Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2024.a921349
Avraham (Avi) Siluk
Abstract: Or le-‘et ‘erev was the most popular missionary pamphlet printed by the Pietist Institutum Judaicum et Muhammedicum in Halle (Saale). This Yiddish booklet garnered much attention among Jews and Christians alike, and it was translated into several languages, including Dutch. One Dutch translation was penned by a Jewish convert who later reverted to Judaism and faced various accusations relating to his translation. This article focuses on that Dutch translation and the largely unknown personality of its author. The translation and its accompanying paratexts are compared with another eighteenth-century Dutch translation of the same pamphlet, thus shedding light on the translation techniques used, as well as the nature of the work and its intended audience. The translator’s multiple identities appear in a diverse corpus of documents under several aliases. In his largely unknown Hebrew apologia, Or le-‘et boker , which demonstrates a profound knowledge of Judaism as well as remarkable literary skills, he rewrote the story of his reconversion as a tale of repentance and redemption. Despite the idiosyncrasy of this fascinating life story, which transitions between Christianity and Judaism, the translator should be viewed as belonging to a larger group of less-known eighteenth-century Jewish authors and reformers. The members of this group sought to improve piety and religious education among their coreligionists and shared eighteenth-century Christian pietist notions of religiosity.
{"title":"From Dusk till Dawn: The Transformation and Conversion of the Pietist Missionary Treatise Or le-‘et ‘erev ( The Light at Evening Time ) and Its Dutch Translator","authors":"Avraham (Avi) Siluk","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2024.a921349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2024.a921349","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Or le-‘et ‘erev was the most popular missionary pamphlet printed by the Pietist Institutum Judaicum et Muhammedicum in Halle (Saale). This Yiddish booklet garnered much attention among Jews and Christians alike, and it was translated into several languages, including Dutch. One Dutch translation was penned by a Jewish convert who later reverted to Judaism and faced various accusations relating to his translation. This article focuses on that Dutch translation and the largely unknown personality of its author. The translation and its accompanying paratexts are compared with another eighteenth-century Dutch translation of the same pamphlet, thus shedding light on the translation techniques used, as well as the nature of the work and its intended audience. The translator’s multiple identities appear in a diverse corpus of documents under several aliases. In his largely unknown Hebrew apologia, Or le-‘et boker , which demonstrates a profound knowledge of Judaism as well as remarkable literary skills, he rewrote the story of his reconversion as a tale of repentance and redemption. Despite the idiosyncrasy of this fascinating life story, which transitions between Christianity and Judaism, the translator should be viewed as belonging to a larger group of less-known eighteenth-century Jewish authors and reformers. The members of this group sought to improve piety and religious education among their coreligionists and shared eighteenth-century Christian pietist notions of religiosity.","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2024.a921351
Caroline Kahlenberg
Abstract: This essay explores Palestinian Arab knowledge production on Zionism. It focuses on the life of Ribhi Kamal (1912–79), a Palestinian scholar of Semitic languages who grew up in Jerusalem and excelled in modern Hebrew. During the 1948 War, Kamal was exiled to Damascus, where he repurposed his expertise in the service of the Syrian state. Kamal became the host of Radio Damascus’s Hebrew-language broadcast, a propaganda program that called on Jewish Israelis to resist Zionism and return to their “true” home countries. Kamal’s biography and work on Radio Damascus raise several broader questions. What led Arab intellectuals to study Hebrew in the early twentieth century? How did Palestinians employ their pre-1948 knowledge of Hebrew and Zionism in the service of post-1948 Arab governments? And how did Arab governments use radio as a tool of anticolonial propaganda?
{"title":"The Predicament of a Palestinian Hebraist, 1912–1979","authors":"Caroline Kahlenberg","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2024.a921351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2024.a921351","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This essay explores Palestinian Arab knowledge production on Zionism. It focuses on the life of Ribhi Kamal (1912–79), a Palestinian scholar of Semitic languages who grew up in Jerusalem and excelled in modern Hebrew. During the 1948 War, Kamal was exiled to Damascus, where he repurposed his expertise in the service of the Syrian state. Kamal became the host of Radio Damascus’s Hebrew-language broadcast, a propaganda program that called on Jewish Israelis to resist Zionism and return to their “true” home countries. Kamal’s biography and work on Radio Damascus raise several broader questions. What led Arab intellectuals to study Hebrew in the early twentieth century? How did Palestinians employ their pre-1948 knowledge of Hebrew and Zionism in the service of post-1948 Arab governments? And how did Arab governments use radio as a tool of anticolonial propaganda?","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2024.a921347
Ayal Hayut-man
Abstract: Jewish thinkers in the Middle Ages have developed various approaches to account for the existence of unresolved controversies in the Mishnah and Talmud: a question that touches on fundamental issues, from the nature of truth to the ways to deal with religious and political dissent within Jewish societies. This article presents a seldom-studied approach to controversy that appears in the Tikune Zohar literature, a collection of kabbalistic compositions dated to the early fourteenth century. The product of a secondary elite, and connected with the influential zoharic movement in kabbalah, these texts present a unique approach to the question of halakhic controversy. The Tikunim ’s approach distinguishes three types of controversy: “lower,” evil controversies that are driven by pride and resentment; “middle” controversies that adorn and protect the divine; and “higher” controversies, where the disputants participate in the sexual dynamic of the sefirot, the divine emanations. These types of controversy are arranged metaphysically and are distinguished not by content but by the disposition of the disputants. The higher type of controversy is depicted as existing even in the ideal, messianic state of the Torah and must remain unresolved, for to resolve it would mean to collapse the godhead itself. The Tikunim ’s unique model of halakhic controversy can also be viewed as part of a larger trend in kabbalah at the turn of the thirteenth century to organize and harmonize various Jewish approaches according to a new (kabbalistic) key.
{"title":"“In Love and War”: The Question of Halakhic Controversy in the Tikune Zohar Literature","authors":"Ayal Hayut-man","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2024.a921347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2024.a921347","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Jewish thinkers in the Middle Ages have developed various approaches to account for the existence of unresolved controversies in the Mishnah and Talmud: a question that touches on fundamental issues, from the nature of truth to the ways to deal with religious and political dissent within Jewish societies. This article presents a seldom-studied approach to controversy that appears in the Tikune Zohar literature, a collection of kabbalistic compositions dated to the early fourteenth century. The product of a secondary elite, and connected with the influential zoharic movement in kabbalah, these texts present a unique approach to the question of halakhic controversy. The Tikunim ’s approach distinguishes three types of controversy: “lower,” evil controversies that are driven by pride and resentment; “middle” controversies that adorn and protect the divine; and “higher” controversies, where the disputants participate in the sexual dynamic of the sefirot, the divine emanations. These types of controversy are arranged metaphysically and are distinguished not by content but by the disposition of the disputants. The higher type of controversy is depicted as existing even in the ideal, messianic state of the Torah and must remain unresolved, for to resolve it would mean to collapse the godhead itself. The Tikunim ’s unique model of halakhic controversy can also be viewed as part of a larger trend in kabbalah at the turn of the thirteenth century to organize and harmonize various Jewish approaches according to a new (kabbalistic) key.","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140527221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2024.a921348
Leore Sachs-Shmueli, Roee Goldschmidt
Abstract: This article presents a first attempt to classify and present a group of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Hasidic texts as belonging to a specific literary genre: rationales for the commandments. In this category we include Sefer Toldot Ya‘akov Yosef , by Ya‘akov Yosef of Pollonye; Sefer derekh pikudekhah , by Tsvi Elimelekh of Dinov; Sefer otsar ha-@hayim , by Yits@hak Eizik Ye@hiel Safrin; Likute halakhot , by Nathan Sternharts of Nemirov; Derekh mitsvotekhah , by Menachem Mendel Schneerson; and, finally, Sefer be’erat Miriam , by Avraham Abele Kanarfogel. We survey the works broadly and relate them to one defined literary genre. In so doing, we offer a new framework for a scholarly discussion of the Hasidic occupation with nomos and kabbalah. We demonstrate how Hasidic works discussing rationales for the commandments simultaneously employ halakhic and kabbalistic perspectives, emphasizing the punctiliousness in their fulfilment, their theurgic efficacy, and personal-spiritual completeness.
{"title":"Hasidic Literature Concerning Rationales for the Commandments: Hasidism and Kabbalah in Their Cultural Context","authors":"Leore Sachs-Shmueli, Roee Goldschmidt","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2024.a921348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2024.a921348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article presents a first attempt to classify and present a group of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Hasidic texts as belonging to a specific literary genre: rationales for the commandments. In this category we include Sefer Toldot Ya‘akov Yosef , by Ya‘akov Yosef of Pollonye; Sefer derekh pikudekhah , by Tsvi Elimelekh of Dinov; Sefer otsar ha-@hayim , by Yits@hak Eizik Ye@hiel Safrin; Likute halakhot , by Nathan Sternharts of Nemirov; Derekh mitsvotekhah , by Menachem Mendel Schneerson; and, finally, Sefer be’erat Miriam , by Avraham Abele Kanarfogel. We survey the works broadly and relate them to one defined literary genre. In so doing, we offer a new framework for a scholarly discussion of the Hasidic occupation with nomos and kabbalah. We demonstrate how Hasidic works discussing rationales for the commandments simultaneously employ halakhic and kabbalistic perspectives, emphasizing the punctiliousness in their fulfilment, their theurgic efficacy, and personal-spiritual completeness.","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2024.a921350
Rachel Baron-Bloch
Abstract: Despite the extensive literature on the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), scholars have yet to apply race as an explicit analytic in examining its work across the Ottoman Empire, North Africa, and Iran. I argue that the AIU racialized the Beta Israel as subjects in need of aid through overtly physiognomic descriptions, notions of time, and ethnographic descriptions of cultural practices that rest on underlying racial logics. Further, I argue that the AIU was driven by racial notions, anxieties, and aspirations around whiteness. These racial politics come to the fore through a case study of the ethnographic expeditions that the AIU sponsored to the Beta Israel in Ethiopia. The Alliance first sent Joseph Halévy in 1867–1868, and forty years later, dispatched a second expedition led by Rabbi Haim Nahum in 1909. While accounts of the AIU tend towards a paradigm of Orientalism, thinking with race accounts for the role that racial theory played in the development of Alliance policy, emphasizes multidirectional constructions of Blackness and whiteness, reveals analytic connections linking groups within a global racial hierarchy, and highlights continuities with debates around white gatekeeping in the Jewish community that are still unfolding today. Applying race as an explicit analytic thus not only reframes the work of the Alliance, but enables us to rethink Jewish history and historiography more globally.
{"title":"The Racial Politics of the Alliance Israélite Universelle","authors":"Rachel Baron-Bloch","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2024.a921350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2024.a921350","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Despite the extensive literature on the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), scholars have yet to apply race as an explicit analytic in examining its work across the Ottoman Empire, North Africa, and Iran. I argue that the AIU racialized the Beta Israel as subjects in need of aid through overtly physiognomic descriptions, notions of time, and ethnographic descriptions of cultural practices that rest on underlying racial logics. Further, I argue that the AIU was driven by racial notions, anxieties, and aspirations around whiteness. These racial politics come to the fore through a case study of the ethnographic expeditions that the AIU sponsored to the Beta Israel in Ethiopia. The Alliance first sent Joseph Halévy in 1867–1868, and forty years later, dispatched a second expedition led by Rabbi Haim Nahum in 1909. While accounts of the AIU tend towards a paradigm of Orientalism, thinking with race accounts for the role that racial theory played in the development of Alliance policy, emphasizes multidirectional constructions of Blackness and whiteness, reveals analytic connections linking groups within a global racial hierarchy, and highlights continuities with debates around white gatekeeping in the Jewish community that are still unfolding today. Applying race as an explicit analytic thus not only reframes the work of the Alliance, but enables us to rethink Jewish history and historiography more globally.","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2024.a921346
Naphtali S. Meshel
Abstract: The talmudic narrative about a gentile who approaches Shammai and Hillel desiring to be taught the entire Torah “on one foot” (bShab 31a) has been claimed to be based on a bilingual (Hebrew-Latin) pun. This short-form essay examines this claim and demonstrates that the double entendre may be more elaborate than has been argued in the past, and may involve three languages rather than two.
{"title":"Measure for Measure","authors":"Naphtali S. Meshel","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2024.a921346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2024.a921346","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The talmudic narrative about a gentile who approaches Shammai and Hillel desiring to be taught the entire Torah “on one foot” (bShab 31a) has been claimed to be based on a bilingual (Hebrew-Latin) pun. This short-form essay examines this claim and demonstrates that the double entendre may be more elaborate than has been argued in the past, and may involve three languages rather than two.","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2023.a913343
Agata Paluch
Abstract:
Contribution to the essay forum "The Jewish Recipe."
摘要：为 "犹太食谱 "征文论坛投稿。
{"title":"Entertaining Knowledge: Play and Chance in Premodern Kabbalistic Recipe Books","authors":"Agata Paluch","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.a913343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.a913343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>Contribution to the essay forum \"The Jewish Recipe.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2023.a913345
Anna Shternshis
Abstract:
Contribution to the essay forum "The Jewish Recipe."
摘要：为 "犹太食谱 "征文论坛投稿。
{"title":"Sour-Cherry Dumplings and Sweet and Sour Meat: How to Cook for Hostile Friends","authors":"Anna Shternshis","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.a913345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.a913345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>Contribution to the essay forum \"The Jewish Recipe.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2023.a913340
Lennart Lehmhaus
Abstract:
Contribution to the essay forum "The Jewish Recipe."
摘要：为 "犹太食谱 "征文论坛投稿。
{"title":"Biting, Rubbing, Running, Burning: Recipe(s) for the \"Mad Dog\" Illness in Talmudic Texts","authors":"Lennart Lehmhaus","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.a913340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.a913340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract:</p><p>Contribution to the essay forum \"The Jewish Recipe.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/jqr.2023.a913350
Itamar Ben Ami
Abstract:When did Orthodox Jewish politics become radical? Some contemporary forms of Orthodox politics incline indeed toward "totality" and antiliberalism; however, until the 1930s, Orthodox politics was mostly conservative and not radical. This essay excavates the invention of radical Orthodox politics in the writings of one of Agudath Israel's prominent ideologues, Isaac Breuer. Struggling with the crisis of modernity as it came to light in the Weimar Republic of the 1920s, Breuer developed a Gnostic worldview that deemed reality a site of corruption and sin. To rectify this situation, Breuer formulated a Jewish version of the "Conservative Revolution," calling to establish a "total state of the Torah" based on "the national socialism of the state of God." The essay reveals how deeply German right-wing thought influenced Breuer and his circle, and it presents the ideational context of Orthodox radicalism, pointing to Breuer's struggles with his early neo-Kantianism.
{"title":"The Total State of the Torah: Isaac Breuer and the Foundations of Radical Orthodox Politics","authors":"Itamar Ben Ami","doi":"10.1353/jqr.2023.a913350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2023.a913350","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:When did Orthodox Jewish politics become radical? Some contemporary forms of Orthodox politics incline indeed toward \"totality\" and antiliberalism; however, until the 1930s, Orthodox politics was mostly conservative and not radical. This essay excavates the invention of radical Orthodox politics in the writings of one of Agudath Israel's prominent ideologues, Isaac Breuer. Struggling with the crisis of modernity as it came to light in the Weimar Republic of the 1920s, Breuer developed a Gnostic worldview that deemed reality a site of corruption and sin. To rectify this situation, Breuer formulated a Jewish version of the \"Conservative Revolution,\" calling to establish a \"total state of the Torah\" based on \"the national socialism of the state of God.\" The essay reveals how deeply German right-wing thought influenced Breuer and his circle, and it presents the ideational context of Orthodox radicalism, pointing to Breuer's struggles with his early neo-Kantianism.","PeriodicalId":45747,"journal":{"name":"JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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