G. Elmer, Ganaele Langlois, F. McKelvey, Natalie Coulter
{"title":"Introduction: The Mainstreaming of the Canadian Alt-Right","authors":"G. Elmer, Ganaele Langlois, F. McKelvey, Natalie Coulter","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The Government of Canada’s Online Streaming Act attempts to incorporate online streaming services into the “single system” of the Broadcasting Act. The legislation has been heavily criticized for a variety of reasons, and constructive debate has been hampered by the lack of a clearly defined policy rationale or public interest objective—in large part because the term “broadcasting” is ill-defined in the Internet context. Analysis: This article applies Georgist political economy to reinterpret Dallas Smythe’s concept of the “audience commodity” for the purpose of integrating emergent theories about the economics of attention and freedom of speech in the context of broadcasting and online media regulation. The principal argument is that a resource-centric view of human attention creates a technology-neutral conceptual basis for determining the scope of what is and is not media broadcasting. Conclusions and implications: The conceptual framework developed aligns the audience commodity concept with the contemporary business reality of content creators and helps draw some defining lines around the concept of “broadcasting” in the era of Internet platforms. Transitioning the fundamental basis for the definition of “broadcasting” from one of transmission methods to one of controlling the bottlenecks of attention would make it far easier to construct meaningful legislation in the public interest.
{"title":"Broadcasting Reform in Canada: The Case for a Georgist View of the Audience Commodity","authors":"Gord Dimitrieff","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Government of Canada’s Online Streaming Act attempts to incorporate online streaming services into the “single system” of the Broadcasting Act. The legislation has been heavily criticized for a variety of reasons, and constructive debate has been hampered by the lack of a clearly defined policy rationale or public interest objective—in large part because the term “broadcasting” is ill-defined in the Internet context. Analysis: This article applies Georgist political economy to reinterpret Dallas Smythe’s concept of the “audience commodity” for the purpose of integrating emergent theories about the economics of attention and freedom of speech in the context of broadcasting and online media regulation. The principal argument is that a resource-centric view of human attention creates a technology-neutral conceptual basis for determining the scope of what is and is not media broadcasting. Conclusions and implications: The conceptual framework developed aligns the audience commodity concept with the contemporary business reality of content creators and helps draw some defining lines around the concept of “broadcasting” in the era of Internet platforms. Transitioning the fundamental basis for the definition of “broadcasting” from one of transmission methods to one of controlling the bottlenecks of attention would make it far easier to construct meaningful legislation in the public interest.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49223684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les barbares numériques: résister à l’invasion des GAFAM. Par Alain Saulnier","authors":"R. Armstrong","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-11-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-11-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45638360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facebook. By Taina Bucher","authors":"Hannah Block","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The contemporary political discourse about online disinformation has, in many cases, adopted assumptions about the dangers of mass culture that can be traced back to mid-twentieth century theories of mass society. Analysis: To understand how mass society theory has shaped contemporary debates about disinformation, the article examines the Government of Canada’s recent framing of the problem in terms of security, regulation, and media literacy. Conclusion and implications: The article shows that official discourses of disinformation have overemphasized the role of behavioural manipulation by foreign actors and technology companies and underestimated the deeper socio-structural factors that disinformation narratives express.
{"title":"Disinformation and the Return of Mass Society Theory","authors":"Michael Christensen","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-10-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-10-11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The contemporary political discourse about online disinformation has, in many cases, adopted assumptions about the dangers of mass culture that can be traced back to mid-twentieth century theories of mass society. Analysis: To understand how mass society theory has shaped contemporary debates about disinformation, the article examines the Government of Canada’s recent framing of the problem in terms of security, regulation, and media literacy. Conclusion and implications: The article shows that official discourses of disinformation have overemphasized the role of behavioural manipulation by foreign actors and technology companies and underestimated the deeper socio-structural factors that disinformation narratives express.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48396184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Canadian civil society organizations engage in strategic news-sharing to shape engagement with climate change, generating audience subsidies for news outlets. Analysis: This study analyzes the actors involved in such news sharing on Facebook and the engagement they generate for news genres, outlets, and authors. It maps the networks through which those favouring stronger climate action and those delaying such action subsidize different venues for climate journalism. Conclusions and implications: Anti-climate action actor subsidies are concentrated and amplify a small number of ideologically conservative voices and media outlets. Pro-climate action actor subsidies are smaller, widely dispersed and overlap with engagement generated by large news organizations.
{"title":"Curating Climate (In)Action: Strategic News-Sharing in Canadian Civil Society","authors":"S. Gunster","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Canadian civil society organizations engage in strategic news-sharing to shape engagement with climate change, generating audience subsidies for news outlets. Analysis: This study analyzes the actors involved in such news sharing on Facebook and the engagement they generate for news genres, outlets, and authors. It maps the networks through which those favouring stronger climate action and those delaying such action subsidize different venues for climate journalism. Conclusions and implications: Anti-climate action actor subsidies are concentrated and amplify a small number of ideologically conservative voices and media outlets. Pro-climate action actor subsidies are smaller, widely dispersed and overlap with engagement generated by large news organizations.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41734408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Since 2012, the feminist term rape culture has been broadly used in Canada and the U.S. to explain the cultural and structural supports that reproduce sexual violence, yet in recent years it has come under attack by anti-feminists. Analysis: This article examines opinion columns written by women published between 2012 and 2019 that target feminist frameworks on sexual violence, the terminology of rape culture, and campus feminism. Conclusion and implications: Anti-feminist columnists occupy key media positions from which to spread anti-feminist ideologies, connecting the various players of alt-right networks and right-wing movements and mainstreaming anti-feminism in the pages of Canada’s English language legacy press.
{"title":"Rape Culture: Anti-Feminist Backlash against a Feminist Concept","authors":"Carrie A Rentschler","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-09-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-09-19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since 2012, the feminist term rape culture has been broadly used in Canada and the U.S. to explain the cultural and structural supports that reproduce sexual violence, yet in recent years it has come under attack by anti-feminists. Analysis: This article examines opinion columns written by women published between 2012 and 2019 that target feminist frameworks on sexual violence, the terminology of rape culture, and campus feminism. Conclusion and implications: Anti-feminist columnists occupy key media positions from which to spread anti-feminist ideologies, connecting the various players of alt-right networks and right-wing movements and mainstreaming anti-feminism in the pages of Canada’s English language legacy press.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42794112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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