Afer years of cuts, Canada’s refugee health-care program, the Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP), was fully restored in 2016. In this exploratory study, eleven semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with refugee service providers in the City of Ottawa to learn about their experience with the restored IFHP to date. Five themes emerged from the interviews: service provision challenges during the years of IFHP cuts; support for IFHP restoration; entitlement gaps in the current IFHP; ongoing confusion about the IFHP; and administrative barriers deterring health professionals from IFHP participation. More research is needed to determine whether the identifed challenges with the reinstated IFHP arise on a national scale.
{"title":"“A Legacy of Confusion”: An Exploratory Study of Service Provision under the Reinstated Interim Federal Health Program","authors":"Y. Y. B. Chen, V. Gruben, J. Liew","doi":"10.7202/1055580AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055580AR","url":null,"abstract":"Afer years of cuts, Canada’s refugee health-care program, the Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP), was fully restored in 2016. In this exploratory study, eleven semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with refugee service providers in the City of Ottawa to learn about their experience with the restored IFHP to date. Five themes emerged from the interviews: service provision challenges during the years of IFHP cuts; support for IFHP restoration; entitlement gaps in the current IFHP; ongoing confusion about the IFHP; and administrative barriers deterring health professionals from IFHP participation. More research is needed to determine whether the identifed challenges with the reinstated IFHP arise on a national scale.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90863898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many states have responded to mass influxes of refugees fleeing generalized violence and war by setting up ad hoc and/or temporary protection regimes. These regimes have had various degrees of success, depending particularly on the length of stay of the refugees. This article will compare the approach of states to three separate refugee influxes—Kuwaiti refugees in the Gulf, Bosnian refugees in Germany, and Syrian refugees in Turkey—and will argue that efforts to harmonize temporary protection measures are desirable, but given that these situations tend to be prolonged, there must be greater responsibility sharing between states, in order to lead to greater integration of refugees in the host states.
{"title":"Temporary Protection Regimes and Refugees: What Works? Comparing the Kuwaiti, Bosnian, and Syrian Refugee Protection Regimes","authors":"Jinan Bastaki","doi":"10.7202/1055578AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055578AR","url":null,"abstract":"Many states have responded to mass influxes of refugees fleeing generalized violence and war by setting up ad hoc and/or temporary protection regimes. These regimes have had various degrees of success, depending particularly on the length of stay of the refugees. This article will compare the approach of states to three separate refugee influxes—Kuwaiti refugees in the Gulf, Bosnian refugees in Germany, and Syrian refugees in Turkey—and will argue that efforts to harmonize temporary protection measures are desirable, but given that these situations tend to be prolonged, there must be greater responsibility sharing between states, in order to lead to greater integration of refugees in the host states.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84607039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In mid-2007 the Nahr al-Bared refugee camp near Tripoli was destroyed by the Lebanese Army battling an insurgent Islamist group, Fatah al-Islam. Displacing about 30,000 Palestinian refugees, it was one of the largest internal battles in post–civil war Lebanon. A decade later, the camp has yet to be fully rebuilt; indeed, reconstruction has been slow, confictual, and underfunded. Rebuilding the camp has been contested and delayed by political opposition, funding shortfalls, and complex ownership of land and property. About half of the displaced families have been able to return, the remainder are internally displaced, living temporarily in other camps or rented apartments. This article analyzes the slow-paced reconstruction of the Nahr al-Bared camp and especially what can be learnt from rehousing refugees in a militarized space of exception.
{"title":"Decade of Despair: The Contested Rebuilding of the Nahr al-Bared Refugee Camp, Lebanon, 2007–2017","authors":"A. Knudsen","doi":"10.7202/1055584ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055584ar","url":null,"abstract":"In mid-2007 the Nahr al-Bared refugee camp near Tripoli was destroyed by the Lebanese Army battling an insurgent Islamist group, Fatah al-Islam. Displacing about 30,000 Palestinian refugees, it was one of the largest internal battles in post–civil war Lebanon. A decade later, the camp has yet to be fully rebuilt; indeed, reconstruction has been slow, confictual, and underfunded. Rebuilding the camp has been contested and delayed by political opposition, funding shortfalls, and complex ownership of land and property. About half of the displaced families have been able to return, the remainder are internally displaced, living temporarily in other camps or rented apartments. This article analyzes the slow-paced reconstruction of the Nahr al-Bared camp and especially what can be learnt from rehousing refugees in a militarized space of exception.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82817608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 1957 Canada’s Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) has provided health-care coverage to refugee populations. However, from June 2012 to April 2016 the program was drastically revised in ways that restricted or denied access to health-care coverage, specifically to refugee claimants—persons who have fed their country and made an asylum claim in another country. One of the main intentions of the revision was to protect the integrity of Canada’s humanitarian refugee determination system. However, this had a major unintended consequence: within everyday healthcare places like walk-in clinics, doctor’s offices, and hospitals, IFHP recipients were denied access to services, regardless of actual levels of coverage. In this article I analyze how these program restrictions were experienced within Toronto’s everyday health-care places through the concept of irregularization. I discuss how the IFHP, as a humanitarian health-care program, problematizes the presence of refugee claimants in ways that created experiences of vulnerability, insecurity, and anxiety. Building on this view, I conclude with a discussion of how activists who sought to draw attention to the experiences of refugee claimants in the aftermath of the IFHP revisions closed of truly transformative pathways toward social justice.
{"title":"In the Name of Humanitarianism: The Interim Federal Health Program and the Irregularization of Refugee Claimants","authors":"Laura Connoy","doi":"10.7202/1055577AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055577AR","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1957 Canada’s Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) has provided health-care coverage to refugee populations. However, from June 2012 to April 2016 the program was drastically revised in ways that restricted or denied access to health-care coverage, specifically to refugee claimants—persons who have fed their country and made an asylum claim in another country. One of the main intentions of the revision was to protect the integrity of Canada’s humanitarian refugee determination system. However, this had a major unintended consequence: within everyday healthcare places like walk-in clinics, doctor’s offices, and hospitals, IFHP recipients were denied access to services, regardless of actual levels of coverage. In this article I analyze how these program restrictions were experienced within Toronto’s everyday health-care places through the concept of irregularization. I discuss how the IFHP, as a humanitarian health-care program, problematizes the presence of refugee claimants in ways that created experiences of vulnerability, insecurity, and anxiety. Building on this view, I conclude with a discussion of how activists who sought to draw attention to the experiences of refugee claimants in the aftermath of the IFHP revisions closed of truly transformative pathways toward social justice.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88266318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaswant Bajwa, Mulugeta Abai, S. Kidd, Sidonia Couto, Aytak Akbari-Dibavar, K. McKenzie
This study examines the role of demographics on education and career trajectories of refugees’ in Canada from an intersectional perspective. It implemented a 14-week unique educational program that was completed by a total of 41 refugees’, over two cohorts with the goal to overcome barriers, bridge gaps and facilitate their transition into higher education. The data collected using semi-structured interview guide was analyzed using a constant comparative method. The findings suggest that a supportive educational model that promotes safety, sense of belonging and empowerment are critical to combat the structural racism, sexism and other discriminatory factors in accessing higher education.
{"title":"Examining the Intersection of Race, Gender, Class, and Age on Post-Secondary Education and Career Trajectories of Refugees","authors":"Jaswant Bajwa, Mulugeta Abai, S. Kidd, Sidonia Couto, Aytak Akbari-Dibavar, K. McKenzie","doi":"10.7202/1055582AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055582AR","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the role of demographics on education and career trajectories of refugees’ in Canada from an intersectional perspective. It implemented a 14-week unique educational program that was completed by a total of 41 refugees’, over two cohorts with the goal to overcome barriers, bridge gaps and facilitate their transition into higher education. The data collected using semi-structured interview guide was analyzed using a constant comparative method. The findings suggest that a supportive educational model that promotes safety, sense of belonging and empowerment are critical to combat the structural racism, sexism and other discriminatory factors in accessing higher education.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81788053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2015–16 Germany was confronted with over 1 million new refugees, which challenged public and private institutions alike and increasingly divided public sentiments. This article investigates the cultural, political, and economic dynamics as they were in Germany in 2015–16 and in particular how its higher education sector responded. The discussion covers a comprehensive review of media debates, public and private institutional research, new German- and English-language scholarship, and case studies the authors collected of fiffeen universities. The article ends with recommendations as German universities prepare for 30,000–50,000 refugees eligible for study in the coming years.
{"title":"Competing Motivations in Germany’s Higher Education Response to the “Refugee Crisis”","authors":"Bernhard Streitwieser, Lukas Brueck","doi":"10.7202/1055575AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055575AR","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015–16 Germany was confronted with over 1 million new refugees, which challenged public and private institutions alike and increasingly divided public sentiments. This article investigates the cultural, political, and economic dynamics as they were in Germany in 2015–16 and in particular how its higher education sector responded. The discussion covers a comprehensive review of media debates, public and private institutional research, new German- and English-language scholarship, and case studies the authors collected of fiffeen universities. The article ends with recommendations as German universities prepare for 30,000–50,000 refugees eligible for study in the coming years.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87550109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article analyse la croissance des demandes d’asile déposées sur le territoire ou à la frontière des démocraties occidentales et la « crise migratoire » qui s’en est suivie en 2015/16. Si la multiplication des foyers de violence à proximité de l’Europe a joué un rôle central, l’analyse doit être complétée par une prise en compte de trois évolutions géographiques de longue durée : le raccourcissement des distances, la crise des politiques de rétention et l’asymétrie géographique des droits. Elles permettent d’interpréter la réaction de fermeture des frontières comme une tentative de (re-)mise à distance des réfugiés dans un contexte de globalisation. Cette analyse complète par une approche géohistorique la littérature récente sur la « crise migratoire » centrée sur le rôle des partis populistes, la peur du terrorisme et les dis fonctionnements des mécanismes de solidarité.
{"title":"La « crise migratoire » de 2015/16 en Europe : interprétation géohistorique","authors":"E. Piguet","doi":"10.7202/1055572AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055572AR","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article analyse la croissance des demandes d’asile déposées sur le territoire ou à la frontière des démocraties occidentales et la « crise migratoire » qui s’en est suivie en 2015/16. Si la multiplication des foyers de violence à proximité de l’Europe a joué un rôle central, l’analyse doit être complétée par une prise en compte de trois évolutions géographiques de longue durée : le raccourcissement des distances, la crise des politiques de rétention et l’asymétrie géographique des droits. Elles permettent d’interpréter la réaction de fermeture des frontières comme une tentative de (re-)mise à distance des réfugiés dans un contexte de globalisation. Cette analyse complète par une approche géohistorique la littérature récente sur la « crise migratoire » centrée sur le rôle des partis populistes, la peur du terrorisme et les dis fonctionnements des mécanismes de solidarité.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86322498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grounded in theories of borders and boundaries, this article critically engages with the processes through which asylum seekers in Iceland are excluded from full participation in society. Immigration laws and bureaucratic barriers contribute to this exclusion, which is a result of restrictions on labour market participation, lack of housing, temporality, and lack of meaningful activities. We discuss how borders and boundaries create the identity of the asylum seeker and how the participants in this study experience that identity. We identify three main areas of exclusion: social exclusion, isolation, and cultural boundaries.
{"title":"Borders, Boundaries, and Exclusion in the Icelandic Asylum System","authors":"H. Tryggvadóttir, Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir","doi":"10.7202/1055573AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055573AR","url":null,"abstract":"Grounded in theories of borders and boundaries, this article critically engages with the processes through which asylum seekers in Iceland are excluded from full participation in society. Immigration laws and bureaucratic barriers contribute to this exclusion, which is a result of restrictions on labour market participation, lack of housing, temporality, and lack of meaningful activities. We discuss how borders and boundaries create the identity of the asylum seeker and how the participants in this study experience that identity. We identify three main areas of exclusion: social exclusion, isolation, and cultural boundaries.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76027084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article the authors present an auto-ethnographical analysis, describing their personal experiences with forced migration. Using narrative passages, the authors problematize the way in which refugee identities are entwined with socially constructed labels. The authors explore the points at which self-identifcation negotiates with labelling in order to create new spaces wherein individual and collective refugee experiences mutually shape and transform each other. These new spaces emerge from an inclusive participatory socio-cultural and political process where the idea of “us” and “them” merges into a “we.” This article represents the culmination of the authors’ sustained interactions (in conversation, in storytelling, in shared analyses, in writing) and serves as an example of putting a new space into action.
{"title":"“We” the Refugees: Reflections on Refugee Labels and Identities","authors":"Yanery Navarro Vigil, Catherine Baillie Abidi","doi":"10.7202/1055576AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1055576AR","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the authors present an auto-ethnographical analysis, describing their personal experiences with forced migration. Using narrative passages, the authors problematize the way in which refugee identities are entwined with socially constructed labels. The authors explore the points at which self-identifcation negotiates with labelling in order to create new spaces wherein individual and collective refugee experiences mutually shape and transform each other. These new spaces emerge from an inclusive participatory socio-cultural and political process where the idea of “us” and “them” merges into a “we.” This article represents the culmination of the authors’ sustained interactions (in conversation, in storytelling, in shared analyses, in writing) and serves as an example of putting a new space into action.","PeriodicalId":45974,"journal":{"name":"Refuge","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74471648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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