{"title":"Digital Roots: Historicizing Media and Communication Concepts of the Digital Age. Edited by Gabriele Balbi, Nelson Ribeiro, Valérie Schafer, & Christian Schwarzenegger","authors":"Michelle Bartleman","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49564108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contexte : Cet article étudie les thématiques abordées dans des chaînes YouTube LGBTQIA+ au Canada, ainsi que les normes identitaires qu’elles contribuent à (re)produire. Analyse : L’analyse (N = 941 vidéos) révèle une répartition genrée des thématiques et une rupture avec le gender gap dans YouTube, alors que les chaînes les plus populaires appartiennent à des YouTubeuses trans. Conclusion et implications : Malgré une reproduction de l’hétéronormativité, les vidéos contribuent à l’élargissement de certaines normes identitaires et constituent une alternative aux discours médiatiques dominants. Le tri algorithmique de YouTube n’est pas étranger aux résultats obtenus relatifs à la reproduction de normes dominantes.
{"title":"Quelles (re)productions de normes identitaires dans YouTube? Étude de chaînes LGBTQIA+ au Canada","authors":"Mélanie Millette, A. Maillard","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Contexte : Cet article étudie les thématiques abordées dans des chaînes YouTube LGBTQIA+ au Canada, ainsi que les normes identitaires qu’elles contribuent à (re)produire. Analyse : L’analyse (N = 941 vidéos) révèle une répartition genrée des thématiques et une rupture avec le gender gap dans YouTube, alors que les chaînes les plus populaires appartiennent à des YouTubeuses trans. Conclusion et implications : Malgré une reproduction de l’hétéronormativité, les vidéos contribuent à l’élargissement de certaines normes identitaires et constituent une alternative aux discours médiatiques dominants. Le tri algorithmique de YouTube n’est pas étranger aux résultats obtenus relatifs à la reproduction de normes dominantes.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valerie Webber, M. MacDonald, Stefanie Duguay, F. McKelvey
Background: In 2021, the Canadian Parliamentary Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics (ETHI) conducted an inquiry around Pornhub, following allegations that parent company MindGeek profits from non-consensual content. Analysis: This article offers a discourse analysis of the ETHI’s process, testimony, and report on Pornhub using Carol Bacchi’s policy analysis method, “What is the problem represented to be?” Conclusions and implications: This study reveals a policy process blatantly influenced by anti-porn sentiments, resulting in hearings that framed porn as sexual violence rather than sex industry labour. It exposes how ETHI’s approach failed to constructively engage existing regulations, precarious labour conditions, or platform operations. The result is ineffective policy recommendations that procedurally exclude relevant stakeholders and do not adequately protect platform users from harm.
{"title":"Pornhub and Policy: Examining the Erasure of Pornography Workers in Canadian Platform Governance","authors":"Valerie Webber, M. MacDonald, Stefanie Duguay, F. McKelvey","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2021, the Canadian Parliamentary Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics (ETHI) conducted an inquiry around Pornhub, following allegations that parent company MindGeek profits from non-consensual content. Analysis: This article offers a discourse analysis of the ETHI’s process, testimony, and report on Pornhub using Carol Bacchi’s policy analysis method, “What is the problem represented to be?” Conclusions and implications: This study reveals a policy process blatantly influenced by anti-porn sentiments, resulting in hearings that framed porn as sexual violence rather than sex industry labour. It exposes how ETHI’s approach failed to constructively engage existing regulations, precarious labour conditions, or platform operations. The result is ineffective policy recommendations that procedurally exclude relevant stakeholders and do not adequately protect platform users from harm.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44180051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This policy review unpacks the complexities of applying competition law to platforms. These complexities arise from competing schools of thought, multisided market environments, and a limited capacity to address broader questions of platform governance. Analysis: A comparative analysis of a selection of cases and legislation is used to illuminate the diversity of approaches within competition and antitrust laws. Conclusions and implications: Reform-minded scholars, activists, and policymakers should engage the antitrust option with realistic expectations and simultaneously continue to seek policy alternatives to this framework.
{"title":"Platform Governance: The Antitrust Option","authors":"O. Akanbi, S. Hill, Jeremy Shtern","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This policy review unpacks the complexities of applying competition law to platforms. These complexities arise from competing schools of thought, multisided market environments, and a limited capacity to address broader questions of platform governance. Analysis: A comparative analysis of a selection of cases and legislation is used to illuminate the diversity of approaches within competition and antitrust laws. Conclusions and implications: Reform-minded scholars, activists, and policymakers should engage the antitrust option with realistic expectations and simultaneously continue to seek policy alternatives to this framework.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44871039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Merger control is an increasingly necessary and important policy mechanism, particularly in the telecommunications sector. Given that a Rogers–Shaw merger could still occur, this article explores and evaluates various approaches to merger review and control. Analysis: By comparing the Competition Bureau’s approach to merger control in Canada with merger control strategies employed by competition authorities in Europe, this article reveals limitations in Canada’s merger control process and the Competition Act. Conclusions and implications: The Competition Bureau’s treatment of structural merger control remedies in conjunction with legislation that prioritizes economic efficiencies over the needs of consumers, and a lack of public interest considerations, drastically limits the scope of the Competition Bureau’s capacity to regulate the telecommunications industry appropriately. This article provides recommendations that would better equip competition regulators in Canada.
{"title":"Merger Reform: Canada’s Telecommunications Industry and the Public Interest","authors":"Kevin Hudes","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Merger control is an increasingly necessary and important policy mechanism, particularly in the telecommunications sector. Given that a Rogers–Shaw merger could still occur, this article explores and evaluates various approaches to merger review and control. Analysis: By comparing the Competition Bureau’s approach to merger control in Canada with merger control strategies employed by competition authorities in Europe, this article reveals limitations in Canada’s merger control process and the Competition Act. Conclusions and implications: The Competition Bureau’s treatment of structural merger control remedies in conjunction with legislation that prioritizes economic efficiencies over the needs of consumers, and a lack of public interest considerations, drastically limits the scope of the Competition Bureau’s capacity to regulate the telecommunications industry appropriately. This article provides recommendations that would better equip competition regulators in Canada.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contexte : L’objectif général de cette recherche était de mieux comprendre comment le langage peut agir sur les états mentaux de personnes ayant subi des traumatismes physiques ou psychologiques majeurs pour favoriser leur bien-être. Analyse : Nous avons choisi de répondre à cette question à travers une enquête empirique qualitative au cours de laquelle nous avons interrogé quarante-neuf (49) personnes (patients, proches aidants, professionnels). Afin d’aller au cœur de la « performativité » du langage et de sa capacité à modifier les états mentaux, nous avons identifié des phrases et des mots qui ont « fait du bien » aux personnes traumatisées. Conclusion et implications : L’examen de ces mots et de ces phrases nous a permis d’identifier des grands thèmes que nous avons ensuite reliés à des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux et à des morphologies linguistiques élémentaires. Ceux-ci nous ont aidé à en saisir l’architecture de base sur laquelle il est possible de construire des outils conversationnels destinés à l’intervention psychosociale.
{"title":"L’usage de la parole pour surmonter les traumatismes personnels majeurs : pour une théorie des « mots qui font du bien »","authors":"Yanick Farmer","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0051","url":null,"abstract":"Contexte : L’objectif général de cette recherche était de mieux comprendre comment le langage peut agir sur les états mentaux de personnes ayant subi des traumatismes physiques ou psychologiques majeurs pour favoriser leur bien-être. Analyse : Nous avons choisi de répondre à cette question à travers une enquête empirique qualitative au cours de laquelle nous avons interrogé quarante-neuf (49) personnes (patients, proches aidants, professionnels). Afin d’aller au cœur de la « performativité » du langage et de sa capacité à modifier les états mentaux, nous avons identifié des phrases et des mots qui ont « fait du bien » aux personnes traumatisées. Conclusion et implications : L’examen de ces mots et de ces phrases nous a permis d’identifier des grands thèmes que nous avons ensuite reliés à des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux et à des morphologies linguistiques élémentaires. Ceux-ci nous ont aidé à en saisir l’architecture de base sur laquelle il est possible de construire des outils conversationnels destinés à l’intervention psychosociale.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47925130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Privacy regulations surrounding facial recognition technology (FRT) are not enough to protect the privacy of online users from FRT companies and law enforcement. Analysis: A case study analysis of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police’s (RCMP’s) use of Clearview AI reveals that police and FRT companies violate provincial and federal privacy regulations by scraping facial images from the internet without user consent. Conclusion and Implications: In the context of increased calls to further regulate FRT, this case study emphasizes that robust privacy protections extend beyond comprehensive privacy regulations, and must include fundamental changes to selfie, smartphone, and upgrade cultures.
{"title":"The Problem with Regulating Facial Recognition Technology in a Digital Culture of Visibility","authors":"Constantine Gidaris","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Privacy regulations surrounding facial recognition technology (FRT) are not enough to protect the privacy of online users from FRT companies and law enforcement. Analysis: A case study analysis of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police’s (RCMP’s) use of Clearview AI reveals that police and FRT companies violate provincial and federal privacy regulations by scraping facial images from the internet without user consent. Conclusion and Implications: In the context of increased calls to further regulate FRT, this case study emphasizes that robust privacy protections extend beyond comprehensive privacy regulations, and must include fundamental changes to selfie, smartphone, and upgrade cultures.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41990297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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