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“Invading Indigenous Territory is Not Reconciliation”: Problematizing War Frames in News Coverage of Wet’suwet’en Solidarity Actions "入侵土著领土不是和解":Wet'suwet'en 团结行动新闻报道中的战争框架问题化
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0004
Rebecca Hume, Kevin Walby
Context: Leading up to the March 2020 global COVID-19 lockdown, an important movement was building power across so-called Canada. What began as a continuation of the decades-long, localized struggle for self-determination in Wet’suwet’en territory quickly became a focal point for nationwide Indigenous resistance, refusal, and solidarity. Analysis: Drawing from literature on media framing, this article examines the use of war frames in early 2020 news depictions of mobilizations in solidarity with Wet’suwet’en. The analysis suggests that war frames are operationalized to simultaneously naturalize police violence while also validating the sovereignty of Indigenous nations. Conclusion and implications: This work contributes not only to the literature on the framing of protests by the mainstream media but also to the ongoing project of unsettling conditions of settler colonial power in Canadian society.
背景:在 2020 年 3 月全球 COVID-19 封锁之前,一场重要的运动正在所谓的加拿大各地形成力量。这场运动最初是 Wet'suwet'en 地区长达数十年之久的地方性自决斗争的延续,但很快就成为全国范围内原住民反抗、拒绝和团结的焦点。分析:本文借鉴媒体框架的相关文献,研究了 2020 年初新闻报道中战争框架在声援 Wet'suwet'en 的动员活动中的应用。分析表明,战争框架的运用在使警察暴力自然化的同时,也验证了土著民族的主权。结论和影响:这项研究不仅为有关主流媒体对抗议活动进行框架设计的文献做出了贡献,还为加拿大社会正在进行的揭示定居者殖民权力状况的项目做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Repetitions, Rhythms and Future Imaginaries: Currents in Canadian Communication Studies 重复、节奏与未来想象:加拿大传播研究的潮流
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-48.4-editorial
Andrea Zeffiro
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引用次数: 0
Du « modèle du déficit » au tournant participatif en communication des risques : les luttes d’expertise au cœur de l’acceptabilité sociale des projets d’exploitation des ressources naturelles 从 "赤字模式 "到风险交流中的参与性转向:自然资源开发项目的社会可接受性核心是对专业知识的争夺
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0005
Stéphanie Yates, Justine Lalande, M. Lalancette
Contexte : Les promoteurs ont tendance à avoir recours à un « modèle du déficit » qui mise sur l’expertise pour informer et convaincre les populations du bien-fondé d’un projet. Analyse : Au moyen de deux cas discutés dans le contexte québécois puis rejetés par manque d’acceptabilité sociale, nous montrons que le modèle du déficit a à chaque fois contribué à envenimer les conflits, les populations ayant réagi à cette approche en opposant une contre-expertise crédible aux discours des promoteurs. Conclusions et implications : Notre analyse nous permet de tirer des leçons qui s’appliquent à d’autres projets. La reconnaissance d’une science plurielle, pas encore consensuelle, autour des projets discutés ainsi qu’une gestion participative du risque aurait pu mener à une discussion plus féconde sur les conditions d’acceptabilité de tels projets.
背景:开发商倾向于使用 "赤字模式",即依靠专业知识来告知并说服人们项目的优点。分析:通过在魁北克背景下讨论的两个案例(后因缺乏社会可接受性而被否决),我们表明,在每个案例中,赤字模式都加剧了冲突,民众对这种方法的反应是反对可信的反专家意见,以对抗发起人的言论。结论与启示:我们的分析使我们能够吸取教训,并应用于其他项目。认识到围绕所讨论的项目存在尚未达成共识的多元科学,以及对风险的参与式管理,本可以就此类项目的可接受性条件展开更富有成效的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Supply Diversity in Subscription Video-on-Demand Platforms in Mexico and Canada 墨西哥和加拿大订阅视频点播平台的供应多样性
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0081
Argelia Muñoz Larroa
Background: Using the term “cultural diversity” as an analytical framework and normative guideline to assess cultural flows, this article analyzes the catalogs of major platforms for subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) in Mexico and Canada. Analysis: This study systematized the catalogs’ content titles to produce statistics on country of origin as indicators of “supply diversity.” Conclusions and implications: The results reveal that (1) content from the United States and Europe predominates; (2) tech platforms offer a higher degree of international content (“external diversity”) than platforms from traditional Hollywood studios and local companies; and (3) for most platforms, local content is scarce, which could indicate lower “internal diversity.”
背景:本文以 "文化多样性 "作为评估文化流动的分析框架和规范准则,分析了墨西哥和加拿大主要订阅视频点播(SVOD)平台的目录。分析:本研究对目录中的内容标题进行了系统化处理,得出了作为 "供应多样性 "指标的原产国统计数据。结论和影响:结果显示:(1) 来自美国和欧洲的内容占主导地位;(2) 与来自传统好莱坞电影公司和本地公司的平台相比,科技平台提供的国际内容程度更高("外部多样性");(3) 对于大多数平台而言,本地内容稀缺,这可能表明 "内部多样性 "较低。
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引用次数: 0
Discoverability and Algorithmic Recommendations in Video Streaming Platforms: Exploring Algorithmic Gender and Race Bias as a Canadian Broadcast Policy Concern 视频流平台中的可发现性和算法推荐:将算法的性别和种族偏见作为加拿大广播政策关注点进行探讨
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0054
Fizza Kulvi, Sara Bannerman, Faiza Hirji, Manveetha Muddaluru, Emmanuel Appiah, Leandra Greenfield, Erica Rzepecki, Christine Quail
Background: In 2023, the Canadian government passed legislation empowering the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to require streaming platforms to ensure the “discoverability” of Canadian content. These debates about discoverability provisions primarily focused on the promotion of Canadian content, with little emphasis on gender and racial equity. Analysis: Through interviews with stakeholders in the Canadian screen industry, we explore views on recommendation systems and questions of gender and race bias in streaming recommendations. Conclusion and implications: Interviews revealed concerns beyond promoting “Canadian” content that the broadcast reform initiative focuses on, including concerns about streaming recommendations’ tendencies to promote a narrow range of content and their failure to “see” and recommend content from racialized women.
背景:2023 年,加拿大政府通过立法,授权加拿大广播电视和电信委员会(CRTC)要求流媒体平台确保加拿大内容的 "可发现性"。这些关于 "可发现性 "条款的争论主要集中在加拿大内容的推广上,很少强调性别和种族平等。分析:通过采访加拿大屏幕行业的利益相关者,我们探讨了对推荐系统的看法以及流媒体推荐中的性别和种族偏见问题。结论和影响:访谈显示,除了广播改革计划关注的推广 "加拿大 "内容外,我们还关注流媒体推荐倾向于推广范围狭窄的内容,以及它们未能 "看到 "和推荐来自种族化女性的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Media Framing of Dominant Ideologies in Explanatory Journalism Concerning Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 在有关人工智能和机器人的解释性新闻中,媒体对主流意识形态的定格
IF 0.5 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0017
Lauren Dwyer, Charlotte Crawford, Frauke Zeller
Background: This case study investigates how dominant narratives and hegemonic ideals shape technological discourses in explanatory journalism. It examines dominant media frames in articles on technology, artificial intelligence (AI), and robotics in a multinational outlet for explanatory journalism. Analysis: Before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, media frames in articles on the aforementioned topics were analyzed to determine their prevalence and impact. Conclusions and implications: Framing robotic and AI-powered technologies shapes the perception of these technologies and of the institutional bodies surrounding them. This research explores connections and considers the initial impact of COVID-19 on the use of media frames and hegemonic narratives.
背景:本案例研究探讨了主流叙事和霸权理想如何塑造解释性新闻中的技术话语。它研究了一家跨国解释性新闻媒体中有关技术、人工智能(AI)和机器人的文章中的主流媒体框架。分析:在第一波 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间,分析了上述主题文章中的媒体框架,以确定其普遍性和影响。结论与影响:对机器人和人工智能技术的框架塑造了人们对这些技术以及围绕这些技术的机构的看法。本研究探讨了 COVID-19 对媒体框架和霸权叙事的使用所产生的联系和初步影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Missed Opportunity? Making Sense of the Low Adoption Rate of COVID Alert, Canada’s Contact-Tracing Application 错失良机?加拿大接触者追踪应用COVID Alert采用率低的原因
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0055
David Dumouchel, Yannick Dufresne, Richard Nadeau, William Poirier
Background: This study reflects on the low adoption rate of COVID Alert, the Canadian contact-tracing application, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis: Using data from two representative surveys conducted in Canada in 2020, this article examines how the application’s attributes and citizens’ attitudes on the sanitary crisis and on technology may have influenced the low adoption rate of COVID Alert. Conclusions and implications: The results suggest that the application design was socially acceptable, that it was seen as useful, and that it was not perceived as risky or hard to use. Contrasting this evidence with the unpopularity of COVID Alert leads to the suggestion that the barrier to greater uptake may have partly come from the inability of its developers to effectively promote the application.
背景:本研究反映了COVID-19大流行期间加拿大接触者追踪应用程序COVID Alert采用率低的问题。分析:本文利用2020年在加拿大进行的两次代表性调查的数据,研究了应用程序的属性和公民对卫生危机和技术的态度如何影响COVID警报的低采用率。结论和含义:结果表明应用程序设计是社会可接受的,它被认为是有用的,并且它不被认为有风险或难以使用。将这一证据与COVID Alert不受欢迎的情况进行对比,可以得出这样的结论:更大普及的障碍可能部分来自其开发人员无法有效推广该应用程序。
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引用次数: 0
#NousSavons : en mission pour dire la vérité #NousSavons:使命是说出真相
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0067
Axel Boursier
Background: In July 2021, in France, the hashtag “#NousSavons” (“#WeKnow”) emerged, aimed at rallying COVID skeptics on Twitter. Creating a genuine online community, this hashtag mobilized its members by having them question dominant forms of knowledge. This article examines the architecture of the discourses developed by the members of the #NousSavons community. Analysis: The analysis considers two of this community’s initiatives that supported a conspiracy-based perception of COVID-19: establishing the legitimacy of their perception of the crisis and publicizing this perception. Conclusions and implications: This article shows the diversity of evidence put forward by the community as well as the latter’s singular positioning with regard to the truth. It also analyzes the refinement of the communication practices that were implemented in order to convince members of the public sphere of the legitimacy of their viewpoint.
背景:2021年7月,在法国出现了“#NousSavons”(“#我们知道”)标签,旨在团结推特上对COVID持怀疑态度的人。这个标签创建了一个真正的在线社区,通过让成员质疑主流的知识形式来动员他们。本文考察了#NousSavons社区成员开发的话语架构。分析:该分析考虑了该社区支持基于阴谋论的COVID-19认知的两项举措:建立他们对危机认知的合法性并宣传这种认知。结论和启示:这篇文章展示了社区提出的证据的多样性,以及后者对真相的单一定位。它还分析了为了使公共领域的成员相信其观点的合法性而实施的传播实践的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Permanences and Mutations in the French and German Media Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行期间法国和德国媒体系统的持久性和突变
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0057
Pauline Amiel, Olivier Baisnée, Jérôme Berthaut, Cyriac Gousset, Nicolas Hubé, Peter Maurer, Cornelia Mothes, Jérémie Nollet
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed journalistic practices and media roles in France and Germany. Analysis: As part of the Journalistic Role Performance Project (JRP), 9,438 articles published in France and Germany in 2020 were analyzed to determine trends in journalistic sources and the presence of six professional roles (watchdog, loyal facilitator, interventionist disseminator, service, infotainment, and civic) in news coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions and implications: Professional roles in French and German media production are similar despite the countries having distinct media systems. However, notable differences exist in terms of journalistic practices. German media are characterized by the use of sources to justify institutional decisions. In contrast, French journalistic content is less politicized with a focus on “health” sources.
背景:2019冠状病毒病大流行改变了法国和德国的新闻实践和媒体角色。分析:作为新闻角色表现项目(JRP)的一部分,研究人员分析了2020年在法国和德国发表的9438篇文章,以确定新闻来源的趋势,以及在2019冠状病毒病大流行的新闻报道中存在的六种专业角色(监督者、忠实调解者、干预传播者、服务、信息娱乐和公民)。结论和影响:尽管法国和德国拥有不同的媒体系统,但两国媒体制作中的专业角色是相似的。然而,在新闻实践方面存在着显著差异。德国媒体的特点是利用消息来源为机构决策辩护。相比之下,法国新闻内容的政治化程度较低,主要关注“健康”消息来源。
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引用次数: 0
Science For All? Relating Actors, Links, and Discourses with (Fake) Scientific Claims About COVID-19 on Twitter 全民科学?将推特上关于COVID-19的(虚假)科学主张与行动者、链接和话语联系起来
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3138/cjc-2022-0060
Victor Piaia, Sabrina Almeida, Tatiana Dourado, Marcela Canavarro, Dalby Dienstbach, Maria Sirleidy Cordeiro, Lucas Roberto da Silva, Danilo Carvalho
Background: This article looks at discourses using alleged scientific sources to support or oppose political positions on the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Analysis: The authors analyzed more than 3.3 million tweets, sorted according to linguistic rules, from a broader database of tweets related to the pandemic. The focus of this analysis was tweets containing affirmations, allusions, or questionings allegedly referring to scientific studies and hypotheses or authoritative sources in order to legitimize a position as being based on scientific truth. Conclusion and implication: The study shows that scientific sources are largely mobilized in networks of information and disinformation and are heavily present in a vast proportion of anti-science and negationist arguments.
背景:本文着眼于利用所谓的科学来源来支持或反对巴西COVID-19大流行的政治立场的话语。分析:作者分析了330多万条推文,根据语言规则进行了分类,这些推文来自与疫情有关的更广泛的推文数据库。该分析的重点是包含肯定,典故或质疑的推文,据称涉及科学研究和假设或权威来源,以使基于科学真理的立场合法化。结论和含义:研究表明,科学来源在很大程度上是在信息和虚假信息网络中被动员起来的,并且大量存在于反科学和否定主义的论点中。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Canadian Journal of Communication
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