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Enhancing the quality of bid evaluation in government refurbishment projects 提高政府翻修工程评标质量
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-04-26 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2020.1753639
G. Alwis, B. Perera, S. Gallage, I. Indikatiya
ABSTRACT In government refurbishment projects, contractors are selected through competitive bidding. The special characteristics of these projects, such as complexity, uncertainty, lack of design details and unclear scope, and the accountability expected from them, make it necessary to have in place a proper procedure for evaluating the bids received for these projects. Some of the major problems encountered when evaluating these projects are the small number of bids received, wide differences noticed among the submissions and the difficulties experienced in the assessment of the impact of non-price factors of the bidders. The adjustment of the weightages given to project requirements; and the determination of the actual capabilities and the impact of the non-price factors of the bidders would improve the quality of the bids, the efficiency of the overall bid evaluation procedure; and the success of the projects.
在政府翻新工程中,承包商是通过竞争性招标选择的。这些项目的特点,如复杂性、不确定性、缺乏设计细节和范围不明确,以及对它们的责任要求,使得有必要制定适当的程序来评估这些项目收到的投标。在评价这些项目时遇到的一些主要问题是收到的标书数量少,所提交的标书之间的差别很大,以及在评价投标人的非价格因素的影响时遇到的困难。调整项目需求的权重;而确定投标人的实际能力和非价格因素的影响将提高投标的质量,提高整体评标程序的效率;以及项目的成功。
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引用次数: 2
Renewable energy adoption in the built environment: a sociotechnical network approach 建筑环境中可再生能源的采用:一种社会技术网络方法
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-04-19 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2020.1752134
R. Weerasinghe, R. Yang, Eric Too, T. Le
ABSTRACT The transition to renewable energy system in the building industry is a complex process comprising various technology elements and influenced by multiple stakeholders and various functions. Without unravelling how technical systems are embedded with social components, the opportunity for successful implementation is compromised. Therefore, this paper examines the influence of sociotechnical elements on renewable energy uptake in the building industry. This study adopts a sociotechnical network perspective and proposes a meta-network analysis (multi-link and multi-node network) to assess complex sociotechnical systems and uses an example of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) uptake to demonstrate the approach. A comprehensive literature review and 20 interviews assisted in the development of the sociotechnical network. The adoption process is transformed to a three-node network,with nodes as social actors, technical artefacts and actions (drivers that influence the deployment). The findings reveal significant sociotechnical elements as adopters/clients: governments, BIPV panels, energy storage systems and the building. The system performances, uniform standards, regulations and building codes, stakeholder collaborations, incentives and upfront cost are highlighted as critical drivers influencing deployment. The goal of the study is to inform practitioners and researchers how social and technical dynamics shape successful renewable energy transition in the building sector.
摘要建筑行业向可再生能源系统的过渡是一个复杂的过程,包括各种技术要素,并受到多个利益相关者和各种职能的影响。如果不了解技术系统是如何嵌入社会组件的,成功实施的机会就会受到损害。因此,本文考察了社会技术因素对建筑业可再生能源吸收的影响。本研究采用社会技术网络的观点,提出了一种元网络分析(多链路和多节点网络)来评估复杂的社会技术系统,并以建筑一体化光伏(BIPV)的吸收为例来演示该方法。全面的文献综述和20次访谈有助于社会技术网络的发展。采用过程转变为三节点网络,节点是社会参与者、技术人工制品和行动(影响部署的驱动因素)。研究结果揭示了作为采用者/客户的重要社会技术因素:政府、BIPV面板、储能系统和建筑。系统性能、统一标准、法规和建筑规范、利益相关者合作、激励措施和前期成本被强调为影响部署的关键驱动因素。该研究的目标是向从业者和研究人员介绍社会和技术动态如何影响建筑行业可再生能源的成功转型。
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引用次数: 9
Lighting in the third dimension: laser scanning as an architectural survey and representation method 三维照明:激光扫描作为一种建筑测量和表现方法
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2020.1745741
Myriam Rodrigue, Claude M. H. Demers, Mojtaba Parsaee
ABSTRACT This paper proposes tridimensional (3D) laser scanning to architects and lighting designers as a lighting enquiry and visualization method for existing built environments. The method constitutes a complement to existing lighting methods by responding to limitations of photometric measurements, computer simulation and HDR imagery in surveying and visualizing light in actual buildings. The research explores advantages and limitations of 3D laser scanning in a case study addressing a vast, geometrically complex and fragmented naturally and artificially lit space. Lighting patterns and geometry of the case study are captured with a 3D laser scanner through a series of four scans. A single 3D model of the entire space is produced from the aligned and fused scans. Lighting distribution patterns are showcased in relation to the materiality, geometry and position of windows, walls, lighting fixtures and day lighting sources. The point cloud model of the case study is also generated into a video format representing the entire building as well as different viewpoints. The study shows that the proposed method provides powerful visualization results due to the unlimited number of images that can be generated from a point cloud and facilitates understanding of existing lighting conditions in spaces.
本文向建筑师和照明设计师提出三维(3D)激光扫描作为一种对现有建筑环境进行照明查询和可视化的方法。该方法是对现有照明方法的补充,通过响应光度测量,计算机模拟和HDR图像在测量和可视化实际建筑物中的光的局限性。该研究通过一个案例研究,探讨了3D激光扫描的优势和局限性,该案例研究解决了一个巨大的、几何复杂的、碎片化的自然和人工照明空间。案例研究的照明模式和几何形状是用3D激光扫描仪通过一系列四次扫描捕获的。整个空间的单一3D模型是由对齐和融合的扫描产生的。照明分布模式与窗户、墙壁、照明装置和日间光源的材料、几何形状和位置有关。案例研究的点云模型也被生成为视频格式,代表整个建筑以及不同的视点。研究表明,由于可以从点云生成无限数量的图像,因此所提出的方法提供了强大的可视化结果,并且有助于理解空间中现有的照明条件。
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引用次数: 5
Substantiation of home occupant archetypes with the use of generative techniques: analysis and results of focus groups 使用生成技术来证明居住者原型:焦点小组的分析和结果
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2020.1747381
M. Ortiz, Dong Hyun Kim, P. Bluyssen
ABSTRACT A previous study clustered home occupants into archetypes with a questionnaire. This study uses qualitative methods to strengthen those previously-found archetypes with data pertaining to the participants’ home experiences. Focus groups were carried out where generative activities were conducted involving the generation of collages. The first activity dealt with the expression of ‘meaning of energy use at home’ and the second one with the ‘ideal home experience’. Analyses were done with content and thematic analysis. Codes were drawn from the data and were assimilated through an affinity diagram. The diagram produced two categories: building themes and human themes, along with five sub-categories (home, financial, energy, psychological, and behavioural aspects). The outcome shows that each archetype expresses needs and meanings of an ideal home experience and energy use differently from each other. The results provide evidence that generative techniques can be used in energy research. In this case, to validate and substantiate the quantitative archetypes previously produced with a questionnaire. Interpretive knowledge in energy research allows for a better understanding of occupants’ differing behavioural patterns in regards to energy use and comfort. It allows customizing interventions to the archetypes’ specific needs to decrease energy consumption while maintaining comfort.
先前的一项研究通过问卷调查将家庭居住者划分为原型。本研究使用定性的方法来加强那些先前发现的原型与数据有关的参与者的家庭经验。焦点小组进行了涉及拼贴画生成的生成活动。第一项活动涉及“家庭能源使用的意义”的表达,第二项活动涉及“理想家庭体验”。分析分为内容分析和主题分析。从数据中提取代码,并通过关联图进行同化。该图表产生了两个类别:建筑主题和人类主题,以及五个子类别(家庭、金融、能源、心理和行为方面)。结果表明,每个原型都表达了理想家庭体验和能源使用的需求和意义,彼此不同。结果表明,生成技术可用于能源研究。在这种情况下,验证和证实之前通过问卷调查产生的定量原型。能源研究中的解释性知识可以更好地理解居住者在能源使用和舒适度方面的不同行为模式。它允许定制干预原型的特定需求,以减少能源消耗,同时保持舒适。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 编辑
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2020.1741780
D. Clements–Croome
In earlier issues, I have written about the importance of transdisciplinarity. Different industries move at different paces and some develop technologies much more quickly than others. Cross-sector learning provides vital intersections of knowledge. So what will be the shape of things to come? In previous editorials I have stressed the importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution but here is another view very closely related. According to Clive Cookson in the FT 4th January 2020, there are five primary scenarios from which other disciplines may learn. Cosmology and space science uses advanced instrumentation which may have lessons for environmental measurements on Earth. In buildings and architecture as we measure more we need to use the most reliable methods which produce useful data with built-in analytics. Artificial intelligence with deep learning programmes and self-generative algorithms can assist in planning, design and operating machines or buildings. Robots can already carry out many tasks such as systems maintenance for example. Digital assistants can relieve people of repetitive administrative work. Patterns in neuroscience are entering many fields including architecture. How connectivity works with billions of neurones to structure human intelligence is a wonder to behold. Imagine neurones as proxies for people then perhaps we can plan cities with ideal connectivity like a healthy brain. Medicine is a priority for Governments and attracts finance. The coronavirus has quickly been very quickly a source of considerable finance. Research in stem cell and gene therapy are just some examples which will lead to discoveries which will over spill into other fields. You can now shop with your DNA using a wrist band which can be used to identify healthy food choices to match your personal DNA profile. This could be a real progressive step to helping people to improve their health and wellbeing. Another area is the growing use of wearables to self-monitor health. Climate change has a chorus of urgency proclamations but actions towards the use of renewals and extinguishing reliance on fossil fuels is still too slow. At present renewables supply about 26% of the global power and this is expected to rise to 30% by 2024 (Towards a Sustainable Future by D. Elliott in Physics World, January 2020, page 19). Energy storage requires a breakthrough. Grid balancing and demand management are other areas under development. The energy mix still needs some inputs from nuclear. There are major research programmes in nuclear fusion which overcome many of the disadvantages of nuclear fission. Much more investment is needed if we are to meet the COP targets and the various zero-carbon deadlines mooted by different countries between 2030 and 2050. However, all these aspirations can fail if there is another global downturn. Human activities at various levels have accelerated climate change beyond the natural cycles of change observed over millennia. Governments, c
在前几期中,我曾写过跨学科的重要性。不同的行业以不同的速度发展,有些行业的技术发展速度比其他行业快得多。跨部门学习提供了重要的知识交叉点。那么,未来的事情会是什么样子呢?在以前的社论中,我强调了第四次工业革命的重要性,但这里有另一种非常密切相关的观点。克莱夫·库克森在2020年1月4日的英国《金融时报》上表示,其他学科可以从五个主要场景中学习。宇宙学和空间科学使用先进的仪器,这些仪器可能对地球上的环境测量有借鉴意义。在建筑和建筑中,随着我们测量得越来越多,我们需要使用最可靠的方法,通过内置分析产生有用的数据。具有深度学习程序和自我生成算法的人工智能可以帮助规划、设计和操作机器或建筑。机器人已经可以执行许多任务,例如系统维护。数字助理可以减轻人们重复的行政工作。神经科学的模式正在进入包括建筑学在内的许多领域。连接是如何与数十亿神经元协同工作来构建人类智能的,这是一个奇迹。把神经元想象成人的代理人,然后也许我们可以像健康的大脑一样规划出具有理想连通性的城市。医药是各国政府的优先事项,吸引资金。新冠病毒很快成为大量资金的来源。干细胞和基因治疗的研究只是一些例子,这些发现将渗透到其他领域。你现在可以使用腕带携带你的DNA购物,腕带可以用来识别健康食品的选择,以匹配你的个人DNA档案。这可能是帮助人们改善健康和福祉的一个真正的进步步骤。另一个领域是越来越多地使用可穿戴设备来自我监测健康状况。气候变化有一系列紧急声明,但使用可再生能源和消除对化石燃料的依赖的行动仍然太慢。目前,可再生能源约占全球电力的26%,预计到2024年,这一比例将上升至30%(D.Elliott在《物理世界》上发表的《走向可持续未来》,2020年1月,第19页)。储能需要突破。电网平衡和需求管理是正在开发的其他领域。能源结构仍然需要核能的一些投入。核聚变方面有一些重大的研究计划,克服了核裂变的许多缺点。如果我们要实现缔约方会议的目标和不同国家在2030年至2050年期间提出的各种零碳最后期限,就需要更多的投资。然而,如果再次出现全球经济衰退,所有这些愿望都可能失败。人类在各个层面的活动加速了气候变化,超过了数千年来观察到的自然变化周期。如果我们要实现净零碳,无论是能源、废物还是水的生产和消费,政府、社区和个人都参与其中,都有责任。正如Broers勋爵在《英国议会和科学委员会杂志》2020年冬春季版(全党派议会小组)上指出的那样,人类行为很难建模,需要混沌理论来建模,因为它是一个非线性动态系统。这方面的论文于2012年发表在该杂志上。很多时候我们听到这样一句话,我们必须全面思考。这里的一个例子是推动电动汽车的推广,这将减少但不会消除污染。然而,如果发电来自化石燃料发电站,这将不是一个零碳解决方案,而只是在输送端减少碳,同时在源头增加碳。发电站的需求由
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"D. Clements–Croome","doi":"10.1080/17508975.2020.1741780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2020.1741780","url":null,"abstract":"In earlier issues, I have written about the importance of transdisciplinarity. Different industries move at different paces and some develop technologies much more quickly than others. Cross-sector learning provides vital intersections of knowledge. So what will be the shape of things to come? In previous editorials I have stressed the importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution but here is another view very closely related. According to Clive Cookson in the FT 4th January 2020, there are five primary scenarios from which other disciplines may learn. Cosmology and space science uses advanced instrumentation which may have lessons for environmental measurements on Earth. In buildings and architecture as we measure more we need to use the most reliable methods which produce useful data with built-in analytics. Artificial intelligence with deep learning programmes and self-generative algorithms can assist in planning, design and operating machines or buildings. Robots can already carry out many tasks such as systems maintenance for example. Digital assistants can relieve people of repetitive administrative work. Patterns in neuroscience are entering many fields including architecture. How connectivity works with billions of neurones to structure human intelligence is a wonder to behold. Imagine neurones as proxies for people then perhaps we can plan cities with ideal connectivity like a healthy brain. Medicine is a priority for Governments and attracts finance. The coronavirus has quickly been very quickly a source of considerable finance. Research in stem cell and gene therapy are just some examples which will lead to discoveries which will over spill into other fields. You can now shop with your DNA using a wrist band which can be used to identify healthy food choices to match your personal DNA profile. This could be a real progressive step to helping people to improve their health and wellbeing. Another area is the growing use of wearables to self-monitor health. Climate change has a chorus of urgency proclamations but actions towards the use of renewals and extinguishing reliance on fossil fuels is still too slow. At present renewables supply about 26% of the global power and this is expected to rise to 30% by 2024 (Towards a Sustainable Future by D. Elliott in Physics World, January 2020, page 19). Energy storage requires a breakthrough. Grid balancing and demand management are other areas under development. The energy mix still needs some inputs from nuclear. There are major research programmes in nuclear fusion which overcome many of the disadvantages of nuclear fission. Much more investment is needed if we are to meet the COP targets and the various zero-carbon deadlines mooted by different countries between 2030 and 2050. However, all these aspirations can fail if there is another global downturn. Human activities at various levels have accelerated climate change beyond the natural cycles of change observed over millennia. Governments, c","PeriodicalId":45828,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Buildings International","volume":"12 1","pages":"69 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17508975.2020.1741780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43110735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biophilic design and office planting: a case study of effects on perceived health, well-being and performance metrics in the workplace 亲生物设计和办公室种植:对工作场所感知健康、幸福感和绩效指标影响的案例研究
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2020.1732859
Nalise Hähn, Emmanuel Essah, T. Blanusa
ABSTRACT The philosophy of building ‘lean’ workplaces, to maximise occupant performance, has seen a stripping away of nature within built environments. However, the biophilia hypothesis indicates that a severance in human connection with nature can lead to significant reductions in health, well-being and performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether introducing and removing living plants within an office environment can affect occupants’ perceived health, well-being and performance metrics. 40 occupants took part within a modern office building with 2 potted plants per person introduced into individual offices, and 8 in break-out spaces. Changes in occupants’ perception were tested using questionnaires. Whether the location of planting impacted measured parameters and occupants’ workplace satisfaction was also investigated. Introducing plants into offices had significantly positive effects on occupants’ perceived attention, creativity and productivity; plants’ removal elicited significantly negative effects in perceived attention, productivity, stress and efficiency. Planting had no significant effect on perceived health, tiredness, motivation or well-being. Furthermore, interactions with plants during break times had no significant effect on perceived performance metrics. This study showed occupants to have improved satisfaction with their overall workplace environment when they have physical and visual access to plants within their offices and break-out spaces.
建筑“精益”工作场所的理念,以最大限度地提高居住者的表现,已经在建筑环境中剥离了自然。然而,亲生命假说表明,人类与自然的联系中断可能导致健康、福祉和业绩的显著下降。本研究的目的是确定在办公环境中引入和移除活植物是否会影响居住者的感知健康、福祉和绩效指标。40名居住者参与了现代办公大楼的建设,每个人的办公室里有2盆植物,休息空间里有8盆植物。使用问卷调查来测试居住者感知的变化。种植的位置是否影响测量参数和居住者的工作场所满意度也进行了调查。在办公室内引入植物对员工的注意力、创造力和生产力有显著的积极影响;植物的移除在感知注意力、生产力、压力和效率方面产生了显著的负面影响。种植对感知健康、疲劳、动力或幸福感没有显著影响。此外,在休息时间与植物的互动对感知绩效指标没有显著影响。这项研究表明,当员工可以在办公室和休息空间内接触到植物时,他们对整体工作环境的满意度会有所提高。
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引用次数: 33
‘User-Home relationship’ regarding user experience of smart home products 关于智能家居产品用户体验的“user - home relationship”
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2020.1726724
Hatice Sadikoglu-Asan
ABSTRACT Technological developments in recent years have radically advanced the design of smart home products. With the help of artificial intelligence, the interaction between user and product has been raised to a new level. While AI has been changing the type of interaction, the relationships between user, product and home have gained importance to provide useful and meaningful outputs for smart home systems. This paper proposes a new approach by focusing on a specific relationship. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between the user and the home to obtain insight into improving the user experience quality. The research explores specific characteristics such as home-occupancy status, home type and number of members of a household. This study consists of a literature review on the concept of smart home and a field study. The field study was conducted with 48 participants in the Bay Area, San Francisco. Following this, multiple-choice questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted. With the findings of the study, the impact of the user-home relationship on the user experience of smart home products is discussed. We propose that this relationship should be taken into consideration as a new dynamic dimension for developing user experience strategies.
近年来的技术发展从根本上推动了智能家居产品的设计。在人工智能的帮助下,用户与产品之间的交互被提升到一个新的水平。虽然人工智能一直在改变交互类型,但用户,产品和家庭之间的关系已经变得重要,可以为智能家居系统提供有用和有意义的输出。本文提出了一种关注特定关系的新方法。本研究的目的是探讨用户与家之间的关系,以获得提高用户体验质量的见解。该研究探讨了具体的特征,如家庭居住状况、家庭类型和家庭成员人数。本研究包括对智能家居概念的文献综述和实地研究。这项实地研究是在旧金山海湾地区对48名参与者进行的。在此之后,进行了多项选择问卷和半结构化访谈。结合研究结果,讨论了用户-家关系对智能家居产品用户体验的影响。我们建议将这种关系作为开发用户体验策略的一个新的动态维度加以考虑。
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引用次数: 3
Research on building energy consumption prediction model based on fractal theory 基于分形理论的建筑能耗预测模型研究
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2019.1709406
Junqi Yu, Sen Jiao, Yue Zhang, Xisheng Ding, Jiali Wang, Tong Ran
ABSTRACT Nowadays, the energy problem is becoming more and more serious, and the actual energy consumption of the building is one of the important links in the field of building energy conservation. At present, most prediction algorithms fail to fully consider the complex characteristics of building energy consumption, resulting in unsatisfactory prediction results. Fractal theory can directly analyze some rules of abstract composite complex nonlinear things and then analyze and predict them correctly. Therefore, it is also a new way to analyze fractal theory and solve the problem of large-scale public construction energy consumption prediction. Taking a building as the object, an energy consumption prediction model using the fractal collage principle and fractal interpolation algorithm is proposed. In order to verify the validity of the model, a prediction model of traditional mature BP neural network is established, and the experimental results of the two models were compared. Mean relative error (MRE) and root mean square error (RMSE) basis are used to evaluate the performance of the model on the daily. The results show that the fractal prediction model has good prediction effect and accuracy. The energy prediction data provided by the model can provide a scientific basis for energy management and energy conservation control of such buildings.
在能源问题日益严重的今天,建筑的实际能耗是建筑节能领域的重要环节之一。目前,大多数预测算法没有充分考虑建筑能耗的复杂特性,导致预测结果不理想。分形理论可以直接分析抽象复合复杂非线性事物的某些规律,进而对其进行正确的分析和预测。因此,分析分形理论,解决大型公共建筑能耗预测问题,也是一条新的途径。以某建筑为对象,利用分形拼贴原理和分形插值算法,建立了建筑能耗预测模型。为了验证模型的有效性,建立了传统成熟BP神经网络的预测模型,并对两种模型的实验结果进行了比较。使用平均相对误差(MRE)和均方根误差(RMSE)来评价模型在日数据上的表现。结果表明,分形预测模型具有较好的预测效果和精度。该模型提供的能源预测数据可为此类建筑的能源管理和节能控制提供科学依据。
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引用次数: 6
Participatory facility design challenges in two university hospitals 两所大学医院的参与式设施设计挑战
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2017.1342591
Jori Reijula, V. Ruohomäki, M. Lahtinen, K. Reijula
ABSTRACT Healthcare (HC) providers are expected to enhance their work efficiency, while resources for HC remain scarce. In order to accomplish this, efficient work environments must be developed. Although not yet a common practice in today’s hospitals, participatory design is a useful tool for improving HC facility design (FD). Thematic interviews were used as a study method. Employees from two Finnish central hospitals (n = 14) were interviewed. The interviews were carried out among, for example, hospital and project managers, facility designers and hospital user group representatives. The interviews revealed that participatory design can improve several aspects of FD, such as staff satisfaction, trust and teamwork. Clarifying reasons behind the decision-making process and instilling cohesion among the FD participants seemed beneficial. The hospital units that had systematically listened to the users and involved them in the decision-making process had also gained the users’ commitment and encountered little resistance. The challenges associated with participatory design included, for example, guiding the employees to project-based FD, utilizing users’ know-how, getting everyone involved, and eliminating silo mentality. Several similarities were found in the participatory FD processes in the two target hospitals. The users of hospital facilities provide an important resource for designing new hospitals. The two study target hospitals had significantly benefited from using participatory design in their FD projects.
医疗保健(HC)提供者有望提高他们的工作效率,而HC资源仍然稀缺。为了实现这一目标,必须创造高效的工作环境。虽然参与式设计在今天的医院中还不是一种常见的做法,但它是改进HC设施设计(FD)的有用工具。研究方法为专题访谈。访谈了两家芬兰中心医院的员工(n = 14)。访谈对象包括医院和项目经理、设施设计师和医院用户群体代表等。访谈显示,参与式设计可以提高FD的几个方面,如员工满意度,信任和团队合作。厘清决策过程背后的原因,并在FD参与者中建立凝聚力,似乎是有益的。系统地听取用户意见并使其参与决策过程的医院单位也获得了用户的承诺,几乎没有遇到阻力。与参与式设计相关的挑战包括,例如,指导员工基于项目的FD,利用用户的专业知识,让每个人都参与进来,消除竖井心态。在两家目标医院的参与式FD流程中发现了一些相似之处。医院设施的使用者是设计新医院的重要资源。两家研究目标医院在FD项目中使用参与式设计显著受益。
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引用次数: 5
Editorial 编辑
IF 2.3 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17508975.2019.1703513
D. Clements–Croome
I start with a mention of the papers in this issue. In any country the national health provision is the or one of the most important issues. Finland is a country with a small population but is highly organised and we can learn a lot from how they manage their health programmes. In two papers here by Reijula et al. and Ruohoaho et al. we learn how user centric design and mapping value streams can reduce waiting times and meet the needs of staff and patients more effectively. Social care is a continuing problem for society to deal with effectively. This involves some critical decision-making. Huisman et al. in the Netherlands have developed a structural approach which involves healthcare professionals contributing to the design process to ensure the needs of older people who are often frail are accounted for. Climate change are words on everyone’s lips today. Buildings contribute about 39% to world emissions according to the UN so every effort is needed to propel the use of renewable energy sources forward at a faster pace. Solar energy is and will continue to play an important role in this. Ali Khan et al. from India describe ways in which photovoltaic systems can operate more efficiently. Building better homes, towns and cities is another international theme but here focused on Auckland in New Zealand. Ghaffarianhoseini et al. propose a conceptual model to help Auckland to realise this. And now some current debates. Buildings use 50% of materials and generate 45% waste. Developments in materials science and in the processes for making materials are going to impact design and construction. Off site construction using 3D printing saves time, waste and manpower so the embodied energy is less whilst also reducing on site pollution. Traditional materials like hemp, straw and wood remain important. Concrete and brick can reduce their embodied energy by embedding graphene for example in their mix. Film coatings like Titanium Dioxide and other chemical compounds can affect solar reflectance dramatically so reduce cooling loads. Self-healing and self-cleaning materials are now available. The use of biomaterials is another area offering significant advances in sustainability terms. Materials also affect people’s health via emissions of their volatile compounds but they also positively contribute to the look and feel of the space. They affect sound distribution and quality as well as thermal performance. All these issues are the substance of the British Council for Offices Report Making the Future Workplace: Materials and methods towards a circular economy, launched on 3 December 2019, written by professionals from AKT II; AHMM and Reading University The application of digital twins is now frequently in the news. A digital twin is a digital representation of a physical asset and uses data from surveys, BIM and other sources. Emily Ashwell (see New Civil Engineer, December 2019, pages 38–39) describes how a 4D digital twin has been used to model changes to a
我首先要提一下本期的论文。在任何国家,国民保健都是最重要的问题之一。芬兰是一个人口少但组织有序的国家,我们可以从他们如何管理卫生项目中学到很多东西。在Reijula等人和Ruohoaho等人的两篇论文中,我们了解了以用户为中心的设计和映射价值流如何减少等待时间,更有效地满足员工和患者的需求。社会关怀是一个需要社会有效处理的持续问题。这涉及到一些关键的决策。荷兰的Huisman等人开发了一种结构方法,其中包括医疗保健专业人员参与设计过程,以确保考虑到经常体弱的老年人的需求。气候变化是今天每个人都挂在嘴边的词。根据联合国的数据,建筑占世界排放量的39%,因此需要尽一切努力以更快的速度推动可再生能源的使用。太阳能已经并将继续在这方面发挥重要作用。来自印度的Ali Khan等人描述了光伏系统可以更有效地运行的方法。建设更好的家园、城镇和城市是另一个国际主题,但这里主要关注新西兰的奥克兰。Ghaffarianhoseini等人提出了一个概念模型来帮助奥克兰实现这一目标。现在有一些争论。建筑使用50%的材料,产生45%的废物。材料科学和材料制造过程的发展将影响设计和施工。使用3D打印的非现场施工节省了时间,浪费和人力,因此隐含的能源更少,同时也减少了现场污染。大麻、稻草和木头等传统材料仍然很重要。例如,混凝土和砖可以通过在其混合物中嵌入石墨烯来减少其蕴含的能量。薄膜涂层如二氧化钛和其他化合物可以显著影响太阳反射率,从而减少冷却负荷。自修复和自清洁材料现在可用。生物材料的使用是在可持续性方面取得重大进展的另一个领域。材料也通过其挥发性化合物的排放影响人们的健康,但它们也对空间的外观和感觉做出了积极的贡献。它们影响声音的分布和质量以及热性能。所有这些问题都是2019年12月3日发布的英国办公室文化协会报告《打造未来工作场所:实现循环经济的材料和方法》的内容,由AKT II的专业人士撰写;数字孪生的应用现在经常出现在新闻中。数字孪生是物理资产的数字表示,并使用来自调查、BIM和其他来源的数据。Emily Ashwell(见《新土木工程师》,2019年12月,38-39页)描述了如何使用4D数字双胞胎来模拟资产随时间的变化并预测其未来行为。这不仅可以减少成本、时间、人力和浪费,还可以减少随着时间的推移而累积的错误风险,伦敦泰晤士河潮汐隧道项目就是一个例子。另一个相关的开发是区块链,它使处理大量数据变得更加容易和高效。简单地说,它是一个项目中所有交易的分类账。一旦创建了记录,就不能在不留下更改证据的情况下更改,从而使欺诈几乎不可能发生。这是一种变革性的技术,可以简化执行过程
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