AIMS Public Health最新文献

Introduction: High workloads among nurses affect critical workplace outcomes, such as turnover intention, job burnout, and job satisfaction. However, there are no studies that measure the relationships between workload and these variables in the post-COVID-19 era.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of workload on quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of nurses in Greece. The NASA task load index was used to measure workloads among nurses. Also, we used valid scales to measure quiet quitting (quiet quitting scale), job burnout (single item burnout measure), and turnover intention (a six-point Likert scale).

Results: The mean workload score was 80.7, indicating high workloads in our sample. Moreover, most of the nurses belonged to the group of quiet quitters (74.3%). About half of the nurses reported a high level of turnover intention (50.2%). After controlling for confounders, data analysis showed that higher workloads were associated with higher levels of quiet quitting [beta = 0.009, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.006 to 0.012, p-value < 0.001], turnover intention (odds ratio = 1.046, 95% CI = 1.035 to 1.056, p-value < 0.001), and job burnout (beta = 0.072, 95% CI = 0.065 to 0.079, p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion: We found that workload was associated with quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout in nurses. Thus, appropriate interventions should be applied to reduce nursing workloads to improve productivity and the healthcare provided to patients.

Background: Smoking cessation presents challenges influenced by neurological adaptations and psychological factors, potentially exacerbated by susceptibility to boredom and affective temperaments.

Methods: This study enrolled 409 participants via an online survey distributed among the Italian population through mailing lists, social networks, and messaging apps. Specific questions assessed cigarette smoking, while the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego (TEMPS-A) and Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS) explored affective temperaments and susceptibility to boredom, respectively.

Results: Results indicated smokers exhibited higher cyclothymic temperament scores compared to no-smokers and ex-smokers, suggesting a connection between this temperament and smoking behavior. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated variable influences of specific temperaments on boredom proneness.

Conclusions: These findings emphasize the significance of incorporating affective temperaments and boredom proneness into smoking cessation interventions. Understanding the interplay between affective temperaments and boredom proneness can guide the development of innovative and personalized cessation strategies. Further research is warranted to delve deeper into these relationships and their implications for intervention approaches.

Nowadays, the consumption of energy drinks (ED) is increasing exponentially in Western society. This has been widely associated with physical (arrhythmias, headaches, etc.), psychological (anxiety, depression, etc.), and social issues (risky behaviors such as excessive alcohol consumption, etc.). The present study aimed to investigate the consumption habits of energy drinks (ED) among adolescents and young adults in the Spanish population and their attitudes toward these drinks, as well as the factors influencing their consumption. A cross-sectional descriptive study based on a voluntary online questionnaire was conducted with a sample of 387 participants. Amongst participants, 38.8% consumed ED, and the youngest (14-18 years old) in this group were the most likely to mix them with alcohol and the least likely to consider them harmful (32.1%, p < 0.001; and 8.9%, p < 0.002, respectively). Male respondents and people who vaped were more likely to consume ED (OR = 2.94, CI = 1.76-4.93, p < 0.001; and OR = 3.18, CI = 1.91-8.00, p < 0.001, respectively). Social and healthcare policies should be proposed in order to reduce the consumption of ED, particularly among young people, provided that it is associated with other risky behaviors and the occurrence of adverse events.

Objective: The transition of COVID-19 into the endemic phase in China has posed additional challenges to medical student's well-being, and increased the odds of mental distress. Although affective temperament traits and adult attachment styles accompany crisis-induced stress, whether this applies to medical students in the endemic phase has yet to be determined. The aim of present study is to test if temperament traits and adult attachment style can predict stress in Chinese medical students.

Methods: Medical students (N = 402) enrolled in the undergraduate medical program at the Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China completed an online survey in May 2022. Most participants were female (62.4%), with a mean age of (21.3 ± 3.1). The individual temperament traits and adult attachment styles were assessed using the Chinese version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-auto-questionnaire short version (TEMPS-A), and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ).

Results: The participants showed significant distress as assessed with the K10: 19 (15-24) (median, Q1, Q3). Furthermore, a multiple linear regression analysis indicated that cyclothymic (β = 2.1, p = 0.048) and depressive (β = 1.2, p = 0.001) temperament traits and an insecure attachment (ASQ-anxious: β = 0.19, p = 0.006; ASQ-avoidant: β = 0.07, p < 0.001) predicted pandemic-related distress.

Conclusions: Dimensions of both affective temperaments and attachment styles were associated with stress in the medical students during the transition to the endemic phase. The investigations of these psychological variables provided new information regarding risk factors for endemic-related distress, and pointed to potential targets for counseling and developing programs to support the medical students' mental health.

Victimization in the United States is common and has long lasting negative impacts for individuals, often disproportionately impacting those of color and from low socioeconomic communities. The Trauma Recovery Center (TRC) model aims to provide comprehensive mental health and wrap-around case management services for underserved victims of crime. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we sought to further our knowledge about the impact of the TRC model. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were based at three sites. Access to treatment ranged from 55.7% to 72.3%; treatment completion rates ranged from 40.4% to 43.0%. Individuals who completed mental health services showed improvement in PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms, while experiencing lower rates of injury recidivism. Several studies demonstrated improvement in mental health symptoms and social needs in individuals from underserved communities. Researchers should focus on expanding and diversifying upon current knowledge to better understand the impact of the TRC model.

Context and purpose: Persons enduring serious mental illness (SMI) and living in supported housing facilities often receive inadequate care, which can negatively impact their health outcomes. To address these challenges, it is crucial to prioritize interventions that promote personal recovery and address the unique needs of this group. When developing effective, equitable, and relevant interventions, it is essential to consider the experiences of persons with an SMI. By incorporating their perspectives, we can enhance the understanding, and thereby, the design and implementation of activity- and recovery-oriented interventions that promote health, quality of life, and social connectedness in this vulnerable population. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the stories of participants partaking in Everyday Life Rehabilitation and how they make sense of their engagements in everyday life activities and their recovery processes.

Methods: Applying a narrative analysis, this study explores the stories of seven individuals with an SMI residing in Swedish supported housing facilities, participating in the Everyday Life Rehabilitation (ELR) program during six months, and how they retrospectively make meaning of their engagement in everyday life activities and recovery processes.

Findings: The participants' stories about their rehabilitation and personal recovery pathways elucidate how the inherent power of the activity, as well as the support the participants received to get started and succeed, had a significant impact on their self-identity, confidence, motivation, mattering, life prospects, and vitality. The participants valued the transparent steps along the process, weekly meetings, the signals, beliefs, and feedback communicated throughout, and the persistent, adaptive, and yet supporting approach in their personal progress.

Significance: This study underscores the need for interventions that prioritize meaningful activities and are sensitive to the complexity of the personal recovery process, especially in supported housing facilities. Future research should further explore effective strategies and mechanisms to promote personal recovery and to reduce the stigma associated with SMI.

Background: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are very common among healthcare workers (HCWs) and could impact the quality of care.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of these disorders in a public health company and their association with work ability and work-related stress.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 80 HCWs being treated for mental disorders (MD), 55 HCWs who said they suffered from MD but were not being treated, and 824 healthy colleagues. All workers completed the Work Ability Index (WAI), the Siegrist's Effort/Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI), the Goldberg's scales of anxiety and depression (GADS), and the Warr's scale of job satisfaction.

Results: Three-quarters of workers with MD suffered from anxiety and/or depression. Workers who declared at the periodic medical examination in the workplace that they were being treated for MD had significantly lower levels of work ability than those of their colleagues who declared good mental health. They also reported greater work stress (high effort, low rewards, high overcommitment) and lower job satisfaction than their healthy colleagues. Symptomatic but untreated workers reported significantly lower work ability, lower satisfaction, and greater occupational stress than their healthy colleagues. In the entire sample, there were many workers with symptoms of anxiety or depression who did not declare these disorders during the examination. Overall, there were 328 suspected cases of anxiety (34.2%) and 334 cases of depression (34.8%). Anxious workers [OR = 8.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.74-17.58] and depressed workers (OR = 4.49, 95% CI = 2.22-9.10) had an increased risk of being classified as having "poor work ability".

Conclusion: The negative association between psychological symptoms and work ability even in undiagnosed/untreated workers demonstrates the usefulness of screening for these symptoms in work environments.

Background: The Family Income-to-Poverty-Ratio (FIPR) is a recognized indicator of socioeconomic status, and influences a wide range of health and behavioral outcomes. Yet, marginalized and racialized groups, particularly Black individuals, may not reap comparable health benefits from their socioeconomic advancements as their non-Hispanic, White counterparts. This discrepancy is indicative of a phenomenon known as the minorities' diminished returns.

Aims: This study investigates the differential impact of the FIPR on depression, obesity, tobacco use, and e-cigarette use between Black and White adults.

Methods: Using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which included 21,354 non-Hispanic adults from both White and Black racial groups, this research employed structural equation modeling to assess the relationship between the FIPR and health outcomes, including depression, obesity, and e-cigarette use.

Results: The analysis identified significant interactions between FIPR and race across all the examined outcomes. Contrary to expectations, the findings suggest that the protective effects of higher income levels on health and healthy behaviors are less pronounced for Black individuals compared to White individuals.

Conclusion: The study underscores the substantial societal and environmental barriers that hinder Black families and individuals from converting their FIPR and socioeconomic resources into concrete health benefits, such as an enhanced mental and physical well-being. To redress these racial health disparities, targeted interventions are crucial, particularly those that focus on bridging the employment and marriage rate gaps caused by educational disparities among Black communities. A comprehensive approach that extends beyond simple access to education is imperative to eliminate the societal obstacles that limit the socioeconomic benefits for Black populations.

Background: There is an absence of valid and specific psychometric tools to assess TikTok addiction. Considering that the use of TikTok is increasing rapidly and the fact that TikTok addiction may be a different form of social media addiction, there is an urge for a valid tool to measure TikTok addiction.

Objective: To develop and validate a tool to measure TikTok addiction.

Methods: First, we performed an extensive literature review to create a pool of items to measure TikTok addiction. Then, we employed a panel of experts from different backgrounds to examine the content validity of the initial set of items. We examined face validity by performing cognitive interviews with TikTok users and calculating the item-level face validity index. Our study population included 429 adults who have been TikTok users for at least the last 12 months. We employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the construct validity of the TikTok Addiction Scale (TTAS). We examined the concurrent validity by using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). We used Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's Omega, Cohen's kappa, and intraclass correlation coefficient to examine reliability.

Results: We found that the TTAS is a six-factor 15-item scale with robust psychometric properties. Factor analysis revealed a six-factor structure, (1) salience, (2) mood modification, (3) tolerance, (4) withdrawal symptoms, (5) conflict, and (6) relapse, which accounted for 80.70% of the total variance. The concurrent validity of the TTAS was excellent since we found significant correlations between TTAS and BSMAS, PHQ-4, and BFI-10. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega for the TTAS were 0.911 and 0.914, respectively.

Conclusion: The TTAS appears to be a short, easy-to-use, and valid scale to measure TikTok addiction. Considering the limitations of our study, we recommend the translation and validation of the TTAS in other languages and populations to further examine the validity of the scale.

Background: Violence against healthcare workers in psychiatric settings is a concern in the literature. Violence effects for healthcare professionals and organizations include an absence from work due to injury or illness, a decreased job satisfaction, and a lower quality of work. The aim of this study is to identify the consequences of violence on the health, work habits, and performance of nurses working with psychiatric patients.

Methods: The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 18 nurses from different hospitals and territorial psychiatric settings in Southern Italy. The interviews were conducted from July to December 2020 by telephone and were recorded with the consent of the participants. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed.

Results: The narratives revealed five main themes: (1) Feelings about the violence experienced; (2) the effects of violent incidents on nurses; (3) features of the mental health setting related to the phenomenon of the assault; (4) the care and organizational aspects to prevent the assault; and (5) the care in psychiatric settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggressions resulted in a change in the nurses' work habits and performances; they were more careful after the aggression and modified their approach to the patient. Additionally, the nurses discussed developing skills and strategies to protect themselves and avoid aggression.

Conclusions: Aggression has a negative impact on the health and work performance of nurses. Adopting personal and nursing strategies in place to prevent aggression allows them to improve the patient care and to protect themselves from such incidents. The creation of a safer work environment by healthcare organizations in which professionals work can improve their health, job performance, and the effectiveness of psychiatric nursing care.