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Twitter and the Faces of Whiteness: Investigating Official Responses to the Death of George Floyd 推特和白人的面孔:调查官方对乔治·弗洛伊德之死的反应
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2116299
Megan M. Lambertz-Berndt, Bethany Anne Conway, Erica R. Goynes
Abstract Republican politicians unabashedly condemn the use of critical race theory (CRT) as a pedagogical framework for educators. While most Democrats have quickly come to the defense of CRT, even they are socialized through White supremacist practices. Connecting CRT to the theory of impression management, this paper reveals how Minnesota politicians (both Republicans and Democrats) and government officials used Twitter during a pivotal time in U.S. history—the murder of George Floyd. Examining these theories in relation to the faces of whiteness, we reveal how language of support by government officials and Republican and Democrat politicians may perpetuate White supremacy in overt and camouflaged ways.
共和党政治家们毫不掩饰地谴责使用批判种族理论(CRT)作为教育工作者的教学框架。虽然大多数民主党人很快就开始为CRT辩护,但即使是他们也被白人至上主义者的做法社会化了。本文将CRT与印象管理理论联系起来,揭示了明尼苏达州政客(共和党和民主党)和政府官员在美国历史上的关键时期——乔治·弗洛伊德谋杀案——是如何使用Twitter的。将这些理论与白人面孔的关系进行检验,我们揭示了政府官员、共和党和民主党政客的支持语言如何以公开和伪装的方式使白人至上主义永久化。
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引用次数: 0
Counterpublics and Hegemonic Ideology: Responses to Donald Trump’s Post-Hurricane Imperial Condescension toward Puerto Rico on Twitter 反公众和霸权意识形态:对唐纳德·特朗普飓风后在Twitter上对波多黎各的帝国优越感的回应
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2108355
Eduard Fabregat, Farooq A. Kperogi
Abstract In April 2019, Trump criticized Puerto Rican politicians on Twitter for receiving $91 billion in aid from Washington and said Puerto Rico was taking money from the U.S. Even though Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens, their political status is the result of a series of colonial policies that ensured an important degree of U.S. political control over their island. Combining topic modeling and network analysis of 8,256 tweets on Puerto Rico between March 29 and April 8, 2019, we examine the reactions to Trump’s tweets and study the discourses, contestations, and counter-hegemonic rhetorical articulations that attended the tweets. Most responses to the tweets allowed for the creation of a counterpublic space that challenged Trump’s depiction of Puerto Rico. However, these responses also reproduced the unexamined hegemonic colonial ideology at the heart of Puerto Rico’s unequal relationship with the US. We argue that by failing to acknowledge the colonial entrapment that defines Puerto Rico’s relationship with the United States, even the counterpublic discourses against Trump’s rhetoric unwittingly reinforce the colonial relationship.
2019年4月,特朗普在推特上批评波多黎各政客接受美国910亿美元援助,称波多黎各从美国拿钱。尽管波多黎各人是美国公民,但他们的政治地位是一系列殖民政策的结果,这些政策确保了美国对波多黎各的重要政治控制。结合2019年3月29日至4月8日期间波多黎各的8256条推文的主题建模和网络分析,我们研究了对特朗普推文的反应,并研究了推文中的话语、争论和反霸权修辞表达。对这些推文的大多数回应都允许创建一个反公共空间,挑战特朗普对波多黎各的描述。然而,这些反应也再现了波多黎各与美国不平等关系核心的未经检验的霸权殖民意识形态。我们认为,由于没有承认界定波多黎各与美国关系的殖民陷阱,即使是反对特朗普言论的反公共话语也无意中加强了殖民关系。
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引用次数: 0
Asian Americans’ Lived Experiences with and Perceptions of Social Stigma during COVID-19 亚裔美国人在2019冠状病毒病期间对社会耻辱的经历和看法
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2106168
Monica L. Ponder, J. Uddin, Wei Sun
Abstract It has been well documented that Asian Americans have experienced increased social stigmatization related to COVID-19 since Donald Trump began referring to the virus as the “Chinese virus” and “kung flu” in March 2020. Stigma has negative social and health impacts on minority communities, such as labeling, avoiding, shame, disgust, and social exclusion. The health impacts include both physical and mental illness, and the acceleration of health disparities. This study seeks to understand these lived experiences and subsequent coping strategies. Using focus groups, 17 Asian American participants were interviewed to understand their experiences with stigmatization during the pandemic. The findings reveal that stigmatized behavior and attitudes of others did not deter Asian Americans from following the COVID-19 related health guidelines, likely because perceived health threats were high. Consumer behaviors of Asian Americans also changed dramatically toward buying almost everything online (due to both the pandemic and personal safety). This behavioral decisioning provides insights into the complex motivations for adopting health behaviors, and, in this case, social distancing can double as a means by which to avoid people, for fear of becoming victims of stigmatization in public areas.
自2020年3月唐纳德·特朗普开始将新冠病毒称为“中国病毒”和“kung flu”以来,亚裔美国人因新冠病毒而遭受的社会污名化有所增加。污名对少数群体具有负面的社会和健康影响,如标签、回避、羞耻、厌恶和社会排斥。对健康的影响包括身体和精神疾病,以及健康差距的加速。本研究旨在了解这些生活经历和随后的应对策略。通过焦点小组,对17名亚裔美国人参与者进行了采访,以了解他们在大流行期间被污名化的经历。研究结果显示,他人的污名化行为和态度并没有阻止亚裔美国人遵循与COVID-19相关的健康指南,这可能是因为他们认为健康威胁很高。亚裔美国人的消费行为也发生了巨大变化,几乎所有东西都在网上购买(由于疫情和个人安全)。这种行为决策提供了对采取健康行为的复杂动机的见解,在这种情况下,社交距离可以同时作为避免与人接触的一种手段,因为害怕在公共场所成为污名化的受害者。
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引用次数: 1
Mythologizing Madiba: Myth, Resistance, and the Globalized Post-Presidency in Barack Obama’s Nelson Mandela Lecture Series Address 神话化马迪巴:神话、抵抗和全球化后总统时代——巴拉克·奥巴马的纳尔逊·曼德拉系列演讲
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-23 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2101163
Christoph Wernecke
Abstract In his first major post-presidential public address, President Barack Obama spoke at the 2018 Nelson Mandela Lecture Series in Johannesburg, South Africa. In this address, Obama lent the weight of the rhetorical post-presidency to further mythologize the late South African leader, helping to transform him into the mythic “Madiba,” the embodiment of resistance, progress, and perseverance for all of humankind. Set against the backdrop of a resurgent, globalized, and racist right-wing populist movement, this essay explores how Obama helped magnify this mythic version of Mandela to inspire resistance through the three basic elements that structure mythic rhetoric: the universe, the protagonist, and the narrative lesson. This essay also reinvigorates the study of post-presidential public address through an emphasis on the institutional and rhetorical power of the modern post-presidency and its evolving global reach. Finally, this essay contemplates the role mythic rhetoric can play in advancing and solidifying anti-racist practices, beliefs, and structures, and ultimately positions modern mythic discourse as a helpful catalyst for the continuation of resistance through rhetoric.
在南非约翰内斯堡举行的2018年纳尔逊·曼德拉系列讲座上,美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马发表了他卸任后的首次重要公开演讲。在这次演讲中,奥巴马运用了离任后的修辞手法,进一步将这位已故南非领导人神化,帮助他成为神话中的“马迪巴”,全人类抵抗、进步和坚持不懈的化身。在复兴的、全球化的、种族主义的右翼民粹主义运动的背景下,本文探讨了奥巴马是如何通过构建神话修辞的三个基本要素——宇宙、主角和叙事教训——来帮助放大这个神话版本的曼德拉,激发人们的反抗。本文还通过强调现代后总统时代的制度和修辞力量及其不断发展的全球影响力,重振了对后总统时代公共演讲的研究。最后,本文思考了神话修辞在推进和巩固反种族主义实践、信仰和结构方面所起的作用,并最终将现代神话话语定位为通过修辞继续抵抗的有益催化剂。
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引用次数: 0
“Learning English is the Single Most Important Thing”: A Qualitative Analysis of the Linguistic Acquisition of Latino Minor League Baseball Players “学习英语是唯一最重要的事情”:拉丁裔小联盟棒球运动员语言习得的定性分析
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2099771
Patrick C. Gentile
Abstract This article seeks to understand how Latino Minor League Baseball (MiLB) players acculturate linguistically to life in the United States (US) while playing in the US South. To better understand how they acquire a knowledge of English, 24 current Latino MiLB players and one coach, who was also a former player, were interviewed. Questions were asked about their understanding of English, when they began learning English, and how they communicate with players and coaches from the US. It was found that knowing English is the most important way for players to acculturate to this new cultural environment and this was found through two main themes: the majority of acculturation is learning English and informal learning through baseball.
摘要本文旨在了解拉丁裔美国职业棒球小联盟(MiLB)球员在美国南部打球时如何在语言上适应美国的生活。为了更好地了解他们是如何获得英语知识的,我们采访了24名现任拉丁裔美国职业棒球大联盟球员和一名前球员教练。这些问题包括他们对英语的理解程度,他们什么时候开始学习英语,以及他们如何与来自美国的球员和教练交流。研究发现,了解英语是球员适应这种新文化环境的最重要方式,这是通过两个主要主题发现的:大部分文化适应是学习英语和通过棒球进行非正式学习。
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引用次数: 0
Campus Integration and Campus Climate at a Predominantly White Institution in the South 南方一所以白人为主的大学的校园融合和校园氛围
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2098082
Sachiyo M. Shearman, Aysel Morin, Adrienne F. Muldrow
Abstract Decades after Brown v. Board of Education, the tide has reversed back to school resegregation. Given the racial tensions, reports of racial microaggressions, and a resurgence of hate crimes on campus, the current study investigated the college students’ perception of campus climate and racial integration. In a predominantly White institution (PWI) in the Southern United States, we examined students’ ethnic identity, perceived interracial climate, significant others’ disapproval of interracial integration, and attitude and behavior toward interracial integration. Students of color (SOC) reported significantly higher ratio of interracial friends and a significantly more positive attitude toward interracial dating. SOC and White students indicated similar views on interdependence and supportive norms on campus, but not on equality and association. A significant interaction effect suggests that SOC are more likely to be impacted by racial school climate than White students. Additionally, White students perceived significantly higher disapproval by their significant others, thus impacting White students’ attitudes toward interracial integration more than SOC. The different patterns of behaviors and perspectives reported by the SOC and White students on campus climate and interracial integration in this current study illustrate the challenges that students of different racial and ethnic backgrounds face on campus. The importance of and the ideas for promoting an equal and fair school climate is discussed.
在布朗诉教育委员会案几十年后,学校重新种族隔离的趋势已经逆转。鉴于种族紧张局势、种族微侵犯报告和校园仇恨犯罪的复苏,本研究调查了大学生对校园气候和种族融合的看法。在美国南部一所以白人为主的大学(PWI)中,我们调查了学生的种族认同、感知的种族间气候、重要他人对种族间融合的反对以及对种族间融合的态度和行为。有色人种学生(SOC)的跨种族朋友比例明显更高,对跨种族约会的态度也明显更积极。黑人学生和白人学生对校园相互依存和支持规范的看法相似,但对平等和联系的看法不同。显著的交互效应表明,不同种族的学校氛围更容易影响黑人学生的SOC。此外,白人学生对其重要他人的不赞成感显著高于SOC,因此对白人学生对种族融合的态度的影响大于SOC。本研究中黑人和白人学生对校园气候和种族融合的不同行为模式和观点说明了不同种族和民族背景的学生在校园面临的挑战。讨论了促进平等、公平的校园氛围的重要性和思路。
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引用次数: 0
Perpetual and Pleasurable Marginality: White Masculine Victimhood Appropriation and Black Masculine Sacrifice in Marvel’s Netflix Series The Punisher 永恒而愉悦的边缘化:漫威Netflix系列《惩罚者》中白人男性受害者的占有和黑人男性的牺牲
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2090032
Linsay M. Cramer, Gabriel A. Cruz, Andrew R. Donofrio
Abstract Using Casey Ryan Kelly’s theorization of White masculine victimhood and Claire Sisco King’s conceptualization of abject hegemony, this manuscript rhetorically examines the 2017–2019 Netflix series, Marvel’s The Punisher, and its surrounding discourse. The analysis reveals an emotional-moral framework of White masculinity that thrives on and finds pleasure in an unending, inhumane, and cruel treatment of racial and gender Others, while investing in one’s own perpetual claims to victimization and disposability. Furthermore, abject constructions of White victimization and ressentiment subjugate and depend upon Black masculinity to sustain its abject hegemony, thereby extending current understandings of White masculine victimization and Black masculine subservience to whiteness in film and television.
本文运用凯西·瑞恩·凯利关于白人男性受害者的理论和克莱尔·西斯科·金关于卑鄙霸权的概念,对2017-2019年Netflix电视剧、漫威的《惩罚者》及其相关话语进行了修辞学研究。分析揭示了白人男子气概的情感道德框架,这种男性气概在对种族和性别的其他人无休止的、不人道的、残酷的对待中茁壮成长,并从中找到乐趣,同时投资于自己永远声称的受害者和可处置性。此外,白人受害和怨恨的卑贱建构征服并依赖黑人男性来维持其卑贱的霸权,从而扩展了目前对电影和电视中白人男性受害和黑人男性屈从于白人的理解。
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引用次数: 2
“Well, He Is Paid to Be Violent…”: How Athlete Identity Alters Perceptions of Domestic Violence Incidents “嗯,他是被雇来暴力的……”:运动员身份如何改变人们对家庭暴力事件的看法
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2073188
Kenon A. Brown, A. Billings, Melvin Lewis, Leigh Moscowitz
Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine if perceptions of violence related to race, gender and sport will impact audience reactions to domestic violence issues involving an athlete. Specifically, this study will examine how these elements of an athlete’s identity could affect his/her perceived image when faced with domestic violence accusations. A 3 (perceived race) X 2 (gender) X 2 (sport) factorial experiment was conducted using a national convenience sample of 626 participants from Qualtrics Panels. Results provided evidence that an athlete’s race and gender could have an impact on their perception during domestic violence cases, with the male athlete (regardless of the race of the athlete) and the White athlete (regardless of the gender of the athlete) facing more negative perceptions. Furthermore, the violent nature of the sport did not have an impact on the perceptions of the athlete. This study provides further evidence about the role that gender and race play in how domestic violence is perceived during criminal transgressions.
摘要本研究的目的是确定与种族、性别和体育相关的暴力观念是否会影响观众对涉及运动员的家庭暴力问题的反应。具体而言,本研究将研究运动员身份的这些元素如何在面对家庭暴力指控时影响他/她的感知形象。一个3(感知种族)x2(性别)x2(运动)的析因实验使用来自Qualtrics panel的626名全国方便样本进行。结果表明,运动员的种族和性别可能会影响他们在家庭暴力案件中的感知,男性运动员(无论运动员的种族)和白人运动员(无论运动员的性别)面临更多的负面感知。此外,这项运动的暴力性质并没有对运动员的看法产生影响。这项研究提供了进一步的证据,证明性别和种族在刑事犯罪中如何看待家庭暴力中所起的作用。
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引用次数: 1
“An Injury like Any Other”: Counter Story, Mental Health Discourse, and Liz Cambage “像任何其他的伤害”:反故事,心理健康话语,和莉兹·坎贝奇
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2063041
Katherine L. Lavelle
Abstract Recently, more elite athletes have publicly disclosed their mental health experiences in a variety of media texts. In 2019, Australian WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association) player Liz Cambage, who self-identifies as biracial, revealed her experiences with depression, anxiety, substance abuse and panic attacks that have interrupted her professional career multiple times. For communication studies scholars, Cambage’s discourse, we must examine it because Black women are frequently encouraged to compartmentalize their emotions and mental health stressors instead of expressing them. It is critical to examine this discourse for WNBA players who spend most of their time away from home as they participate in multiple professional leagues every year. Using Critical Race Theory, specifically the concept of a counter story, this essay argues that Cambage’s mediated mental health disclosures function as resistance to stereotypes about Black women and mental health.
近年来,越来越多的优秀运动员在各种媒体文本中公开披露自己的心理健康经历。2019年,自认为是混血儿的澳大利亚女子篮球协会(WNBA)球员利兹·坎贝奇(Liz Cambage)透露了她的抑郁、焦虑、药物滥用和恐慌发作的经历,这些经历多次中断了她的职业生涯。对于传播学学者来说,Cambage的话语,我们必须检查它,因为黑人女性经常被鼓励将她们的情绪和心理健康压力因素区分开来,而不是表达出来。对于每年参加多个职业联赛的WNBA球员来说,检查这些话语是至关重要的。运用批判种族理论,特别是反故事的概念,本文认为Cambage的中介心理健康披露是对黑人妇女和心理健康的刻板印象的抵抗。
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引用次数: 3
White Supremacy, Revisionist History, and Masked Vigilantes: Understanding HBO’s Watchmen through the Eyes of Cultural Critics/Writers in Major Mainstream Newspapers 白人至上主义、修正主义历史和蒙面义警:从主流报纸的文化评论家/作家的角度理解HBO的《守望者》
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-23 DOI: 10.1080/10646175.2022.2065896
Danielle C. Slakoff, Evan C. Douglas, Jason A. Smith
Abstract In 2019, the HBO limited television series Watchmen aired to critical acclaim. A contemporary extension of the world established by the 1986-87 Watchmen comic, viewers and commentators alike have viewed the show as a critical commentary on racial politics in the United States. Using Nexis Uni’s News Database, we conducted an inductive qualitative content analysis of 31 news articles written by mainstream television critics and/or writers about the show. Across reviews, three primary themes emerged—White supremacy, revisionist history (specifically pertaining to the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921), and the power of masks. The role of critics/writers in engaging audiences with themes about race is discussed.
2019年,HBO有限电视剧《守望者》播出,获得了评论界的好评。1986年至1987年的《守望者》(Watchmen)漫画确立了世界的当代延伸,观众和评论员都将该剧视为对美国种族政治的批判性评论。使用Nexis Uni的新闻数据库,我们对31篇由主流电视评论家和/或作家撰写的关于该剧的新闻文章进行了归纳定性的内容分析。在各种评论中,出现了三个主要主题——白人至上主义、修正主义历史(特别是与1921年塔尔萨种族大屠杀有关的历史)和面具的力量。讨论了评论家/作家在吸引观众关注种族主题方面的作用。
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引用次数: 1
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Howard Journal of Communications
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