 4.0 for gharial and mugger, respectively. Comparison of count data between one-time UAV and multiple conventional visual encounter rate surveys’ data showed no significant difference in the mean. Basking season and turbidity were important factors for monitoring crocodiles along the riverbank habitat. Efficacy of monitoring crocodiles by UAV at the given altitude can be replicated in high-priority areas with lower operating cost and acquisition of high-resolution data.
{"title":"Counting crocodiles from the sky: monitoring the critically endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) population with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)","authors":"G. Thapa, K. Thapa, R. Thapa, S. R. Jnawali, S. Wich, L. Poudyal, Suraj Karki","doi":"10.1139/JUVS-2017-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/JUVS-2017-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Technology is rapidly changing the methods used in the field of wildlife monitoring. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are an example of a new technology that allows biologists to take to the air to monitor wildlife. A fixed-wing UAV was used to monitor the critically endangered gharial population along 46 km of the Babai River in Bardia National Park, Nepal. The UAV was flown at an altitude of 80 m along 12 pre-designed missions and, with a search effort of 2.72 h of flight time, acquired a total of 11 799 images covering an effective surface area of 8.2 km2 of riverbank habitat. The images taken from the UAV could differentiate between gharial and muggers. A total count of 33 gharials and 31 muggers with observed density (per square kilometre) of 4.64 and 4.0 for gharial and mugger, respectively. Comparison of count data between one-time UAV and multiple conventional visual encounter rate surveys’ data showed no significant difference in the mean. Basking season and turbidity were important factors for monitoring crocodiles along the riverbank habitat. Efficacy of monitoring crocodiles by UAV at the given altitude can be replicated in high-priority areas with lower operating cost and acquisition of high-resolution data.","PeriodicalId":45619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/JUVS-2017-0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46882688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rice, Gajapriya Tamilselvan, S. Winter, Mattie N. Milner, Emily C. Anania, Lauren A. Sperlak, Daniel A. Marte
While much research has examined engineering and practical uses of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), there have been very few studies that have examined privacy concerns that the public may have towards UASs. Even less research has been conducted on how gender and type of UAS mission may affect privacy concerns. This paper examines gender differences in privacy concerns across a wide array of UAS mission types. We also examine potential mediators that explain why females and males differ in their privacy concerns. A total of 1067 participants were presented with various hypothetical UAS missions across four studies. They were asked to provide privacy concerns scores and related information. The results of all four studies conclude that there are distinct gender differences in UAS privacy concerns. These differences are mediated by various factors. The researchers conclude that future UAS operation should take into consideration the public’s privacy concerns and that these concerns are different for females and males.
{"title":"Public perception of UAS privacy concerns: a gender comparison","authors":"S. Rice, Gajapriya Tamilselvan, S. Winter, Mattie N. Milner, Emily C. Anania, Lauren A. Sperlak, Daniel A. Marte","doi":"10.1139/JUVS-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/JUVS-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"While much research has examined engineering and practical uses of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), there have been very few studies that have examined privacy concerns that the public may have towards UASs. Even less research has been conducted on how gender and type of UAS mission may affect privacy concerns. This paper examines gender differences in privacy concerns across a wide array of UAS mission types. We also examine potential mediators that explain why females and males differ in their privacy concerns. A total of 1067 participants were presented with various hypothetical UAS missions across four studies. They were asked to provide privacy concerns scores and related information. The results of all four studies conclude that there are distinct gender differences in UAS privacy concerns. These differences are mediated by various factors. The researchers conclude that future UAS operation should take into consideration the public’s privacy concerns and that these concerns are different for females and males.","PeriodicalId":45619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/JUVS-2017-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43909224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oliver Jordan Gooday, N. Key, S. Goldstien, Prof.Dr. Peyman Zawar-Reza
We investigated the efficacy of infrared thermal imaging devices for detecting coastal marine mammals in forested coastal environments. Our objective was to determine whether pinnipeds could be detected through the forest canopy using thermal imagery. We used a UAV-mounted and a ground-mounted infrared camera to survey New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) located in Ohau Stream and Point Kean coastal shrub forest on the east coast of New Zealand. These methods were compared to paired photographs and walk-through counts. Ground-mounted thermal images detected more seals than paired photographs during the cooler times of the day (morning and evening). In contrast, aerial thermal videos were successful in detecting fur seals in open areas, but were less successful in areas of high canopy cover (>80%). We discuss the advantages and limitations of thermal imaging for population sampling and provide some recommendations for future research.
{"title":"An assessment of thermal-image acquisition with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for direct counts of coastal marine mammals ashore","authors":"Oliver Jordan Gooday, N. Key, S. Goldstien, Prof.Dr. Peyman Zawar-Reza","doi":"10.1139/JUVS-2016-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/JUVS-2016-0029","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the efficacy of infrared thermal imaging devices for detecting coastal marine mammals in forested coastal environments. Our objective was to determine whether pinnipeds could be detected through the forest canopy using thermal imagery. We used a UAV-mounted and a ground-mounted infrared camera to survey New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) located in Ohau Stream and Point Kean coastal shrub forest on the east coast of New Zealand. These methods were compared to paired photographs and walk-through counts. Ground-mounted thermal images detected more seals than paired photographs during the cooler times of the day (morning and evening). In contrast, aerial thermal videos were successful in detecting fur seals in open areas, but were less successful in areas of high canopy cover (>80%). We discuss the advantages and limitations of thermal imaging for population sampling and provide some recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":45619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/JUVS-2016-0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47010736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dale A. Hamilton, M. Bowerman, J. Colwell, Greg Donohoe, B. Myers
1.5 to 4 million hectares of land burns in wildfire across the United States each year, contributing to post-fire erosion, ecosystem degradation and loss of wildlife habitat. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and sensor miniaturization offer a new paradigm, providing an affordable, safe, and responsive on-demand tool for monitoring fire effects at a much finer spatial resolution than is possible with current technology. Using spectroscopic analysis of a variety of live as well as combusted vegetation samples to identify the spectral separability of vegetation classes, an optimal set of spectra was selected to be utilized by machine learning classifiers. This approach allows high resolution mapping of wildland fire severity and extent.
{"title":"Spectroscopic Analysis for Mapping Wildland Fire Effects from Remotely Sensed Imagery.","authors":"Dale A. Hamilton, M. Bowerman, J. Colwell, Greg Donohoe, B. Myers","doi":"10.1139/JUVS-2016-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/JUVS-2016-0019","url":null,"abstract":"1.5 to 4 million hectares of land burns in wildfire across the United States each year, contributing to post-fire erosion, ecosystem degradation and loss of wildlife habitat. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and sensor miniaturization offer a new paradigm, providing an affordable, safe, and responsive on-demand tool for monitoring fire effects at a much finer spatial resolution than is possible with current technology. Using spectroscopic analysis of a variety of live as well as combusted vegetation samples to identify the spectral separability of vegetation classes, an optimal set of spectra was selected to be utilized by machine learning classifiers. This approach allows high resolution mapping of wildland fire severity and extent.","PeriodicalId":45619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1139/JUVS-2016-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44208702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Note of Appreciation","authors":"L. Peairs, E. N. Cory","doi":"10.1093/jee/46.6.4b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/46.6.4b","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"1953-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jee/46.6.4b","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61644290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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