Background: Policies for developing broadband in rural and remote regions typically focus on infrastructure funding. This article postulates that funding may be necessary but is often not sufficient to install and operate sustainable broadband services in these areas. Analysis: This article analyzes issues raised in recent Canadian regulatory proceedings concerning broadband deployment and evidence submitted by Indigenous and community broadband providers that serve rural and remote regions in the Canadian North. Conclusions and implications: Several suggestions are provided to improve policies designed to extend reliable and affordable broadband and to facilitate the provision of services by small and Indigenous providers. These include reconsideration of northern jurisdictions to harmonize regulations, a Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission office dedicated to Indigenous issues, requirements for Indigenous consultation and training and hiring of residents, and procedures to expedite installation and procurement for Indigenous networks.
{"title":"Beyond Funding: Barriers to Extending Broadband in the Indigenous North","authors":"H. Hudson, Rob McMahon, Bill Murdoch","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Policies for developing broadband in rural and remote regions typically focus on infrastructure funding. This article postulates that funding may be necessary but is often not sufficient to install and operate sustainable broadband services in these areas. Analysis: This article analyzes issues raised in recent Canadian regulatory proceedings concerning broadband deployment and evidence submitted by Indigenous and community broadband providers that serve rural and remote regions in the Canadian North. Conclusions and implications: Several suggestions are provided to improve policies designed to extend reliable and affordable broadband and to facilitate the provision of services by small and Indigenous providers. These include reconsideration of northern jurisdictions to harmonize regulations, a Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission office dedicated to Indigenous issues, requirements for Indigenous consultation and training and hiring of residents, and procedures to expedite installation and procurement for Indigenous networks.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47063434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Roots: Historicizing Media and Communication Concepts of the Digital Age. Edited by Gabriele Balbi, Nelson Ribeiro, Valérie Schafer, & Christian Schwarzenegger","authors":"Michelle Bartleman","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49564108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This article examines to what extent Canadian public libraries participate in civic journalism at a time when news media coverage is declining in many communities. This pilot study was prompted by reports that public libraries in the United States were undertaking civic-minded journalism following the closure of community newspapers. Analysis: A content analysis of 64 Canadian public library websites found nearly a dozen examples of basic news reporting or civic-minded journalism initiatives (basic reporting, n = 8; civic, n = 3) published during the 2019 and 2021 federal election campaigns. This article also articulates and explains the shared goals and philosophy of the civic journalism movement and the mandate of public libraries. Conclusions and implications: While the numbers are small, this is the first empirical evidence of Canadian public library participation in journalism work, and the fact that it exists at all has significance. Whether or not public libraries in Canada continue to participate in civic-minded journalism warrants further attention.
背景:本文考察了在许多社区新闻媒体报道减少的情况下，加拿大公共图书馆参与公民新闻的程度。有报道说，在社区报纸关闭后，美国的公共图书馆正在开展具有公民意识的新闻工作，这促使了这项试验性研究。分析:对64个加拿大公共图书馆网站的内容分析发现了近12个基本新闻报道或具有公民意识的新闻倡议的例子(基本报道，n = 8;Civic, n = 3)在2019年和2021年联邦竞选期间发布。本文还阐述和解释了公民新闻运动的共同目标和哲学以及公共图书馆的使命。结论和启示:虽然数量很少，但这是加拿大公共图书馆参与新闻工作的第一个经验证据，而且它的存在本身就具有重要意义。加拿大的公共图书馆是否继续参与具有公民意识的新闻工作值得进一步关注。
{"title":"The New Civic Journalism? An Examination of Canadian Public Libraries as Community News Sources During the 2019 and 2021 Federal Election","authors":"Steve Lillebuen, Lisa Shamchuk","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This article examines to what extent Canadian public libraries participate in civic journalism at a time when news media coverage is declining in many communities. This pilot study was prompted by reports that public libraries in the United States were undertaking civic-minded journalism following the closure of community newspapers. Analysis: A content analysis of 64 Canadian public library websites found nearly a dozen examples of basic news reporting or civic-minded journalism initiatives (basic reporting, n = 8; civic, n = 3) published during the 2019 and 2021 federal election campaigns. This article also articulates and explains the shared goals and philosophy of the civic journalism movement and the mandate of public libraries. Conclusions and implications: While the numbers are small, this is the first empirical evidence of Canadian public library participation in journalism work, and the fact that it exists at all has significance. Whether or not public libraries in Canada continue to participate in civic-minded journalism warrants further attention.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42651025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contexte : Cet article étudie les thématiques abordées dans des chaînes YouTube LGBTQIA+ au Canada, ainsi que les normes identitaires qu’elles contribuent à (re)produire. Analyse : L’analyse (N = 941 vidéos) révèle une répartition genrée des thématiques et une rupture avec le gender gap dans YouTube, alors que les chaînes les plus populaires appartiennent à des YouTubeuses trans. Conclusion et implications : Malgré une reproduction de l’hétéronormativité, les vidéos contribuent à l’élargissement de certaines normes identitaires et constituent une alternative aux discours médiatiques dominants. Le tri algorithmique de YouTube n’est pas étranger aux résultats obtenus relatifs à la reproduction de normes dominantes.
{"title":"Quelles (re)productions de normes identitaires dans YouTube? Étude de chaînes LGBTQIA+ au Canada","authors":"Mélanie Millette, A. Maillard","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Contexte : Cet article étudie les thématiques abordées dans des chaînes YouTube LGBTQIA+ au Canada, ainsi que les normes identitaires qu’elles contribuent à (re)produire. Analyse : L’analyse (N = 941 vidéos) révèle une répartition genrée des thématiques et une rupture avec le gender gap dans YouTube, alors que les chaînes les plus populaires appartiennent à des YouTubeuses trans. Conclusion et implications : Malgré une reproduction de l’hétéronormativité, les vidéos contribuent à l’élargissement de certaines normes identitaires et constituent une alternative aux discours médiatiques dominants. Le tri algorithmique de YouTube n’est pas étranger aux résultats obtenus relatifs à la reproduction de normes dominantes.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This policy review unpacks the complexities of applying competition law to platforms. These complexities arise from competing schools of thought, multisided market environments, and a limited capacity to address broader questions of platform governance. Analysis: A comparative analysis of a selection of cases and legislation is used to illuminate the diversity of approaches within competition and antitrust laws. Conclusions and implications: Reform-minded scholars, activists, and policymakers should engage the antitrust option with realistic expectations and simultaneously continue to seek policy alternatives to this framework.
{"title":"Platform Governance: The Antitrust Option","authors":"O. Akanbi, S. Hill, Jeremy Shtern","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This policy review unpacks the complexities of applying competition law to platforms. These complexities arise from competing schools of thought, multisided market environments, and a limited capacity to address broader questions of platform governance. Analysis: A comparative analysis of a selection of cases and legislation is used to illuminate the diversity of approaches within competition and antitrust laws. Conclusions and implications: Reform-minded scholars, activists, and policymakers should engage the antitrust option with realistic expectations and simultaneously continue to seek policy alternatives to this framework.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44871039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valerie Webber, M. MacDonald, Stefanie Duguay, F. McKelvey
Background: In 2021, the Canadian Parliamentary Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics (ETHI) conducted an inquiry around Pornhub, following allegations that parent company MindGeek profits from non-consensual content. Analysis: This article offers a discourse analysis of the ETHI’s process, testimony, and report on Pornhub using Carol Bacchi’s policy analysis method, “What is the problem represented to be?” Conclusions and implications: This study reveals a policy process blatantly influenced by anti-porn sentiments, resulting in hearings that framed porn as sexual violence rather than sex industry labour. It exposes how ETHI’s approach failed to constructively engage existing regulations, precarious labour conditions, or platform operations. The result is ineffective policy recommendations that procedurally exclude relevant stakeholders and do not adequately protect platform users from harm.
{"title":"Pornhub and Policy: Examining the Erasure of Pornography Workers in Canadian Platform Governance","authors":"Valerie Webber, M. MacDonald, Stefanie Duguay, F. McKelvey","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2021, the Canadian Parliamentary Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics (ETHI) conducted an inquiry around Pornhub, following allegations that parent company MindGeek profits from non-consensual content. Analysis: This article offers a discourse analysis of the ETHI’s process, testimony, and report on Pornhub using Carol Bacchi’s policy analysis method, “What is the problem represented to be?” Conclusions and implications: This study reveals a policy process blatantly influenced by anti-porn sentiments, resulting in hearings that framed porn as sexual violence rather than sex industry labour. It exposes how ETHI’s approach failed to constructively engage existing regulations, precarious labour conditions, or platform operations. The result is ineffective policy recommendations that procedurally exclude relevant stakeholders and do not adequately protect platform users from harm.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44180051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Merger control is an increasingly necessary and important policy mechanism, particularly in the telecommunications sector. Given that a Rogers–Shaw merger could still occur, this article explores and evaluates various approaches to merger review and control. Analysis: By comparing the Competition Bureau’s approach to merger control in Canada with merger control strategies employed by competition authorities in Europe, this article reveals limitations in Canada’s merger control process and the Competition Act. Conclusions and implications: The Competition Bureau’s treatment of structural merger control remedies in conjunction with legislation that prioritizes economic efficiencies over the needs of consumers, and a lack of public interest considerations, drastically limits the scope of the Competition Bureau’s capacity to regulate the telecommunications industry appropriately. This article provides recommendations that would better equip competition regulators in Canada.
{"title":"Merger Reform: Canada’s Telecommunications Industry and the Public Interest","authors":"Kevin Hudes","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Merger control is an increasingly necessary and important policy mechanism, particularly in the telecommunications sector. Given that a Rogers–Shaw merger could still occur, this article explores and evaluates various approaches to merger review and control. Analysis: By comparing the Competition Bureau’s approach to merger control in Canada with merger control strategies employed by competition authorities in Europe, this article reveals limitations in Canada’s merger control process and the Competition Act. Conclusions and implications: The Competition Bureau’s treatment of structural merger control remedies in conjunction with legislation that prioritizes economic efficiencies over the needs of consumers, and a lack of public interest considerations, drastically limits the scope of the Competition Bureau’s capacity to regulate the telecommunications industry appropriately. This article provides recommendations that would better equip competition regulators in Canada.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contexte : L’objectif général de cette recherche était de mieux comprendre comment le langage peut agir sur les états mentaux de personnes ayant subi des traumatismes physiques ou psychologiques majeurs pour favoriser leur bien-être. Analyse : Nous avons choisi de répondre à cette question à travers une enquête empirique qualitative au cours de laquelle nous avons interrogé quarante-neuf (49) personnes (patients, proches aidants, professionnels). Afin d’aller au cœur de la « performativité » du langage et de sa capacité à modifier les états mentaux, nous avons identifié des phrases et des mots qui ont « fait du bien » aux personnes traumatisées. Conclusion et implications : L’examen de ces mots et de ces phrases nous a permis d’identifier des grands thèmes que nous avons ensuite reliés à des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux et à des morphologies linguistiques élémentaires. Ceux-ci nous ont aidé à en saisir l’architecture de base sur laquelle il est possible de construire des outils conversationnels destinés à l’intervention psychosociale.
{"title":"L’usage de la parole pour surmonter les traumatismes personnels majeurs : pour une théorie des « mots qui font du bien »","authors":"Yanick Farmer","doi":"10.3138/cjc.2022-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/cjc.2022-0051","url":null,"abstract":"Contexte : L’objectif général de cette recherche était de mieux comprendre comment le langage peut agir sur les états mentaux de personnes ayant subi des traumatismes physiques ou psychologiques majeurs pour favoriser leur bien-être. Analyse : Nous avons choisi de répondre à cette question à travers une enquête empirique qualitative au cours de laquelle nous avons interrogé quarante-neuf (49) personnes (patients, proches aidants, professionnels). Afin d’aller au cœur de la « performativité » du langage et de sa capacité à modifier les états mentaux, nous avons identifié des phrases et des mots qui ont « fait du bien » aux personnes traumatisées. Conclusion et implications : L’examen de ces mots et de ces phrases nous a permis d’identifier des grands thèmes que nous avons ensuite reliés à des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux et à des morphologies linguistiques élémentaires. Ceux-ci nous ont aidé à en saisir l’architecture de base sur laquelle il est possible de construire des outils conversationnels destinés à l’intervention psychosociale.","PeriodicalId":45663,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47925130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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