AIMS Public Health最新文献

Background: Post COVID-19, almost 50% of nurses reported severe depression, and over 30% moderate to severe anxiety. Nurses from minority racial and ethnic backgrounds, including Filipino nurses, accounted for more than 54% of COVID-related deaths, despite comprising only 24.1% of the nursing workforce. Filipino nurses, making up only 1% of the U.S. population, comprise 4.5 % of the nursing workforce and face significant barriers to seeking mental health services, including stigma, a sense of shame, and adherence to cultural values that view mental illness as unacceptable.

Aim: To assess the impact of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) certification among Filipino nurses to increase behaviors of help-seeking, self-care, and self-awareness of health changes.

Method: A quantitative, quasi-experimental pre- and post-survey design was employed.

Results: There was a significant increase in personal help-seeking behaviors, self-awareness of health changes, and self-connection among Filipino nurses (n = 52) post MHFA certification.

Conclusions: MHFA certification for Filipino nurses successfully increased the nurses' ability to seek help, improved awareness of personal health, and improved self-care behaviors.

Nurses are highly vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). This study evaluated the effects of a participatory ergonomic intervention on WMSD, sick absenteeism, and work performance among ward nurses. A multicomponent ergonomic training module, comprising educational ergonomics, health promotional activities, workstation adjustment, use of patient-assisted devices, and progressive muscle relaxation techniques, was developed based on a systematic review, focus group discussion, and discussion with ergonomic experts. A cluster quasi-experimental design was conducted, with nurses allocated into intervention (n = 45) and control (n = 30) groups, and follow-up across baseline, first, third-, and sixth-months post-intervention. The outcomes were assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal and Health and Work Performance Questionnaires. The intervention module was effective in reducing self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among nurses across time, particularly neck pain [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.87], low back pain (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.97), and shoulder pain (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.17-0.88). However, the effects on relative absenteeism and relative presenteeism were only observed following adjusted analyses. While the ergonomic intervention was effective in reducing specific WMSDs among ward nurses, more research is required to delineate its potential application as a long-term strategy for addressing sick absenteeism and work performance.

Background: Preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are significant contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Vitamin D might play a role in the pregnancy complication prevention. However, findings across studies remain inconsistent. In this review, we aimed to evaluate vitamin D deficiency effect on preeclampsia and GDM risks, and the effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in reducing preeclampsia and GDM incidences.

Methods: We followed the PRISMA guidelines and registered the protocol with PROSPERO (CRD42024609276). Database PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO-Medline were used to search cohort and randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published between 1993 and 2025. Two reviewers independently assessed the article quality with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and extracted data. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4. The results were reported in pooled odds ratios (OR) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: A total of 52,372 participants from 24 studies were included in this review. Vitamin D supplementation appeared to reduce the preeclampsia risk by 42% (OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.43-0.78; I² = 45%) and GDM by 45% (OR = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.36-0.87; I² = 0%) in RCTs. Vitamin D supplementation is most effective in reducing the risk of recurrent preeclampsia in women with vitamin D deficiency. In cohort studies, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher risk of GDM (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.43; I² = 7%), but was not significantly associated with preeclampsia (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 0.92 to 3.01; I² = 85%).

Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, decreased preeclampsia and GDM risks, while vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy increased GDM risk but not preeclampsia. These findings support the potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation in the routine antenatal care to improve pregnancy outcomes.

As a non-pharmacological approach, Intermittent Fasting (IF) exhibits the capacity to boost health and counteract chronic diseases by regulating the metabolism, strengthening the cellular resistance to stress, and reshaping the immune microenvironment. The rapid progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has greatly advanced our comprehension of IF's diverse health benefits. This review outlines AI's role in enhancing the exploration of IF's function in governing systemic health, clarifies the association between IF and health outcomes, and specifies AI's function in analyzing IF's impacts, which cover metabolic processes, cellular stress responses, disease prevention, and the development of personalized dietary strategies. By leveraging AI to integrate various omics datasets, the mechanisms through which IF prevents chronic diseases can be uncovered. This review discusses the challenges that AI faces in researching diet-related health mechanisms and presents an outlook on future developments. AI offers innovative methods to investigate IF's effects on chronic disease prevention, which could lay the foundation for more efficient strategies to support healthier and longer lifespans.

Our study aimed to evaluate the association between problematic social media use and mental health. Additionally, we examined sex and generation differences. We performed a cross-sectional study in Greece using a convenience sample. Participants were divided into three generational cohorts: Generation Z (born 1997-2012), Millennials (born 1981-1996), and Generation X (born 1965-1980). To evaluate problematic social media use, we employed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and the sleep quality was assessed with the Sleep Quality Scale. We developed multivariable linear regression models to control for confounding variables. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between problematic social media use and anxiety, which was unaffected by sex or generation. Additionally, a positive link was found between problematic social media use and depression, with a stronger association observed in Generation Z and Millennials. Moreover, our multivariable models indicated a negative relationship between problematic social media use and sleep quality, which was more pronounced among males and Millennials. In summary, our results underscore the link between problematic social media use and mental health issues. Policymakers, stakeholders, and healthcare professionals should devise and implement suitable interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of problematic social media use.

Background and objectives: Obesity has emerged as a major public health concern in Saudi Arabia, driven by rapid lifestyle transitions and dietary changes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of obesity among adults in the Aseer region.

Methods and study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 adults residing in the Aseer region. Data was collected through an online self-administered questionnaire, including sociodemographic factors, dietary intake, and lifestyle habits. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to examine associations with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²).

Results: Among participants, 25.3% were obese, and 48.1% were overweight. Obesity was significantly associated with female gender (73.4% of the obese group), age ≥ 36 years, and marital status (p < 0.05). Frequent consumption of sugary foods and physical inactivity also emerged as significant predictors. Logistic regression revealed female gender, being single, and a lack of physical activity as independent predictors of obesity (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Obesity prevalence in Aseer is substantial, particularly among women and older adults. Tailored interventions that promote physical activity should be prioritized, and although frequent sugary food intake was associated with obesity in bivariate analysis, this relationship did not remain statistically significant in the multivariate model and should therefore be interpreted with caution.

Background: In Indonesia, with a total population of 278.7 million, it was recorded that almost half the population were social media users (49.9%) in 2024. Studies from various sources report that passive and excessive use of social media, especially in the student age category, is a trigger for Social Media Disorder (SMD). However, research examining the socio-cultural factors of SMD is lacking, especially in the Indonesian context. Thus, in this study, we aimed to explore the phenomenon of SMD to reveal the social and cultural aspects among college students.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative case study, and data were obtained using semi-structured online interviews conducted in April-June 2025. A total of 12 informants (Code: I 1-12) aged 18-22 years scored 5-9 using the SMD scale from 12 faculties at the Universitas Indonesia. The data was collected through semi-structured online interviews. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: All participants had accounts on WhatsApp, LINE, Instagram, TikTok, X (formerly Twitter), and YouTube. Nine common subthemes were identified across participants: (1) 'Duration of social media use', (2) 'The second accounts of Instagram', (3) 'Each social media has different motivation uses', (4) 'Passive activity on social media', (5) 'Importance of peer groups', (6) 'Lack of openness toward parents', (7) 'Collective efficacy gives courage to speak up', (8) 'Social etiquette is a must', and (9) 'The shifting of cultural value during social media use'.

Conclusion: Social media use among students was deeply embedded in their academic routines, emotional coping strategies, and social navigation. Ultimately, addressing SMD requires a shift from simplistic models of addiction toward a more nuanced understanding that integrates cultural context, peer dynamics, and emotional well-being.

Malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia are critical health challenges among hospitalized older adults, contributing to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and higher mortality risks. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition risk in older inpatients at Military Hospital 354, Hanoi, Vietnam, from January-June 2025. A total of 264 patients aged 65 and older were recruited from geriatric, internal medicine, and rehabilitation wards. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as serum albumin levels <35 g/L, and malnutrition risk was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF; score < 12). Data on demographic (age, sex, education, cohabitation) and clinical/biochemical factors (primary diagnosis, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, zinc, ferritin) were collected within 48 hours of admission. The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia was 33.0%, and 73.5% of patients were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Multivariable logistic regression identified older age (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18) and male sex (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.14-4.17) as significant factors associated with malnutrition risk, while female sex was protective for both hypoalbuminemia (AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27-0.86) and malnutrition risk (AOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.88). Higher lymphocyte counts were associated with hypoalbuminemia (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00-1.53). Spearman's correlations revealed strong positive associations between zinc and ferritin (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) and negative correlations of age with zinc (r = -0.43) and ferritin (r = -0.33). These findings highlight the high burden of nutritional deficits in Vietnam's older inpatients and underscore the need for routine MNA-SF and albumin screening to guide early interventions, particularly targeting micronutrient deficiencies in resource-constrained settings.