Pub Date : 2022-04-23DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2065896
Danielle C. Slakoff, Evan C. Douglas, Jason A. Smith
Abstract In 2019, the HBO limited television series Watchmen aired to critical acclaim. A contemporary extension of the world established by the 1986-87 Watchmen comic, viewers and commentators alike have viewed the show as a critical commentary on racial politics in the United States. Using Nexis Uni’s News Database, we conducted an inductive qualitative content analysis of 31 news articles written by mainstream television critics and/or writers about the show. Across reviews, three primary themes emerged—White supremacy, revisionist history (specifically pertaining to the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921), and the power of masks. The role of critics/writers in engaging audiences with themes about race is discussed.
{"title":"White Supremacy, Revisionist History, and Masked Vigilantes: Understanding HBO’s Watchmen through the Eyes of Cultural Critics/Writers in Major Mainstream Newspapers","authors":"Danielle C. Slakoff, Evan C. Douglas, Jason A. Smith","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2065896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2065896","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2019, the HBO limited television series Watchmen aired to critical acclaim. A contemporary extension of the world established by the 1986-87 Watchmen comic, viewers and commentators alike have viewed the show as a critical commentary on racial politics in the United States. Using Nexis Uni’s News Database, we conducted an inductive qualitative content analysis of 31 news articles written by mainstream television critics and/or writers about the show. Across reviews, three primary themes emerged—White supremacy, revisionist history (specifically pertaining to the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921), and the power of masks. The role of critics/writers in engaging audiences with themes about race is discussed.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81369684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2065458
Chrysalis L. Wright, K. Gatlin, D. Acosta, Christopher Taylor
Abstract Our study examined the relationship between media portrayals of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in hard and fake news in varying media modalities (print versus video) and participant attitudes toward African Americans. We also examined sociodemographic factors that may be related to susceptibility of fake news. Participants were primed with either hard or fake news (print or video) prior to completing the online questionnaire. Participants included 385 college students from a large southeastern public university. The findings revealed a direct effect of fake news on attitudes toward African Americans but only if the news was from a printed media modality. Hard news also had a positive impact on participant attitudes if from a printed media modality. These findings may help explain why information learned via fake news is persistent over time. Biological sex and political affiliation were associated with the impact of media priming on participants, with male and Republican participants being more susceptible to the effects of fake news. The results of this study should be helpful to those involved in policy making regarding social media and fake news and are timely considering that the BLM movement is growing stronger and the increase in fake news is ongoing.
{"title":"Portrayals of the Black Lives Matter Movement in Hard and Fake News and Consumer Attitudes Toward African Americans","authors":"Chrysalis L. Wright, K. Gatlin, D. Acosta, Christopher Taylor","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2065458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2065458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our study examined the relationship between media portrayals of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in hard and fake news in varying media modalities (print versus video) and participant attitudes toward African Americans. We also examined sociodemographic factors that may be related to susceptibility of fake news. Participants were primed with either hard or fake news (print or video) prior to completing the online questionnaire. Participants included 385 college students from a large southeastern public university. The findings revealed a direct effect of fake news on attitudes toward African Americans but only if the news was from a printed media modality. Hard news also had a positive impact on participant attitudes if from a printed media modality. These findings may help explain why information learned via fake news is persistent over time. Biological sex and political affiliation were associated with the impact of media priming on participants, with male and Republican participants being more susceptible to the effects of fake news. The results of this study should be helpful to those involved in policy making regarding social media and fake news and are timely considering that the BLM movement is growing stronger and the increase in fake news is ongoing.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77077093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2063702
Dilara Balcı Gülpınar
Abstract In the years between 1956 and 1975, Turkish film production boomed. These two decades were also the very last years in which non-Muslim characters were still appearing in a wide range of productions, and so they offer an important window into the representation of non-Muslims in the Turkish cinema of this period, known as Yeşilçam. This essay explores these representations by analyzing 82 films featuring 121 Turkish Greek, Armenian and Jewish characters. The representation of these non-Muslims is considered through the characters’ importance to the plot, their names, genders, manners, ways of speaking, occupations, families, religious activities, relationships with Turkish Muslim characters, and the stereotypes associated with them. Unsurprisingly, non-Muslim characters often occupy minor, one-dimensional – and sometimes threatening – roles as these films are concerned with the stories of Turkish Muslim characters, who not only comprise the dominant group in society but also the vast majority of the audience. Analysis of the films indicates that representations of non-Muslim characters that originate in traditional Turkish art forms have undergone considerable change in films due to the influence of increasing Turkish nationalism, together with the Turkification policies of the Turkish state.
{"title":"Agop, Salomon and Despina: Content Analysis of Non-Muslim Representations in Yeşilçam Cinema","authors":"Dilara Balcı Gülpınar","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2063702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2063702","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the years between 1956 and 1975, Turkish film production boomed. These two decades were also the very last years in which non-Muslim characters were still appearing in a wide range of productions, and so they offer an important window into the representation of non-Muslims in the Turkish cinema of this period, known as Yeşilçam. This essay explores these representations by analyzing 82 films featuring 121 Turkish Greek, Armenian and Jewish characters. The representation of these non-Muslims is considered through the characters’ importance to the plot, their names, genders, manners, ways of speaking, occupations, families, religious activities, relationships with Turkish Muslim characters, and the stereotypes associated with them. Unsurprisingly, non-Muslim characters often occupy minor, one-dimensional – and sometimes threatening – roles as these films are concerned with the stories of Turkish Muslim characters, who not only comprise the dominant group in society but also the vast majority of the audience. Analysis of the films indicates that representations of non-Muslim characters that originate in traditional Turkish art forms have undergone considerable change in films due to the influence of increasing Turkish nationalism, together with the Turkification policies of the Turkish state.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77246646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2053899
Carolina Velloso
Abstract This paper analyzes representations of Simone Biles in media coverage of two major gymnastics events in 2019. It asks which, if any, gendered and racial stereotypes identified in previous scholarship about media coverage of Black and women athletes are also present in coverage of Biles. It also interrogates in what ways these stereotypes intersect as distinct forms of representation of Biles as a Black woman. Employing the tenets of feminist theory and Black feminist thought through an intersectional lens, a qualitative textual analysis of 34 articles revealed that both gendered and racial stereotypes were present in coverage of Biles. The most prominent stereotypes include feminized emotions, lack of mental fortitude, negative attitudes, and physicality. These intersecting representations underscore the persistence of these stereotypes in contemporary discourse. This paper contributes to, and advances, the literature on media representations of women athletes, Black athletes, and Black women athletes.
{"title":"Angry Gymnastics: Representations of Simone Biles at the 2019 National and World Championships","authors":"Carolina Velloso","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2053899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2053899","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes representations of Simone Biles in media coverage of two major gymnastics events in 2019. It asks which, if any, gendered and racial stereotypes identified in previous scholarship about media coverage of Black and women athletes are also present in coverage of Biles. It also interrogates in what ways these stereotypes intersect as distinct forms of representation of Biles as a Black woman. Employing the tenets of feminist theory and Black feminist thought through an intersectional lens, a qualitative textual analysis of 34 articles revealed that both gendered and racial stereotypes were present in coverage of Biles. The most prominent stereotypes include feminized emotions, lack of mental fortitude, negative attitudes, and physicality. These intersecting representations underscore the persistence of these stereotypes in contemporary discourse. This paper contributes to, and advances, the literature on media representations of women athletes, Black athletes, and Black women athletes.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82379927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2054300
C. Onwumechili
President Donald John Trump served as America’s 45th President for one term, from January 2017 to January 2021, and his tenure was remarkable for incline in overt racism, xenophobia, and other social conflicts. That it ended in one term, given that three Presidents who served before him all served for the maximum two terms defined America’s response to his service. Although Donald Trump was voted out by America, his mark persists and the imprint significant and deep that it may take years for America to recover and move toward civil communication across racial divisions and returning to the era of America as a land accepting immigrants. It is notable that Trump’s presidency will forever be remembered for building a large and lengthy wall designed to keep away immigrants from crossing the Southern border with Mexico while the border in the North was never open to a debate of closure or immigrant restriction. The meaning was, particularly, on the issue of race and it was obvious to many. At the Northern border was a largely Caucasian Canadian population and at the South was the non-Caucasian Mexicans. But the closure or restriction of physical border to the South would pale in its inhumanity to the treatment of children whose parents were separated from them and housed in locations described as concentration camps where they were detained in cages. Vinopal (2019) reports were collateral in Trump’s decision to stop the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program affected 1.2 million persons and that the program would lead to the loss of $4 billion in lost taxes. But beyond xenophobia, with race undertones, are racial upheavals within the country. Therefore, it is unsurprising that this special issue features articles addressing race and immigration, primarily. Donald Trump stoked the racial fire, within the country, via various communication even before he became America’s 45th President. He claimed that the then 44th President Barack Obama was not American, and Trump led the birther campaign against Obama’s Presidency (Kelley-Romano & Carew, 2018/19). Wilkie (2020) of the CNBC reported President Trump’s blistering attack of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement for highlighting police killing of African Americans across the country. According to Isom et al. (2021); Trump frequently employed the trope of “White victim” in attacking the BLM. They conclude that “The mitigating effects of Trump support and patriarchal gender normative beliefs suggest holding such sentiments likely normalizes perceived ‘victimhood’ and anti-BLM sentiments.”
唐纳德·约翰·特朗普总统是美国第45任总统，任期为2017年1月至2021年1月，他的任期因公开的种族主义、仇外心理和其他社会冲突而引人注目。考虑到在他之前的三位总统都担任了最长的两届任期，这就决定了美国对他的服务的回应。尽管唐纳德·特朗普被美国人民投票淘汰，但他留下的印记依然存在，而且影响深远，以至于美国可能需要数年时间才能恢复元气，走向跨越种族分歧的文明交流，回到美国作为一个接受移民的国家的时代。值得注意的是，特朗普的总统任期将永远被人们记住，因为他修建了一堵又大又长的墙，旨在阻止移民越过南部与墨西哥的边境，而北部边境从未开放过关于关闭或限制移民的辩论。这句话的意思，特别是在种族问题上，对许多人来说是显而易见的。北部边境主要是加拿大白种人，南部是非白种人墨西哥人。但是，关闭或限制通往南方的实体边界，与对待那些父母与他们分离、被关在集中营、被关在笼子里的儿童相比，就显得不那么不人道了。Vinopal(2019)的报告是特朗普决定停止影响120万人的“儿童入境暂缓遣返”(DACA)计划的附带条件，该计划将导致40亿美元的税收损失。但在带有种族色彩的仇外心理之外，是这个国家内部的种族动荡。因此，这期特刊的文章主要讨论种族和移民问题也就不足为奇了。唐纳德·特朗普甚至在成为美国第45任总统之前，就通过各种沟通在国内煽动种族之火。他声称当时的第44任总统巴拉克·奥巴马不是美国人，特朗普领导了反对奥巴马总统任期的出生地运动(Kelley-Romano & Carew, 2018/19)。美国全国广播公司CNBC的威尔基(2020年)报道说，美国总统特朗普猛烈抨击“黑人的命也是命”运动，指责警察在全国范围内杀害非洲裔美国人。根据Isom et al. (2021);特朗普在攻击BLM时经常使用“白人受害者”的比喻。他们得出结论:“特朗普的支持和父权性别规范信念的缓解作用表明，持有这种情绪可能会使感知到的‘受害者’和反blm情绪正常化。”
{"title":"Donald Trump’s America: Communicating the Seeds of Racism, Xenophobia, & Persistent Conflict","authors":"C. Onwumechili","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2054300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2054300","url":null,"abstract":"President Donald John Trump served as America’s 45th President for one term, from January 2017 to January 2021, and his tenure was remarkable for incline in overt racism, xenophobia, and other social conflicts. That it ended in one term, given that three Presidents who served before him all served for the maximum two terms defined America’s response to his service. Although Donald Trump was voted out by America, his mark persists and the imprint significant and deep that it may take years for America to recover and move toward civil communication across racial divisions and returning to the era of America as a land accepting immigrants. It is notable that Trump’s presidency will forever be remembered for building a large and lengthy wall designed to keep away immigrants from crossing the Southern border with Mexico while the border in the North was never open to a debate of closure or immigrant restriction. The meaning was, particularly, on the issue of race and it was obvious to many. At the Northern border was a largely Caucasian Canadian population and at the South was the non-Caucasian Mexicans. But the closure or restriction of physical border to the South would pale in its inhumanity to the treatment of children whose parents were separated from them and housed in locations described as concentration camps where they were detained in cages. Vinopal (2019) reports were collateral in Trump’s decision to stop the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program affected 1.2 million persons and that the program would lead to the loss of $4 billion in lost taxes. But beyond xenophobia, with race undertones, are racial upheavals within the country. Therefore, it is unsurprising that this special issue features articles addressing race and immigration, primarily. Donald Trump stoked the racial fire, within the country, via various communication even before he became America’s 45th President. He claimed that the then 44th President Barack Obama was not American, and Trump led the birther campaign against Obama’s Presidency (Kelley-Romano & Carew, 2018/19). Wilkie (2020) of the CNBC reported President Trump’s blistering attack of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement for highlighting police killing of African Americans across the country. According to Isom et al. (2021); Trump frequently employed the trope of “White victim” in attacking the BLM. They conclude that “The mitigating effects of Trump support and patriarchal gender normative beliefs suggest holding such sentiments likely normalizes perceived ‘victimhood’ and anti-BLM sentiments.”","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87676828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2033650
Arthur D. Soto-Vásquez, Eduardo Gonzalez
Abstract This study assesses how the “not a monolith” narrative in U.S. journalism after the 2020 presidential election serves to further shape the Latina/o/x electorate into a politically marketable category. This study employs a qualitative content analysis of 159 media texts produced in the first two weeks after Election Day. We find that the contradictions inherent in the construction of Latina/o/x voters—such as class, racial, and regional differences—are reconciled through revising old media narratives, like the “sleeping giant” metaphor, and the inclusion of Latina/o/x voters into other metaphors, like the “blue wall.” In addition, a host of rationales drawn from racialized aspects of Latina/o/x history and culture, like religion, machismo, and anti-socialism, are used to explain voting behavior. Finally, new narratives emerged around Latina/o/x voters not being owned by the Democratic Party, which we view as disciplining.
{"title":"“Not a Monolith!” Media Narratives of the Latina/o/x Vote after the 2020 U.S. Election","authors":"Arthur D. Soto-Vásquez, Eduardo Gonzalez","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2033650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2033650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study assesses how the “not a monolith” narrative in U.S. journalism after the 2020 presidential election serves to further shape the Latina/o/x electorate into a politically marketable category. This study employs a qualitative content analysis of 159 media texts produced in the first two weeks after Election Day. We find that the contradictions inherent in the construction of Latina/o/x voters—such as class, racial, and regional differences—are reconciled through revising old media narratives, like the “sleeping giant” metaphor, and the inclusion of Latina/o/x voters into other metaphors, like the “blue wall.” In addition, a host of rationales drawn from racialized aspects of Latina/o/x history and culture, like religion, machismo, and anti-socialism, are used to explain voting behavior. Finally, new narratives emerged around Latina/o/x voters not being owned by the Democratic Party, which we view as disciplining.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84427768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2027296
S. Kim, Hyoyeun Jun
Abstract News consumption enhances the contact experience for first-generation immigrants and sojourners in their acculturation to the host culture. Using acculturation theory, this study explores interdisciplinary concepts related to understanding immigrants’ and sojourners’ believability evaluation of disinformation. The authors conducted an online experiment to examine the believability of disinformation by asking immigrants and sojourners (N = 71) to discern online news stories without disinformation from online stories containing disinformation. The present study found that first-generation immigrants and sojourners with higher levels of perceived English language proficiency, longer length of stays in the U.S., and greater US news consumption are more likely to demonstrate higher news IQ, which leads to less believability of disinformation. Although news plays a critical role in understanding current events and issues pertinent to individuals’ day-to-day lives, communities, societies, and governments, immigrants and sojourners are largely marginalized populations as news consumers. As foreign-born residents make up close to 14% of the U.S. population, this study will provide meaningful insights. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2027296
{"title":"First-Generation Immigrants’ and Sojourners’ Believability Evaluation of Disinformation","authors":"S. Kim, Hyoyeun Jun","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2027296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2027296","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract News consumption enhances the contact experience for first-generation immigrants and sojourners in their acculturation to the host culture. Using acculturation theory, this study explores interdisciplinary concepts related to understanding immigrants’ and sojourners’ believability evaluation of disinformation. The authors conducted an online experiment to examine the believability of disinformation by asking immigrants and sojourners (N = 71) to discern online news stories without disinformation from online stories containing disinformation. The present study found that first-generation immigrants and sojourners with higher levels of perceived English language proficiency, longer length of stays in the U.S., and greater US news consumption are more likely to demonstrate higher news IQ, which leads to less believability of disinformation. Although news plays a critical role in understanding current events and issues pertinent to individuals’ day-to-day lives, communities, societies, and governments, immigrants and sojourners are largely marginalized populations as news consumers. As foreign-born residents make up close to 14% of the U.S. population, this study will provide meaningful insights. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2027296","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82340455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-06DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2032884
B. M. Jenkins, Emily M. Cramer
Abstract Framing the screenshot as a tiny-but-mighty tool for digital sousveillance, this case study explores the use of screenshots in online social justice movements, specifically those dedicated to identifying and eradicating systemic racism. Using one antiracism-focused Twitter account as a single case for analysis, we examined how social justice advocates may use the screenshot to “watch from below.” Grounded theory qualitative analysis of 228 screenshots posted to the Racism Watchdog account (@RacismDog) between June 2019 and June 2020 revealed that screenshots offer a means to capture and call attention to injustices in online spaces. Equipping users with the ability to select and frame content appearing onscreen, screenshots also allow users to emphasize portions of racist comments, incorporate information to support an argument, juxtapose bits of information to highlight rhetorical contradictions, and occasionally to bring levity to those engaged in online activism. We discuss the screenshot as an effective, visually persuasive tool in online sousveillance.
{"title":"Capturing Injustice: The Screenshot as a Tool for Sousveillance","authors":"B. M. Jenkins, Emily M. Cramer","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2032884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2032884","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Framing the screenshot as a tiny-but-mighty tool for digital sousveillance, this case study explores the use of screenshots in online social justice movements, specifically those dedicated to identifying and eradicating systemic racism. Using one antiracism-focused Twitter account as a single case for analysis, we examined how social justice advocates may use the screenshot to “watch from below.” Grounded theory qualitative analysis of 228 screenshots posted to the Racism Watchdog account (@RacismDog) between June 2019 and June 2020 revealed that screenshots offer a means to capture and call attention to injustices in online spaces. Equipping users with the ability to select and frame content appearing onscreen, screenshots also allow users to emphasize portions of racist comments, incorporate information to support an argument, juxtapose bits of information to highlight rhetorical contradictions, and occasionally to bring levity to those engaged in online activism. We discuss the screenshot as an effective, visually persuasive tool in online sousveillance.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87392576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2033651
M. Conradie
Abstract Critical whiteness studies (CWS) holds that challenging systemic racism in higher education must include scholarly attention to the everyday conditions under which students engage and produce knowledge about racism. This study examines the context of tutorials on postcolonial literature in a historically-white South African Department of English. Using individual interviews with contractually-employed Tutors, I map how these Tutors assign meaning to discomforting experiences and how they manage their own intersectional subjectivities while engaging undergraduates on systemic racism via postcolonial literature. Specifically, many students attempted to explore marginalization by grounding their essays in lived experiences of material deprivation. How Tutors’ responses might be read within CWS is a core concern of this article.
批判性白人研究(Critical white studies, CWS)认为，挑战高等教育中的系统性种族主义必须包括对学生参与和产生种族主义知识的日常条件的学术关注。本研究考察了在历史上白人南非英语系的后殖民文学教程的背景。通过对合同雇佣导师的个人访谈，我描绘了这些导师如何赋予令人不安的经历以意义，以及他们如何管理自己的交叉主体性，同时通过后殖民文学吸引本科生参与系统性种族主义。具体来说，许多学生试图通过将他们的文章建立在物质剥夺的生活经历上来探索边缘化。如何在CWS中解读导师的回答是本文的核心关注点。
{"title":"Scales Off My Eyes: Tutors Teaching about Racism at a South African University","authors":"M. Conradie","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2033651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2033651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Critical whiteness studies (CWS) holds that challenging systemic racism in higher education must include scholarly attention to the everyday conditions under which students engage and produce knowledge about racism. This study examines the context of tutorials on postcolonial literature in a historically-white South African Department of English. Using individual interviews with contractually-employed Tutors, I map how these Tutors assign meaning to discomforting experiences and how they manage their own intersectional subjectivities while engaging undergraduates on systemic racism via postcolonial literature. Specifically, many students attempted to explore marginalization by grounding their essays in lived experiences of material deprivation. How Tutors’ responses might be read within CWS is a core concern of this article.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81863914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2027297
Adrianne Grubic
Abstract The media portrayals of sportswomen especially Black and Muslim women tend to be monolithic, focusing only on oppression of the body and the barriers they face for entry into sport. Using the fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad as a case study, with an eye toward transnational feminism, this multimodal discourse analysis study found her social media representation provides complex insight into what it means to Black, Muslim, and a woman in a traditionally white and elitist sport. Muhammad seems to typify the many contradictory images one associates with white, Western sportswomen on social media; combining empowerment and commodification while leaving out one of the main visages often epitomized with it, the sexualization of the sportswomen form. As more scholars study sportswomen’s presence on social media and their activism, how athletes use these digital spaces to construct their identity is sure to have implications for how researchers also study collegiate athletes’ use of marketing and branding in the new era of name, image, and likeness. As Muhammad shows, sportswomen who historically have been exploited by the big business of sport because they are Black or Muslim, can now be assured a space for economic empowerment.
{"title":"Proud: Examining the Social Media Representation of Ibtihaj Muhammad","authors":"Adrianne Grubic","doi":"10.1080/10646175.2022.2027297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2022.2027297","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The media portrayals of sportswomen especially Black and Muslim women tend to be monolithic, focusing only on oppression of the body and the barriers they face for entry into sport. Using the fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad as a case study, with an eye toward transnational feminism, this multimodal discourse analysis study found her social media representation provides complex insight into what it means to Black, Muslim, and a woman in a traditionally white and elitist sport. Muhammad seems to typify the many contradictory images one associates with white, Western sportswomen on social media; combining empowerment and commodification while leaving out one of the main visages often epitomized with it, the sexualization of the sportswomen form. As more scholars study sportswomen’s presence on social media and their activism, how athletes use these digital spaces to construct their identity is sure to have implications for how researchers also study collegiate athletes’ use of marketing and branding in the new era of name, image, and likeness. As Muhammad shows, sportswomen who historically have been exploited by the big business of sport because they are Black or Muslim, can now be assured a space for economic empowerment.","PeriodicalId":45915,"journal":{"name":"Howard Journal of Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87350318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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