Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.11.1.spat
Serena N. Patel Isa L. Ferrall, Byrones Khaingad, D. Kammen
This article provides a case study of an environmentally sustainable and socially resilient minigrid distribution model to serve communities in an urban informal settlement in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya. The process of designing resilient and sustainable urban solutions must account for the different needs, requirements, and barriers common to informal settlements, our understanding of which suffers from a severe lack of data. Therefore, we use an interdisciplinary approach, integrating a wide range of methods including: surveys, sensor-based monitoring, energy system simulation, policy analysis, and evaluation of a proposed business model. Conducted in collaboration with the Kibera Town Center (KTC), we collect unique primary electricity production and usage data to analyze informal settlement electricity demands. However, unlike previous literature in informal settlements that focuses on residential energy, this research focuses on critical, centralized community-scale energy that supports schools, water delivery, and livelihoods. Furthermore, under a policy change in Kenyaâ€TMs Energy Act 2019, this minigrid now has the opportunity to expand and sell power to the local community under new business models. When scaled, our proposed innovative minigrid franchise business model can support microenterprises and return agency to slum dwellers. Our research is guided by the following questions:
{"title":"Sustainable and Socially Resilient Minigrid Franchise Model for an Urban Informal Settlement in Kenya","authors":"Serena N. Patel Isa L. Ferrall, Byrones Khaingad, D. Kammen","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.11.1.spat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.11.1.spat","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a case study of an environmentally sustainable and socially resilient minigrid distribution model to serve communities in an urban informal settlement in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya. The process of designing resilient and sustainable urban solutions must account for the different needs, requirements, and barriers common to informal settlements, our understanding of which suffers from a severe lack of data. Therefore, we use an interdisciplinary approach, integrating a wide range of methods including: surveys, sensor-based monitoring, energy system simulation, policy analysis, and evaluation of a proposed business model. Conducted in collaboration with the Kibera Town Center (KTC), we collect unique primary electricity production and usage data to analyze informal settlement electricity demands. However, unlike previous literature in informal settlements that focuses on residential energy, this research focuses on critical, centralized community-scale energy that supports schools, water delivery, and livelihoods. Furthermore, under a policy change in Kenyaâ€TMs Energy Act 2019, this minigrid now has the opportunity to expand and sell power to the local community under new business models. When scaled, our proposed innovative minigrid franchise business model can support microenterprises and return agency to slum dwellers. Our research is guided by the following questions:","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47564297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.11.1.mpol
M. Pollitt, G. Dolphin
This paper considers the current proposal to extend the EU ETS to cover CO2 emissions from the combustion of heating and road transport fuels. We argue that increased coverage of the EU ETS, together with a binding cap consistent with a net zero trajectory, would be a powerful dynamic incentive to efficient emissions reduction. In addition, it would complement standards-based policies currently enacted in these sectors in several ways. Distributional implications remain a serious challenge to such an extension but several mechanisms are available to alleviate them.
{"title":"Should the EU ETS be Extended to Road Transport and Heating Fuels?","authors":"M. Pollitt, G. Dolphin","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.11.1.mpol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.11.1.mpol","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the current proposal to extend the EU ETS to cover CO2 emissions from the combustion of heating and road transport fuels. We argue that increased coverage of the EU ETS, together with a binding cap consistent with a net zero trajectory, would be a powerful dynamic incentive to efficient emissions reduction. In addition, it would complement standards-based policies currently enacted in these sectors in several ways. Distributional implications remain a serious challenge to such an extension but several mechanisms are available to alleviate them.","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46325191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.10.1.rpou
R. Poudineh, Anupama Sen, B. Fattouh
The Middle East and North Africa’s (MENA) resource-rich economies are pursuing two parallel strategies in their electricity sectors: (i) increasing and integrating renewables into their power generation mix to mitigate the impact of rising domestic oil and gas demand on their economies and boost hydrocarbon export capacities; and (ii) undertaking power sector reforms to attract investment in generation capacity and networks, remove subsidies, and improve operational efficiency. These goals imply that the design of reforms (including regulations governing wholesale and retail markets and networks) needs to be carried out with a view to a rising share of non-dispatchable resources. The lack of an integrated approach to simultaneously address these two strategies is likely to lead to several misalignments between renewables and various components of future electricity markets, as the share of intermittent resources increases in the generation mix. The key challenge is that the ‘ultimate model’ capable of reconciling these two goals is as yet unknown, and is still evolving, due to uncertainties around the development of technologies, institutions, and consumer preferences. We argue that resource-rich MENA countries can, however, move towards adopting a transition model of electricity markets, the individual elements of which can be adapted to suit either centralized or decentralized future electricity sector outcomes. We outline the key components of this model for the wholesale market, retail market, and network regulation, considering governments’ objectives and the specific contexts of the countries in the region.
{"title":"Electricity Markets in the Resource-Rich Countries of the MENA: Adapting for the Transition Era","authors":"R. Poudineh, Anupama Sen, B. Fattouh","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.10.1.rpou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.10.1.rpou","url":null,"abstract":"The Middle East and North Africa’s (MENA) resource-rich economies are pursuing two parallel strategies in their electricity sectors: (i) increasing and integrating renewables into their power generation mix to mitigate the impact of rising domestic oil and gas demand on their economies and boost hydrocarbon export capacities; and (ii) undertaking power sector reforms to attract investment in generation capacity and networks, remove subsidies, and improve operational efficiency. These goals imply that the design of reforms (including regulations governing wholesale and retail markets and networks) needs to be carried out with a view to a rising share of non-dispatchable resources. The lack of an integrated approach to simultaneously address these two strategies is likely to lead to several misalignments between renewables and various components of future electricity markets, as the share of intermittent resources increases in the generation mix. The key challenge is that the ‘ultimate model’ capable of reconciling these two goals is as yet unknown, and is still evolving, due to uncertainties around the development of technologies, institutions, and consumer preferences. We argue that resource-rich MENA countries can, however, move towards adopting a transition model of electricity markets, the individual elements of which can be adapted to suit either centralized or decentralized future electricity sector outcomes. We outline the key components of this model for the wholesale market, retail market, and network regulation, considering governments’ objectives and the specific contexts of the countries in the region.","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42351667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.mdav
M. Davidson, V. Karplus, Da Zhang, Xiliang Zhang
of market forces in wholesale power system operation and its impact on investment. This paper discusses the potential role of fossil natural gas in the process of the energy transformation in Europe on its way to decarbonization. Mainstream conventional wisdom has it that natural
{"title":"Policies and Institutions to Support Carbon Neutrality in China by 2060","authors":"M. Davidson, V. Karplus, Da Zhang, Xiliang Zhang","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.mdav","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.mdav","url":null,"abstract":"of market forces in wholesale power system operation and its impact on investment. This paper discusses the potential role of fossil natural gas in the process of the energy transformation in Europe on its way to decarbonization. Mainstream conventional wisdom has it that natural","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.chir
M. Hesamzadeh, D. Biggar, Juan Rosellón, H. Hesamzadeh
The electricity sector is in an unprecedented time of transition. The industry is in the process of adjusting from traditional fossil-fuel to renewable generation, from large-scale to distributed g ...
{"title":"Transmission Network Investment in a Time of Transition","authors":"M. Hesamzadeh, D. Biggar, Juan Rosellón, H. Hesamzadeh","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.chir","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.chir","url":null,"abstract":"The electricity sector is in an unprecedented time of transition. The industry is in the process of adjusting from traditional fossil-fuel to renewable generation, from large-scale to distributed g ...","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.TJAM
T. Jamasb
The regulatory and operating context of energy networks is dynamic and constantly evolving. Achieving a multitude of economic, environmental, social and policy objectives is a challenging task for the sector regulators. In 2010, the UK energy regulator Ofgem replaced its approach to energy network price control and incentive regulation with a Revenue-Incentive-Innovation-Output (RIIO-1) model. This paper reviews the incentive areas that influence the performance of the next version of the model (RIIO-2). Guided by the principals of regulatory economics and evidence in the literature, we discuss key aspects of the regulation model that be revised by the regulator. The lessons of experience from the RIIO models are also relevant for regulators in other countries and can inform their design of incentive regulation of energy networks.
{"title":"Incentive Regulation of Electricity and Gas Networks in the UK: From RIIO-1 to RIIO-2","authors":"T. Jamasb","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.TJAM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.TJAM","url":null,"abstract":"The regulatory and operating context of energy networks is dynamic and constantly evolving. Achieving a multitude of economic, environmental, social and policy objectives is a challenging task for the sector regulators. In 2010, the UK energy regulator Ofgem replaced its approach to energy network price control and incentive regulation with a Revenue-Incentive-Innovation-Output (RIIO-1) model. This paper reviews the incentive areas that influence the performance of the next version of the model (RIIO-2). Guided by the principals of regulatory economics and evidence in the literature, we discuss key aspects of the regulation model that be revised by the regulator. The lessons of experience from the RIIO models are also relevant for regulators in other countries and can inform their design of incentive regulation of energy networks.","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42167089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.fbal
F. M. Baldursson, N. M. Fehr, E. Lazarczyk
We present and discuss evidence on electric-vehicle rollout in The Netherlands and Norway, two forerunners in this area. We demonstrate that the uptake of electric vehicles is essentially driven by financial and other benefits offered to their owners, and that a partial electrification of the vehicle fleet may be achieved even with limited public charging infrastructure; indeed, infrastructure has tended to follow the development of electric vehicles. The impact on the electricity industry in general and electricity networks in particular has so far been limited, even given the relatively high penetration of electric vehicles.
{"title":"Electric Vehicles Rollout—Two Case Studies","authors":"F. M. Baldursson, N. M. Fehr, E. Lazarczyk","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.fbal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.fbal","url":null,"abstract":"We present and discuss evidence on electric-vehicle rollout in The Netherlands and Norway, two forerunners in this area. We demonstrate that the uptake of electric vehicles is essentially driven by financial and other benefits offered to their owners, and that a partial electrification of the vehicle fleet may be achieved even with limited public charging infrastructure; indeed, infrastructure has tended to follow the development of electric vehicles. The impact on the electricity industry in general and electricity networks in particular has so far been limited, even given the relatively high penetration of electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47746299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.jgla
J. Glachant, Nicolò Rossetto
{"title":"New Transactions in Electricity: Peer-to-Peer and Peer-to-X","authors":"J. Glachant, Nicolò Rossetto","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.jgla","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.10.2.jgla","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42530859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.8.1.VKAR
V. Karplus, C. Hirschhausen
{"title":"Electricity Access: An Introduction","authors":"V. Karplus, C. Hirschhausen","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.8.1.VKAR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.8.1.VKAR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45916976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.5547/2160-5890.8.2.jbat
J. Batalla, J. Paniagua, Elisa Trujillo-Baute
{"title":"Energy Market Integration and Electricity Trade","authors":"J. Batalla, J. Paniagua, Elisa Trujillo-Baute","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.8.2.jbat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.8.2.jbat","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45808,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47995549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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