Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1108/jeee-05-2022-0158
Wei Li, Huan Liu, Yingshi Chen
Purpose This study aims to measure social enterprises’ (SEs’) social objectives under the United Nation’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, and explore the impact of SEs’ social objectives on their choices of legal forms. Design/methodology/approach This study used semi-structured questionnaires followed up by field interviews and observations of the sampled SEs. The survey sample includes 80 participants of Social Entrepreneurs Stars Competition in Zhejiang Province of China. The authors conduct content analysis to measure the objectives of SEs. The authors also perform descriptive analysis, chi-square test and regression analysis on the data. Findings The findings confirm the theoretical discussions that SEs’ choices of legal forms reflect SEs’ strategies toward achieving social objectives. Similar to certain countries, some SEs in China register as nonprofit entities to concentrate on nonprofitable sustainability objectives, while others register as commercial enterprises or hybrid organizations to generate profits. However, some SEs focus on profitable non-sustainability issues and fail to prioritize social objectives over economic objectives. There are positive effects of social entrepreneurs’ background similarity and negative effects of social entrepreneurs’ educational level on their SEs’ choices to register as commercial enterprises. Research limitations/implications Due to the small size and nonrepresentative sample this study is based on, the findings need be further tested by a larger sample. SEs in different service domains rely on different types of financial resources (Mair et al., 2012; Doherty et al., 2014). In future research, the model can be expanded to test the effects of service domains and types of financial sources on SEs’ choices of legal forms. Practical implications To encourage more societal resources being allocated toward achieving the United Nations’ SDGs, policymakers and SE certification programs are recommended to explicitly incorporate sustainability objectives into the evaluation standards and supportive policies for SEs. Social entrepreneurs who aim to balance the social and economic objectives in their business are suggested to target the population with whom they share similar community background. Training or consulting programs for social entrepreneurs are suggested to provide advice tailored to their socio-economic background and personal experiences. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ this study is the first quantitative analysis to identify factors that associate with SEs’ choice of legal forms in China. The authors developed new instruments to measure SEs’ social objectives and service targets, access to financial resources and social entrepreneurs’ social-economic backgrounds.
本研究旨在衡量联合国17项可持续发展目标框架下社会企业的社会目标，并探讨社会企业社会目标对其法律形式选择的影响。设计/方法/方法本研究采用半结构化问卷，随后对抽样的中小企业进行实地访谈和观察。调查样本包括中国浙江省社会企业家之星大赛的80名参与者。作者进行了内容分析，以衡量社会企业的目标。作者对数据进行了描述性分析、卡方检验和回归分析。研究结果证实了理论讨论，即社会企业对法律形式的选择反映了社会企业实现社会目标的策略。与某些国家类似，中国的一些企业注册为非营利实体，专注于非营利性的可持续发展目标，而其他企业注册为商业企业或混合组织，以产生利润。然而，一些企业关注的是有利可图的非可持续性问题，未能将社会目标置于经济目标之上。社会企业家背景相似性对社会企业家注册企业的选择有正向影响，社会企业家教育程度对社会企业家注册企业的选择有负向影响。研究的局限性/意义由于本研究的样本规模小且不具有代表性，研究结果需要通过更大的样本进一步检验。不同服务领域的企业依赖不同类型的财务资源(maair et al.， 2012;Doherty et al.， 2014)。在未来的研究中，该模型可以扩展到检验服务领域和资金来源类型对中小企业法律形式选择的影响。为了鼓励更多的社会资源用于实现联合国可持续发展目标，建议政策制定者和中小企业认证项目将可持续发展目标明确纳入中小企业的评估标准和支持政策。旨在平衡其业务中的社会和经济目标的社会企业家建议以与他们有相似社区背景的人口为目标。建议为社会企业家提供培训或咨询方案，根据他们的社会经济背景和个人经历提供建议。原创性/价值本研究首次定量分析了影响中小企业法律形式选择的因素。作者开发了新的工具来衡量社会企业的社会目标和服务目标、获得金融资源和社会企业家的社会经济背景。
{"title":"Social enterprises’ objectives and choices of legal forms under the framework of Sustainable Development Goals – an analysis of 80 cases in Zhejiang Province, China","authors":"Wei Li, Huan Liu, Yingshi Chen","doi":"10.1108/jeee-05-2022-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-05-2022-0158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to measure social enterprises’ (SEs’) social objectives under the United Nation’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, and explore the impact of SEs’ social objectives on their choices of legal forms.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study used semi-structured questionnaires followed up by field interviews and observations of the sampled SEs. The survey sample includes 80 participants of Social Entrepreneurs Stars Competition in Zhejiang Province of China. The authors conduct content analysis to measure the objectives of SEs. The authors also perform descriptive analysis, chi-square test and regression analysis on the data.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings confirm the theoretical discussions that SEs’ choices of legal forms reflect SEs’ strategies toward achieving social objectives. Similar to certain countries, some SEs in China register as nonprofit entities to concentrate on nonprofitable sustainability objectives, while others register as commercial enterprises or hybrid organizations to generate profits. However, some SEs focus on profitable non-sustainability issues and fail to prioritize social objectives over economic objectives. There are positive effects of social entrepreneurs’ background similarity and negative effects of social entrepreneurs’ educational level on their SEs’ choices to register as commercial enterprises.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Due to the small size and nonrepresentative sample this study is based on, the findings need be further tested by a larger sample. SEs in different service domains rely on different types of financial resources (Mair et al., 2012; Doherty et al., 2014). In future research, the model can be expanded to test the effects of service domains and types of financial sources on SEs’ choices of legal forms.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000To encourage more societal resources being allocated toward achieving the United Nations’ SDGs, policymakers and SE certification programs are recommended to explicitly incorporate sustainability objectives into the evaluation standards and supportive policies for SEs. Social entrepreneurs who aim to balance the social and economic objectives in their business are suggested to target the population with whom they share similar community background. Training or consulting programs for social entrepreneurs are suggested to provide advice tailored to their socio-economic background and personal experiences.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ this study is the first quantitative analysis to identify factors that associate with SEs’ choice of legal forms in China. The authors developed new instruments to measure SEs’ social objectives and service targets, access to financial resources and social entrepreneurs’ social-economic backgrounds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0011
Anasuya K. Lingappa, L. L. Rodrigues, Dasharathraj K. Shetty
Purpose Women entrepreneurs are often categorized and assessed for various outcomes based on their start-up motivations. It is generally assumed that entrepreneurs with opportunity motivation have better performance when compared to necessity entrepreneurs. This study aims to test these suppositions through the lens of the entrepreneur’s motivation to learn (MTL) and level of female entrepreneurial competencies (FECs), namely, business and management, entrepreneurial, human relations (HR) and personal. Design/methodology/approach Data collected from 344 respondents through a survey questionnaire was analyzed using the structural equation modelling – partial least squares method using SmartPLS 4. Findings The findings highlight the need of recognizing the differentials between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs as they were found to influence performance and learning outcomes. Opportunity entrepreneurship was found to significantly impact both MTL and the FECs. The authors also observed that business and management skills along with HR competencies played a greater role in the firm performance. Practical implications The findings demonstrate a case for specialized, tailor-made policy approaches rather than the “one size fits all” approach as evident in many government programs. As necessity entrepreneurs form a vital part of the Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem, apart from mentoring, need-based competency development programs may be looked at. Opportunity entrepreneurs may need support and encouragement through advanced skilling and uncomplicated funding options. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, empirical studies related to women-owned micro, small and medium enterprises in India establishing the relationship between start-up motivation and business performance are scarce. Even in the global context, this is one of the initial studies to examine the relationship through the lens of MTL and competencies.
{"title":"Performance differentials of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs: through the lens of motivation to learn and female entrepreneurial competencies","authors":"Anasuya K. Lingappa, L. L. Rodrigues, Dasharathraj K. Shetty","doi":"10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Women entrepreneurs are often categorized and assessed for various outcomes based on their start-up motivations. It is generally assumed that entrepreneurs with opportunity motivation have better performance when compared to necessity entrepreneurs. This study aims to test these suppositions through the lens of the entrepreneur’s motivation to learn (MTL) and level of female entrepreneurial competencies (FECs), namely, business and management, entrepreneurial, human relations (HR) and personal.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data collected from 344 respondents through a survey questionnaire was analyzed using the structural equation modelling – partial least squares method using SmartPLS 4.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings highlight the need of recognizing the differentials between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs as they were found to influence performance and learning outcomes. Opportunity entrepreneurship was found to significantly impact both MTL and the FECs. The authors also observed that business and management skills along with HR competencies played a greater role in the firm performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The findings demonstrate a case for specialized, tailor-made policy approaches rather than the “one size fits all” approach as evident in many government programs. As necessity entrepreneurs form a vital part of the Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem, apart from mentoring, need-based competency development programs may be looked at. Opportunity entrepreneurs may need support and encouragement through advanced skilling and uncomplicated funding options.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, empirical studies related to women-owned micro, small and medium enterprises in India establishing the relationship between start-up motivation and business performance are scarce. Even in the global context, this is one of the initial studies to examine the relationship through the lens of MTL and competencies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45667728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1108/jeee-02-2023-0052
A. Sörensson, Navid Ghannad
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore and gain a greater understanding of women's entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic. How have women entrepreneurs changed their entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic? What dimensions are highlighted by women entrepreneurs for a sustainable entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic? Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted with a qualitative design where multiple case studies were conducted with 30 women. Data were collected through qualitative interviews with the women entrepreneurs in Asia and Europe. Findings The results from this study show that women entrepreneurs have mainly focused on financial resources. Economic sustainability is required for companies to survive a crisis in the form of a pandemic. This study has shown what lessons women have from the pandemic where the four D’s model constitute a first step to a theoretical contribution. For women, it is about dollars (e g economic sustainability), demand from customers, the role that digitization has played and distribution both to customers and from suppliers. Practical implications Practical implications from this study are that women entrepreneurs need to be prepared for economic crises to a larger extent. The economic sustainability plays a key role in sustainable businesses for women entrepreneurs in any kind of context. Social implications Women's entrepreneurship looks different, and more knowledge is needed about their conditions. It contributes to increased social sustainability. Originality/value This study contributes to an increased understanding of how women's entrepreneurship has been affected during a global crisis.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial opportunities and difficulties under COVID-19 for women entrepreneurs in Asia and Europe","authors":"A. Sörensson, Navid Ghannad","doi":"10.1108/jeee-02-2023-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-02-2023-0052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to explore and gain a greater understanding of women's entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic. How have women entrepreneurs changed their entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic? What dimensions are highlighted by women entrepreneurs for a sustainable entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic?\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study was conducted with a qualitative design where multiple case studies were conducted with 30 women. Data were collected through qualitative interviews with the women entrepreneurs in Asia and Europe.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results from this study show that women entrepreneurs have mainly focused on financial resources. Economic sustainability is required for companies to survive a crisis in the form of a pandemic. This study has shown what lessons women have from the pandemic where the four D’s model constitute a first step to a theoretical contribution. For women, it is about dollars (e g economic sustainability), demand from customers, the role that digitization has played and distribution both to customers and from suppliers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Practical implications from this study are that women entrepreneurs need to be prepared for economic crises to a larger extent. The economic sustainability plays a key role in sustainable businesses for women entrepreneurs in any kind of context.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000Women's entrepreneurship looks different, and more knowledge is needed about their conditions. It contributes to increased social sustainability.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study contributes to an increased understanding of how women's entrepreneurship has been affected during a global crisis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42218546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1108/jeee-11-2022-0331
Worachet Onngam, Peerayuth Charoensukmongkol
Purpose Despite the increasing numbers of research studies about social media business, the concept of social media agility is still an emerging topic that has been understudied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social media agility on business performance by using a sample of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Moreover, this study explored whether the effect of social media agility on business performance could be moderated by the characteristic of firm in terms of size, as well as the characteristic of market environment in terms of environmental dynamism. Design/methodology/approach The sample of 337 firms was obtained from the business directory using the simple random sampling method, and the model assessment was performed by using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The data analysis indicated that social media agility positively affected the business performance of SMEs. Moreover, the moderating effect analysis showed that smaller firms tended to gain higher business performance from social media agility than larger firms. In addition, social media agility positively affected business performance to a greater extent when firms operated under low environmental dynamism than when they operated under high environmental dynamism. Practical implications Because SMEs are the key driving of economic development and economic growth, the recommendations from this study could be helpful for the government sector responsible for the competency development of SMEs to offer a development program that might enable entrepreneurial firms to develop social media marketing competencies and enhance their potential to be successful in the digital transformation. Originality/value The authors found new evidence showing that the degree to which social media agility affected business performance depended significantly on the firm characteristics in terms of firm size, as well as the environmental factor in terms of environmental dynamism. These findings provide valuable contributions to the existing literature that still lacks evidence about the moderating conditions that could increase or reduce the benefits that firms obtain from social media agility.
{"title":"Effect of social media agility on performance of small and medium enterprises: moderating roles of firm size and environmental dynamism","authors":"Worachet Onngam, Peerayuth Charoensukmongkol","doi":"10.1108/jeee-11-2022-0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-11-2022-0331","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Despite the increasing numbers of research studies about social media business, the concept of social media agility is still an emerging topic that has been understudied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social media agility on business performance by using a sample of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Moreover, this study explored whether the effect of social media agility on business performance could be moderated by the characteristic of firm in terms of size, as well as the characteristic of market environment in terms of environmental dynamism.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The sample of 337 firms was obtained from the business directory using the simple random sampling method, and the model assessment was performed by using partial least squares structural equation modeling.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The data analysis indicated that social media agility positively affected the business performance of SMEs. Moreover, the moderating effect analysis showed that smaller firms tended to gain higher business performance from social media agility than larger firms. In addition, social media agility positively affected business performance to a greater extent when firms operated under low environmental dynamism than when they operated under high environmental dynamism.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Because SMEs are the key driving of economic development and economic growth, the recommendations from this study could be helpful for the government sector responsible for the competency development of SMEs to offer a development program that might enable entrepreneurial firms to develop social media marketing competencies and enhance their potential to be successful in the digital transformation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The authors found new evidence showing that the degree to which social media agility affected business performance depended significantly on the firm characteristics in terms of firm size, as well as the environmental factor in terms of environmental dynamism. These findings provide valuable contributions to the existing literature that still lacks evidence about the moderating conditions that could increase or reduce the benefits that firms obtain from social media agility.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46779452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1108/jeee-07-2022-0205
Rohit Bhardwaj, Sunali Bindra, Tejasvita Singh, A. Sahay
Purpose The extant literature emphasizes that the perspective of bricolage is significantly augmenting the core of entrepreneurship research, and, per se, it has made considerable contributions to understanding resource mobilization and organizational processes in entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurial bricolage literature lacks a unified and holistic conceptual framework that could represent a coherence of diverse bricolage forms and their related capabilities in entrepreneurship. To address this issue, this study aims to develop a comprehensive typology framework of entrepreneurial bricolage based on the theoretical synthesis of the prior research. Design/methodology/approach By comparing and synthesizing the existing bricolage forms into a holistic and persistent typology, the authors present an integrated framework of 13 bricolage capabilities that contributes to resource acquisition and resource mobilization as well as facilitate the entrepreneurial processes of opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation in firms. Findings The study synthesizes a wide array of research on entrepreneurial bricolage for shaping the resource acquisition and resource mobilization processes in entrepreneurial ventures and presents a typology-based framework for further discussion and research. By mapping the existing research and relevant dimensions into a typology-based entrepreneurial bricolage framework, the study extends and contributes to the current theorizing and conceptual building. Research limitations/implications The study would help practitioners and researchers to recognize bricolage capabilities and the common ties among them, leading to further advances in entrepreneurship theory and practice. Originality/value As the body of knowledge regarding entrepreneurial bricolage has grown, so has the number of its different forms, concepts and constructs. The authors recognize that there is distinctiveness as well as overlaps among diverse forms, concepts and constructs of entrepreneurial bricolage. Further, the authors identify a new bricolage capability that has not until now been positioned in the extant frameworks.
{"title":"Toward a typology of entrepreneurial bricolage and its capabilities","authors":"Rohit Bhardwaj, Sunali Bindra, Tejasvita Singh, A. Sahay","doi":"10.1108/jeee-07-2022-0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-07-2022-0205","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The extant literature emphasizes that the perspective of bricolage is significantly augmenting the core of entrepreneurship research, and, per se, it has made considerable contributions to understanding resource mobilization and organizational processes in entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurial bricolage literature lacks a unified and holistic conceptual framework that could represent a coherence of diverse bricolage forms and their related capabilities in entrepreneurship. To address this issue, this study aims to develop a comprehensive typology framework of entrepreneurial bricolage based on the theoretical synthesis of the prior research.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000By comparing and synthesizing the existing bricolage forms into a holistic and persistent typology, the authors present an integrated framework of 13 bricolage capabilities that contributes to resource acquisition and resource mobilization as well as facilitate the entrepreneurial processes of opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation in firms.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The study synthesizes a wide array of research on entrepreneurial bricolage for shaping the resource acquisition and resource mobilization processes in entrepreneurial ventures and presents a typology-based framework for further discussion and research. By mapping the existing research and relevant dimensions into a typology-based entrepreneurial bricolage framework, the study extends and contributes to the current theorizing and conceptual building.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The study would help practitioners and researchers to recognize bricolage capabilities and the common ties among them, leading to further advances in entrepreneurship theory and practice.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000As the body of knowledge regarding entrepreneurial bricolage has grown, so has the number of its different forms, concepts and constructs. The authors recognize that there is distinctiveness as well as overlaps among diverse forms, concepts and constructs of entrepreneurial bricolage. Further, the authors identify a new bricolage capability that has not until now been positioned in the extant frameworks.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48253436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.1108/jeee-08-2022-0241
Alfred Farrell, J. Ashton, Witness Mapanga, Maureen Joffe, Nombulelo Chitha, M. Beksinska, W. Chitha, Ashraf Coovadia, C. Cutland, Robin L. Drennan, K. Kahn, L. Koekemoer, L. Micklesfield, J. Miot, Julian Naidoo, Maria Papathanasopoulos, W. Sive, J. Smit, S. Tollman, Martin G. Veller, L. Ware, Jeffrey Wing, S. Norris
Purpose This study aims to ascertain the personal characteristics of a group of successful academic entrepreneurs in a South African university enterprise and the prevalent barriers and enablers to their entrepreneurial endeavour. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a Delphi process to identify and rank the characteristics, enablers, barriers and behaviours of entrepreneurial academics, with a Nominal Group Technique applied to establish challenges they encounter managing their enterprise and to propose solutions. Findings Perseverance, resilience and innovation are critical personal characteristics, while collaborative networks, efficient research infrastructure and established research competence are essential for success. The university’s support for entrepreneurship is a significant enabler, with unnecessary bureaucracy and poor access to project and general enterprise funding an impediment. Successful academic entrepreneurs have strong leadership, and effective management and communication skills. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the small study participant group drawn from a single university enterprise, which complicates generalisability. The study supported the use of Krueger’s (2009) entrepreneurial intentions model for low- and middle-income country (LMIC) academic entrepreneur investigation but proposed the inclusion of mitigators to entrepreneurial activation to recognise contextual deficiencies and challenges. Practical implications Skills-deficient LMIC universities should extensively and directly support their entrepreneurial academics to overcome their contextual deficiencies and challenging environment. Originality/value This study contributes to addressing the paucity of academic entrepreneur research in LMIC contexts by identifying LMIC-specific factors that inhibit the entrepreneur’s movement from entrepreneurial intention to entrepreneurial action.
{"title":"Consensus study on factors influencing the academic entrepreneur in a middle-income country’s university enterprise","authors":"Alfred Farrell, J. Ashton, Witness Mapanga, Maureen Joffe, Nombulelo Chitha, M. Beksinska, W. Chitha, Ashraf Coovadia, C. Cutland, Robin L. Drennan, K. Kahn, L. Koekemoer, L. Micklesfield, J. Miot, Julian Naidoo, Maria Papathanasopoulos, W. Sive, J. Smit, S. Tollman, Martin G. Veller, L. Ware, Jeffrey Wing, S. Norris","doi":"10.1108/jeee-08-2022-0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-08-2022-0241","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to ascertain the personal characteristics of a group of successful academic entrepreneurs in a South African university enterprise and the prevalent barriers and enablers to their entrepreneurial endeavour.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors used a Delphi process to identify and rank the characteristics, enablers, barriers and behaviours of entrepreneurial academics, with a Nominal Group Technique applied to establish challenges they encounter managing their enterprise and to propose solutions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Perseverance, resilience and innovation are critical personal characteristics, while collaborative networks, efficient research infrastructure and established research competence are essential for success. The university’s support for entrepreneurship is a significant enabler, with unnecessary bureaucracy and poor access to project and general enterprise funding an impediment. Successful academic entrepreneurs have strong leadership, and effective management and communication skills.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The main limitation is the small study participant group drawn from a single university enterprise, which complicates generalisability. The study supported the use of Krueger’s (2009) entrepreneurial intentions model for low- and middle-income country (LMIC) academic entrepreneur investigation but proposed the inclusion of mitigators to entrepreneurial activation to recognise contextual deficiencies and challenges.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Skills-deficient LMIC universities should extensively and directly support their entrepreneurial academics to overcome their contextual deficiencies and challenging environment.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study contributes to addressing the paucity of academic entrepreneur research in LMIC contexts by identifying LMIC-specific factors that inhibit the entrepreneur’s movement from entrepreneurial intention to entrepreneurial action.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47725684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0028
N. Sobhan, A. Hassan
Purpose Female entrepreneurs have made increasing contributions to entrepreneurial activity and economic development worldwide, especially in emerging economies. It is well acknowledged that Bangladesh is one such South Asian emerging economy with many institutional and sociocultural challenges. This study aims to examine the effect of the institutional environment (formal and informal institutional factors) that influences female entrepreneurs in an emerging country, namely, Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a quantitative research method using a questionnaire. The authors established the conceptual framework reflecting a model so that they could test their assumptions among female entrepreneurs from an institutional perspective. The conceptual framework was empirically tested and validated. Consequently, this study comprised 324 usable survey responses. To analyse the quantitative data, partial least squares-structural equation modelling was used. Findings The findings highlight that social networks, access to finance and non-economic support have negative and insignificant effects on informal female entrepreneurs. Conversely, entrepreneurial attitudes, cultural context, institutional policy, family roles and education were positive and significant and found to be more important for female entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Originality/value The results of this study offer empirical evidence of institutional factors as well as focus on three dimensions, women’s experiences from an institutional perspective, Asian culture and the operation of female entrepreneurial activity in an emerging economy (contextual perspective).
{"title":"The effect of institutional environment on entrepreneurship in emerging economies: female entrepreneurs in Bangladesh","authors":"N. Sobhan, A. Hassan","doi":"10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Female entrepreneurs have made increasing contributions to entrepreneurial activity and economic development worldwide, especially in emerging economies. It is well acknowledged that Bangladesh is one such South Asian emerging economy with many institutional and sociocultural challenges. This study aims to examine the effect of the institutional environment (formal and informal institutional factors) that influences female entrepreneurs in an emerging country, namely, Bangladesh.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors used a quantitative research method using a questionnaire. The authors established the conceptual framework reflecting a model so that they could test their assumptions among female entrepreneurs from an institutional perspective. The conceptual framework was empirically tested and validated. Consequently, this study comprised 324 usable survey responses. To analyse the quantitative data, partial least squares-structural equation modelling was used.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings highlight that social networks, access to finance and non-economic support have negative and insignificant effects on informal female entrepreneurs. Conversely, entrepreneurial attitudes, cultural context, institutional policy, family roles and education were positive and significant and found to be more important for female entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The results of this study offer empirical evidence of institutional factors as well as focus on three dimensions, women’s experiences from an institutional perspective, Asian culture and the operation of female entrepreneurial activity in an emerging economy (contextual perspective).\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48931182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0007
Jacques Yana Mbena, S. Durst, S. Kraus, C. Viala
Purpose To overcome economic hardship and survival, informal entrepreneurs must continually activate specific resilience capabilities and reassess their entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Accordingly, they may develop transformational characteristics to design a model supporting intersectorial business growth. This study aims to examine the EI ecosystem of change resulting from the above endeavors and proposes an entrepreneurial intention transformation model (EITM). Design/methodology/approach Using the EI questionnaire developed by Liñán and Chen, data was collected from street vendors in the main markets of the Cameroonian capital (N = 307) to capture the determinants of behavior reflecting the propensity to activate entrepreneurial events within informal ventures. Findings It was uncovered that perceived collective support, resilience, orientation capability and inferred policies influence the dynamics of EI in the informal sector. Additionally, while revisiting current entrepreneurial lifecycle models, the study distinguished between the entrepreneurial events of “renegare” and formalization. Furthermore, the construction of an informal entrepreneurial lifecycle model confirms the need to acknowledge the formalization and “deformalization” processes as integrative parts of an intersectorial entrepreneurial lifecycle model. Originality/value This study extends existing research by proposing an intersectorial entrepreneurial lifecycle to recognize the dynamics of EI on ventures’ formalization. The EITM encompasses the EI dynamic process model and the proposed entrepreneurial lifecycle.
{"title":"Investigating the impact of the dynamics of entrepreneurial intentions on ventures’ formalization","authors":"Jacques Yana Mbena, S. Durst, S. Kraus, C. Viala","doi":"10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-01-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000To overcome economic hardship and survival, informal entrepreneurs must continually activate specific resilience capabilities and reassess their entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Accordingly, they may develop transformational characteristics to design a model supporting intersectorial business growth. This study aims to examine the EI ecosystem of change resulting from the above endeavors and proposes an entrepreneurial intention transformation model (EITM).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using the EI questionnaire developed by Liñán and Chen, data was collected from street vendors in the main markets of the Cameroonian capital (N = 307) to capture the determinants of behavior reflecting the propensity to activate entrepreneurial events within informal ventures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000It was uncovered that perceived collective support, resilience, orientation capability and inferred policies influence the dynamics of EI in the informal sector. Additionally, while revisiting current entrepreneurial lifecycle models, the study distinguished between the entrepreneurial events of “renegare” and formalization. Furthermore, the construction of an informal entrepreneurial lifecycle model confirms the need to acknowledge the formalization and “deformalization” processes as integrative parts of an intersectorial entrepreneurial lifecycle model.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study extends existing research by proposing an intersectorial entrepreneurial lifecycle to recognize the dynamics of EI on ventures’ formalization. The EITM encompasses the EI dynamic process model and the proposed entrepreneurial lifecycle.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47862208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1108/jeee-10-2022-0315
E. Maltz, R. Walker, Razhan Omar Muhammad, J. Joseph
Purpose This study aims to uses biosocial gender theory to describe successful entrepreneurial behavior in conflict zones. Specifically, the authors investigate how the reliance on agentic (assertive, individual focused) behavior and communal (facilitative and friendly) behavior lead to differential outcomes depending on the physical gender of the entrepreneur exhibiting the behavior. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a conceptual framework based on extant literature. To test the framework, the authors gathered survey data from Iraqi-Kurdish entrepreneurs who have been living in a state of war since the late 1980s and use a novel analytical method to deal with the limitations inherent in gathering survey data in conflict zones. Qualitative data is presented to generate a better understanding of the survey results. Findings The findings indicate females who are successful in taking on the traditional male role of entrepreneur in conflict zones engage in lower levels of agentic behavior compared to their male counterparts. Successful entrepreneurs (male and female) rely extensively on communal behavior in their ventures. When it comes to community development, male entrepreneurs engaging in agentic behavior, seem to mentor aspiring entrepreneurs more than females. Females relying on communal behavior engage in more mentoring of aspiring entrepreneurs than males. Originality/value An understanding of the unique gender dynamics underlying entrepreneurial behavior in conflict zones remains incomplete. The study introduces evidence that gender differences, as well as social factors, combine with the unique characteristics of conflict zones resulting in different behavioral paths to entrepreneurial success. The analytical method introduces some statistical tools to scholars attempting to understand the unique conflict zone context. As such, the study provides guidance for scholars working in this context, as well as NGO’s and other institutions seeking to train entrepreneurs and improve economic conditions in conflict zones.
{"title":"A biosocial gender analysis of entrepreneurial behaviors in conflict zones: evidence from Iraqi-Kurdistan","authors":"E. Maltz, R. Walker, Razhan Omar Muhammad, J. Joseph","doi":"10.1108/jeee-10-2022-0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-10-2022-0315","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to uses biosocial gender theory to describe successful entrepreneurial behavior in conflict zones. Specifically, the authors investigate how the reliance on agentic (assertive, individual focused) behavior and communal (facilitative and friendly) behavior lead to differential outcomes depending on the physical gender of the entrepreneur exhibiting the behavior.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors developed a conceptual framework based on extant literature. To test the framework, the authors gathered survey data from Iraqi-Kurdish entrepreneurs who have been living in a state of war since the late 1980s and use a novel analytical method to deal with the limitations inherent in gathering survey data in conflict zones. Qualitative data is presented to generate a better understanding of the survey results.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings indicate females who are successful in taking on the traditional male role of entrepreneur in conflict zones engage in lower levels of agentic behavior compared to their male counterparts. Successful entrepreneurs (male and female) rely extensively on communal behavior in their ventures. When it comes to community development, male entrepreneurs engaging in agentic behavior, seem to mentor aspiring entrepreneurs more than females. Females relying on communal behavior engage in more mentoring of aspiring entrepreneurs than males.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000An understanding of the unique gender dynamics underlying entrepreneurial behavior in conflict zones remains incomplete. The study introduces evidence that gender differences, as well as social factors, combine with the unique characteristics of conflict zones resulting in different behavioral paths to entrepreneurial success. The analytical method introduces some statistical tools to scholars attempting to understand the unique conflict zone context. As such, the study provides guidance for scholars working in this context, as well as NGO’s and other institutions seeking to train entrepreneurs and improve economic conditions in conflict zones.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42207704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1108/jeee-09-2022-0265
Palaniappan Sellappan, K. Shanmugam
Purpose Environmental dynamics affect all sectors, and retailing is no exception. Scholarships reveal that, in such turbulent times, entrepreneurial characteristics are essential for business. In academic research, entrepreneurial characteristics like entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and entrepreneurial competence (EC) are seldom evaluated for retailers. This study aims to decode the impact of small retailers’ EO and EC on firm business performance (BP). It also traces the mediation effect of EC in the relationship between EO and BP. Design/methodology/approach The study executed among 740 small retailers is a pioneering work to trace EO’s efficacy via EC on the retailer’s BP. The present research is a primal work in the Indian context. This work redesigns the EC scale to suit the retail context and evaluate its mediation role in the EO and BP relationship. Findings Examining the mediation model through structural equation modelling (SEM) adds empirical evidence to entrepreneurial value creation (EVC) theory and throws light on the indispensable qualities required for small business retailers. The outcomes of the SEM model portray that there is an association between the EO, EC and BP. Research limitations/implications This study, though carried out methodically, it is constrained by the ensuing intricacies. The investigation was limited to the small- and medium-retailers engaged in retailing with a floor space from 500 to 5,000 square feet. All three constructs used in the study are measured using the self-reported perceptual scale, which infuses the subjectivity in the data. Exploring the EO and EC of widely dispersed retailers, examining the entrepreneurial character of large-format independent retailers and evaluating financial performance measures through retailers will add value to the study in future. Originality/value The study verified the central role of EC in the intangible resource-reward relationship. Among the five pillars of EVC theory, the role of intention and external finance are not considered in this work. The present work explored the EO and EC of existing retailers, and hence intention is excluded. The study concentrates on small retailers, and the role of external financing is not explored. Mishra and Zachary (2014b) opined that the EVC process should be studied in different context and listed out several prepositions. Considering the role of intention and external financing and studying several prepositions spelt out in the theory in varying contexts will throw more lights on the EVC process.
{"title":"Demystifying the essentials of entrepreneurial orientation and competence for small retailers: evidence from India","authors":"Palaniappan Sellappan, K. Shanmugam","doi":"10.1108/jeee-09-2022-0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-09-2022-0265","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Environmental dynamics affect all sectors, and retailing is no exception. Scholarships reveal that, in such turbulent times, entrepreneurial characteristics are essential for business. In academic research, entrepreneurial characteristics like entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and entrepreneurial competence (EC) are seldom evaluated for retailers. This study aims to decode the impact of small retailers’ EO and EC on firm business performance (BP). It also traces the mediation effect of EC in the relationship between EO and BP.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The study executed among 740 small retailers is a pioneering work to trace EO’s efficacy via EC on the retailer’s BP. The present research is a primal work in the Indian context. This work redesigns the EC scale to suit the retail context and evaluate its mediation role in the EO and BP relationship.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Examining the mediation model through structural equation modelling (SEM) adds empirical evidence to entrepreneurial value creation (EVC) theory and throws light on the indispensable qualities required for small business retailers. The outcomes of the SEM model portray that there is an association between the EO, EC and BP.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This study, though carried out methodically, it is constrained by the ensuing intricacies. The investigation was limited to the small- and medium-retailers engaged in retailing with a floor space from 500 to 5,000 square feet. All three constructs used in the study are measured using the self-reported perceptual scale, which infuses the subjectivity in the data. Exploring the EO and EC of widely dispersed retailers, examining the entrepreneurial character of large-format independent retailers and evaluating financial performance measures through retailers will add value to the study in future.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The study verified the central role of EC in the intangible resource-reward relationship. Among the five pillars of EVC theory, the role of intention and external finance are not considered in this work. The present work explored the EO and EC of existing retailers, and hence intention is excluded. The study concentrates on small retailers, and the role of external financing is not explored. Mishra and Zachary (2014b) opined that the EVC process should be studied in different context and listed out several prepositions. Considering the role of intention and external financing and studying several prepositions spelt out in the theory in varying contexts will throw more lights on the EVC process.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43662785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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