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HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF HYDROXY GROUPS IN AROMATIC ALCOHOLS 芳香醇中羟基亲核取代反应中的硫化氢
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.6060/IVKKT.20186109-10.5716
A. V. Okhlobystina, A. Okhlobystin, N. Berberova, D. Burmistrova
Most methods of obtaining aromatic thiols are based on nucleophilic substitution reactions at halogen derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons when used as nucleophilic reagents sodium thiolate, thiourea or potassium xanthate at high temperatures, pressure and in the presence of catalysts. The direct reaction of nucleophilic substitution of OH-groups in the phenols, pyrocatechol and benzyl alcohol to the HS-group in conditions of one-electron reducrion of hydrogen sulfide in acetonitrile and pyridinium ionic liquid was investigated for the first time. The proposed reactions proceed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The use of "green" solvent - ionic liquid - reduces the syntheses time in а half, improves ecological safety friendliness of the process and reduces the consumption of reagents. The main positive feature of these studies is not only ecological safety of reactions of nucleophilic substitution (due to the lack of harmful byproducts), but the use of electrochemical reactions in ionic liquid media, that is very relevant in modern science in terms of new environmental technologies development. For citation: Okhlobystina A.V., Okhlobystin A.O., Berberova N.T., Burmistrova D.A. Hydrogen sulfide in nucleophilic substitution reactions of hydroxy groups in aromatic alcohols. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 36-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
大多数获得芳香硫醇的方法是在高温、高压和催化剂存在的情况下,将硫代酸钠、硫脲或黄药钾作为亲核试剂,在芳烃的卤素衍生物上进行亲核取代反应。首次研究了硫化氢在乙腈和吡啶离子液体中单电子还原条件下,酚类、邻苯二酚和苯甲醇中oh -基团亲核取代hs -基团的直接反应。所提出的反应在室温和常压下进行。“绿色”溶剂离子液体的使用使合成时间缩短了一半,提高了工艺的生态安全友好性,减少了试剂的消耗。这些研究的主要积极特征不仅是亲核取代反应的生态安全性(由于没有有害的副产物),而且在离子液体介质中使用电化学反应,这在现代科学中与新环境技术的发展非常相关。引用本文:Okhlobystina a.v., Okhlobystin a.o., Berberova n.t., Burmistrova D.A.。芳香醇中羟基亲核取代反应中的硫化氢。Izv。Vyssh。Uchebn。Zaved。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol》2018。v . 61。N 9。p . 36-41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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引用次数: 0
INVESTIGATION OF PROCESS OF NATURAL GRAPHITE SPHEROIDIZATION 天然石墨球化工艺研究
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20186109-10.5883
T. F. Yudina, V. N. Blinichev, Iliya V. Bratkov, T. Gushchina, A. G. Melnikov
In this paper, the process of spheroidization of natural graphite powders on an original impact-reflecting mill with internal separation of particles was investigated. It was established that the process of spheroidization of natural graphite by impact depends both on the intensity and duration of mechanical activation. For the type of mill used, the critical linear velocity of the impact elements of the mill rotor, at which the graphite particles can be spheroidized, is 45 m/s. An increase in the linear rotational speed of the mill (intensity of impact) leads to a decrease in the average particle size, an increase in particle roundness, but significantly increases product losses. In the process of mechanical activation by impact, it is possible to increase the coefficient of roundness of the graphite particles to an average value of 0.8-0.9, which leads to compaction of graphite powders. The presence of ash impurities has a negative effect on the ability of natural graphite powders to compact. A mechanism is proposed for the process of spheroidization of graphite particles in a shock-reflecting mill. According to the proposed mechanism, at first, small-sized graphite plates are detached and deformed due to impact. As the free energy accumulates, agglomeration of deformed particles into spheres takes place. With increasing processing time, the surface of the particles is smoothed due to their friction with each other and against the wall of the mill. Powders of spherical graphite obtained by the proposed method have shown the possibility of their use as an anode material of lithium-ion batteries. The type of equipment investigated has made it possible to reduce the required number of pieces of equipment from 20 to 12 impact mills per line in comparison with foreign analogues. For citation: Yudina T.F., Blinichev V.N., Bratkov I.V., Gushchina Т.V., Melnikov A.G. Investigation of process of natural graphite spheroidization. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 48-52
本文研究了天然石墨粉在原装颗粒内分离冲击反射磨机上球化的过程。研究结果表明,天然石墨的冲击球化过程取决于机械活化的强度和持续时间。对于所使用的磨机类型,磨机转子的冲击元件能够使石墨颗粒球化的临界线速度为45米/秒。磨机线性转速(冲击强度)的增加导致平均粒度的减小,颗粒圆度的增加,但显著增加产品损失。在冲击机械活化的过程中,有可能使石墨颗粒的圆度系数提高到0.8-0.9的平均值,从而导致石墨粉的压实。灰分杂质的存在对天然石墨粉的致密性有负面影响。提出了石墨颗粒在冲击反射磨中球化的机理。根据提出的机理,首先,小尺寸石墨板由于撞击而脱落和变形。随着自由能的积累,变形粒子聚集成球体。随着加工时间的增加,由于颗粒之间的摩擦和与磨壁的摩擦,颗粒表面变得光滑。用该方法制备的球形石墨粉末已显示出作为锂离子电池负极材料的可能性。与国外同类产品相比,所研究的设备类型可以将每条生产线所需的设备数量从20台减少到12台。引自:Yudina t.f., Blinichev v.n., Bratkov i.v., Gushchina Т.V。石墨自然球化过程的研究。Izv。Vyssh。Uchebn。Zaved。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol》2018。v . 61。N 9。p - 52
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引用次数: 1
OXIDATIVE-REDUCING PROCESSES WITH PARTICIPATION OF MANGANESE IONS INITIATED BY AN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION 在水溶液中由放电引起的锰离子参与的氧化还原过程
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt20186109-10.5802
D. Shutov, A. V. Sungurova, K. Smirnova, A. Manukyan, V. Rybkin
The results of experimental studies of the kinetics of oxidation-reduction of Mn7+ ions (MnO4-) in aqueous solutions initiated by the action of a discharge of a direct current of atmospheric pressure in air are analyzed in the article. A solution of potassium permanganate served as a discharge cathode. The range of initial solution concentrations for Mn7+ ions was (0.44-2.5) mmol/l, and discharge currents (20-60) mA. It was found that the discharge action leads to the reduction of Mn7+ ions and discoloration of the solution. At the same time, dark solid particles with a size of 0.1 μm to 20 μm are formed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the particles are amorphous, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the powder is manganese oxide (IV). The kinetics of reduction-oxidation of Mn7+ ions is measured. It is shown that the obtained data on the kinetics of the reduction of Mn7+ ions in the best way (the determination coefficient R2≈0.99) can be described by the scheme X↔Y↔Z, where X is the starting material, and Y and Z are the reaction products. The processing of kinetic curves on the basis of this scheme found the effective rate constants of the corresponding stages. It was found that the effective rate constants depend on the initial concentration of the solution. At a discharge current of 20 mA, an increase in the concentration from 0.44 to 2.5 mol/l led to a decrease in the rate constant for the reduction of Mn7+ ions from (2.48 ± 0.5) ·10-2 to (7.2 ± 1.5) ·10-3 s-1, respectively. Possible mechanisms of processes are discussed. It is assumed that the main particles involved in the oxidation reactions of the reduction of manganese ions are H2O2, HO2, OH and solvated electrons that are formed in the solution under the action of a discharge. For citation: Shutov D.A., Sungurova A.V., Smirnova K.V., Manukyan A.S., Rybkin V.V. Oxidative-reducing processes with participation of manganese ions initiated by electric discharge in aqueous solution. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 23-29
本文分析了大气压直流电在空气中放电引发水溶液中Mn7+离子(MnO4-)氧化还原动力学的实验研究结果。高锰酸钾溶液用作放电阴极。Mn7+离子的初始溶液浓度范围为(0.44-2.5)mmol/l,放电电流为(20-60)mA。发现放电作用导致Mn7+的还原和溶液变色。同时,形成了尺寸为0.1μm至20μm的深色固体颗粒。X射线衍射分析表明颗粒为无定形,能量色散X射线分析表明粉末为氧化锰(IV)。测定了Mn7+离子的还原氧化动力学。结果表明,以最佳方式(测定系数R2≈0.99)获得的Mn7+离子还原动力学数据可以用方案X描述↔Y↔Z、 其中X是起始材料并且Y和Z是反应产物。在该方案的基础上对动力学曲线进行处理,得到了相应阶段的有效速率常数。研究发现,有效速率常数取决于溶液的初始浓度。在20mA的放电电流下,浓度从0.44增加到2.5mol/l导致Mn7+离子还原的速率常数分别从(2.48±0.5)·10-2降低到(7.2±1.5)·10-3s-1。讨论了过程的可能机制。假设参与锰离子还原的氧化反应的主要颗粒是H2O2、HO2、OH和在放电作用下在溶液中形成的溶剂化电子。引文:Shutov D.A.、Sungurova A.V.、Smirnova K.V.、Manukyan A.S.、Rybkin V.V.水溶液中放电引发的锰离子参与的氧化还原过程。伊兹夫。维什。Uchebn。扎维德。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol。2018年第61条。N 9-10。第23-29页
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引用次数: 4
INFLUENCE OF PREPARING NANOSCALE SUSPENSIONS METHOD ON ITS PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS 费托合成条件下纳米悬浮液制备方法对其物理化学和催化性能的影响
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.6060/IVKKT20186109-10.5863A
M. Kulikova, O. S. Dement’eva, M. Chudakova, M. Ivantsov
Methods for the formation of stable iron-containing suspensions that exhibit activity in the conversion of synthesis gas to C5+ hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch method are proposed. By XRD and DLS methods it was determined that the formation of the Fe2O3 phase with a bimodal particle size distribution of 50 and 295 nm results in the formation of a suspension by the drop thermolysis method − the gradual introduction of the active metal precursor solution into the dispersion medium (mixture of hydrocarbons C19H40-C32H66). Pulsed introduction of the active metal precursor solution (flash-pyrolysis) into the reactor zone leads to the formation of the Fe3O4 phase with a particle size of 91 and 460 nm. By TEM and AFM methods it was established that, regardless of the slurry forming method, large active phase particles are agglomerates of a finer fraction of particles with an average size of 42 nm. The obtained suspensions demonstrated high activity in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under the slurry-reactor conditions, however, the degree of CO conversion is slightly higher in the case of the catalytic suspension prepared by the drop thermolysis method. It is shown that the method of forming the suspension significantly affects the fractional composition of the resulting reaction products. In the presence of a suspension obtained by drop thermolysis, the yield of liquid hydrocarbons reaches 130 g/m3, while a high content of C19+ hydrocarbons is observed. The system formed by the method of flash-pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain mainly the gasoline (C5-C10) and diesel (C11-C18) hydrocarbon fractions. It should be noted that the products of the reaction have a high content of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which reaches 55%. Thus, the composition of the final products of FTS can be controlled by the choice of the catalytic suspension prepared method. For citation: Kulikova M.V., Dement’eva O.S., Chudakova M.V., Ivantsov M.I. Influence of preparing nanoscale suspensions method on its physico-chemical and catalytic properties under the conditions of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 70-75  
提出了通过费-托法形成在合成气转化为C5+烃中表现出活性的稳定含铁悬浮液的方法。通过XRD和DLS方法确定,具有50和295nm双峰粒度分布的Fe2O3相的形成导致通过液滴热解法形成悬浮液——活性金属前体溶液逐渐引入分散介质(碳氢化合物C19H40-C32H66的混合物)。将活性金属前体溶液脉冲引入反应器区(闪速热解)导致形成粒径为91和460nm的Fe3O4相。通过TEM和AFM方法确定,无论浆料形成方法如何,大的活性相颗粒都是平均尺寸为42nm的更细颗粒部分的团聚体。在浆料反应器条件下,所获得的悬浮液在费托合成中表现出高活性,然而,在通过滴热解法制备的催化悬浮液的情况下,CO转化率略高。结果表明,形成悬浮液的方法显著影响所得反应产物的组成分数。在通过液滴热解获得的悬浮液的存在下,液体烃的产率达到130g/m3,同时观察到高含量的C19+烃。通过闪蒸热解方法形成的体系使得主要获得汽油(C5-C10)和柴油(C11-C18)烃馏分成为可能。应该注意的是,反应产物具有高含量的不饱和烃,其达到55%。因此,FTS最终产物的组成可以通过选择催化悬浮液制备方法来控制。引用:Kulikova M.V.,Dement'eva O.S.,Chudakova M.V.Ivantsov M.I.在费托合成条件下制备纳米悬浮液方法对其物理化学和催化性能的影响。伊兹夫。维什。Uchebn。扎维德。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol。2018年第61条。N 9-10。第70-75页
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF PREPARING NANOSCALE SUSPENSIONS METHOD ON ITS PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND CATALYTIC PROPERTIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS","authors":"M. Kulikova, O. S. Dement’eva, M. Chudakova, M. Ivantsov","doi":"10.6060/IVKKT20186109-10.5863A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6060/IVKKT20186109-10.5863A","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for the formation of stable iron-containing suspensions that exhibit activity in the conversion of synthesis gas to C5+ hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch method are proposed. By XRD and DLS methods it was determined that the formation of the Fe2O3 phase with a bimodal particle size distribution of 50 and 295 nm results in the formation of a suspension by the drop thermolysis method − the gradual introduction of the active metal precursor solution into the dispersion medium (mixture of hydrocarbons C19H40-C32H66). Pulsed introduction of the active metal precursor solution (flash-pyrolysis) into the reactor zone leads to the formation of the Fe3O4 phase with a particle size of 91 and 460 nm. By TEM and AFM methods it was established that, regardless of the slurry forming method, large active phase particles are agglomerates of a finer fraction of particles with an average size of 42 nm. The obtained suspensions demonstrated high activity in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under the slurry-reactor conditions, however, the degree of CO conversion is slightly higher in the case of the catalytic suspension prepared by the drop thermolysis method. It is shown that the method of forming the suspension significantly affects the fractional composition of the resulting reaction products. In the presence of a suspension obtained by drop thermolysis, the yield of liquid hydrocarbons reaches 130 g/m3, while a high content of C19+ hydrocarbons is observed. The system formed by the method of flash-pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain mainly the gasoline (C5-C10) and diesel (C11-C18) hydrocarbon fractions. It should be noted that the products of the reaction have a high content of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which reaches 55%. Thus, the composition of the final products of FTS can be controlled by the choice of the catalytic suspension prepared method. \u0000For citation: \u0000Kulikova M.V., Dement’eva O.S., Chudakova M.V., Ivantsov M.I. Influence of preparing nanoscale suspensions method on its physico-chemical and catalytic properties under the conditions of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 70-75 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":45993,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Khimiya i Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41906309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
STABILITY OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS OF SOME d-METAL IONS WITH SUCCINIC ACID ANION IN AQUEOUS-ETHANOL SOLVENTS 一些d-金属离子与琥珀酸阴离子配位化合物在水-乙醇溶剂中的稳定性
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt20186109-10.5778
N. V. Tukumova, T. R. Usacheva, Tran Thi Dieu Thuan, V. Sharnin, C. Giancola
The paper provides an overview of own data on complexation of nickel (II), cobalt (II) and cooper (II) ions with succinic acid anion in water-organic mixed solvents. Proper data are compared with data reported in literature for d-metal complexes with anions of maleic and succinic acids. The effect of aqueous ethanol solvent compositions on the stability of coordination compounds of M2+ with succinic acid anion as well as on рК values of stepwise succinic acid dissociation was carried out by a potentiometric titration at ionic strength of 0.1 maintained with sodium perchlorate at 298.15 ± 0.10 K. Mono ligand complexes of Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ ions with succinic acid anion become stronger when ethanol content rises. In aqueous solutions Cu2+ ion forms stronger complexes with succinic and maleic acid anions than Ni2+ and Co2+ ions. In the studied water - ethanol solution this ratio is maintained for complexes with succinic acid anion, but a water-isopropanol solvent exerts leveling effect on the stability of complexes of nickel (II) and cobalt (II). An increase in the stability of complexes of d-metal with anions of maleic and succinic acids is due to the destabilization of the ligand with increasing ethanol concentration. The principal contribution of the changes in the solvation state of ligand is a typical for the stability changes of d-metal complexes with amine, glycinate, and acetate type ligands in water-organic mixed solvents. For citation: Tukumova N.V., Usacheva T.R., Thuan Tran Thi Dieu, Sharnin V.A., Giancola C. Stability of coordination compounds of some d-metal ions with succinic acid anion in aqueous-ethanol solvents. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 15-22  
本文综述了在水-有机混合溶剂中镍(II)、钴(II)和铜(II)离子与琥珀酸阴离子的络合作用。将适当的数据与文献中报道的d-金属配合物与马来酸和琥珀酸阴离子的数据进行了比较。采用高氯酸钠在298.15±0.10 K下离子强度为0.1的电位滴定法,研究了乙醇水溶液组分对M2+与琥珀酸阴离子配合物稳定性和琥珀酸逐步解离рК值的影响。随着乙醇含量的增加,Ni2+、Co2+和Cu2+离子与琥珀酸阴离子的单配体配合物变得更强。在水溶液中,Cu2+离子与琥珀酸和马来酸阴离子形成比Ni2+和Co2+离子更强的配合物。在研究的水-乙醇溶液中,与琥珀酸阴离子的配合物保持这一比例,但水-异丙醇溶剂对镍(II)和钴(II)配合物的稳定性起平衡作用。d-金属与马来酸和琥珀酸阴离子配合物的稳定性增加是由于配体随着乙醇浓度的增加而不稳定。配体溶剂化状态变化的主要贡献是典型的d-金属配合物与胺、甘氨酸和乙酸型配体在水-有机混合溶剂中的稳定性变化。引用本文:图库蒙瓦,乌舍切瓦,陈建军,陈建军,陈建军。d-金属离子与琥珀酸阴离子配合物在水-乙醇溶剂中的稳定性研究。Izv。Vyssh。Uchebn。Zaved。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol》2018。v . 61。N 9。第15 - 22页
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引用次数: 1
INTERACTION OF ALUMINUM-COBALT AND ALUMINUM-NICKEL ALLOYS ACTIVATED BY LIQUID GALLIUM-INDIUM EUTECTIC WITH TERT-BUTYL CHLORIDE FOR FORMATION OF CATALYTIC METAL - ALUMO-CHLORIDE COMPLEXES 液体镓-铟共晶活化铝-钴和铝-镍合金与叔丁基氯的相互作用,形成催化金属-铝-氯配合物
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.6060/IVKKT20186109-10.5862A
A. B. Arbuzov, V. Drozdov, D. A. Shlyapin, A. Lavrenov
It is known that binary alloys of aluminum and metals of the iron group (cobalt, nickel) after their activation with the liquid eutectic gallium-indium by the removal of “passivating” oxide layers sharply increase the reactivity with respect to organochlorines. Corresponding reactions lead to the formation    of metal – alumo - chloride complexes as inorganic products, which are active in many practically important catalytic reactions of liquid-phase conversion of hydrocarbons such as: alkylation, isomerization, oligomerization. This approach which was previously developed by the authors for the polycrystalline aluminum, is of interest in metal-complex catalysis since the formation of catalytic alumo-chloride and/or metal-alumo-chloride complexes can be carried out directly in the reaction medium, i.e. in situ. In this work, the local composition, structure and morphology of surface layers of aluminum-cobalt and aluminum-nickel alloys activated with liquid gallium-indium eutectic were studied using the methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry to determine the physicochemical regularities of the dynamics of their interaction with tert-butyl chloride at room temperatures. The formation of metal chloride complexes in the interphase area “activated alloy - tert-butyl chloride” was studied by ATR-FT-IR method in situ. The results obtained indicate that mono- and bi- nuclear alumo-chloride anions stabilized by cobalt and nickel cations are formed during the interaction. It is assumed that the ionic complex pairs formed are the active centers in liquid-phase reactions of hydrocarbons transformation at low temperatures. These structures are responsible for significantly change in the selectivity of catalytic processes compared to aluminum chloride catalyst. For citation: Arbuzov A.B., Drozdov V.A., Shlyapin D.A., Lavrenov A.V. Interaction of aluminum-cobalt and aluminum-nickel alloys activated by liquid gallium-indium eutectic with tert-butyl chloride for formation of catalytic metal - alumo-chloride complexes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 64-69
众所周知,铝和铁族金属(钴、镍)的二元合金在与液态共晶镓铟激活后,通过去除“钝化”氧化层,急剧增加了对有机氯的反应性。相应的反应形成金属-铝-氯络合物作为无机产物,在烃类液相转化的许多实际重要催化反应中都很活跃,如:烷基化、异构化、寡聚化。这种方法是由作者先前为多晶铝开发的,对金属络合物催化很感兴趣,因为催化氯化铝和/或金属-氯化铝络合物的形成可以直接在反应介质中进行,即在原位。本文采用扫描电镜和x射线能谱分析方法,研究了液态镓铟共晶活化铝钴合金和铝镍合金表层的局部组成、结构和形貌,确定了它们在室温下与叔丁基氯相互作用动力学的物理化学规律。采用原位ATR-FT-IR方法研究了“活化合金-氯化叔丁酯”相间区金属氯配合物的形成。结果表明,在相互作用过程中形成了由钴和镍离子稳定的单核和双核氯化铝阴离子。假定在低温下形成的离子络合物对是烃类液相转化反应的活性中心。与氯化铝催化剂相比,这些结构导致了催化过程选择性的显著变化。引用本文:Arbuzov A.B., Drozdov V.A., Shlyapin D.A., Lavrenov a .。液体镓-铟共晶与叔丁基氯活化铝-钴和铝-镍合金的相互作用形成催化金属-铝-氯配合物。Izv。Vyssh。Uchebn。Zaved。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol》2018。v . 61。N 9。p . 64 - 69
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引用次数: 2
HYDROGEN PRESSURE, SOLVENT AND CATALYST NATURE INFLUENCE ON THE 2-CHLORO-4-NITROANILINE HYDROGENATION REGULARITIES 氢气压力、溶剂和催化剂性质对2-氯-4-硝基苯胺加氢规律的影响
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.6060/IVKKT20186109-10.5758
D. M. Klimushin, A. I. Krasnov, D. Filippov, N. Sharonov
The 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline liquid-phase hydrogenation kinetics on supported palladium and platinum catalysts differing in the nature of the carrier and the active metal content was studied for the first time. The experiment was carried out at elevated hydrogen pressures in the range of 9 - 12 atm and 303 K in solvents 2-propanol-water and ethyl acetate in the reactor such as Vishnevsky autoclave. The main kinetic parameters of the reaction have been determined, and the influence of various parameters on the regularities of the process has been established. It is shown that an increase in the active metal content in the catalyst leads to an increase in the rate of the hydrogenation reaction of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. When using platinum supported catalysts, the rate of hydrogenation of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline is significantly higher than when using supported palladium catalysts. The replacement of the liquid phase of the catalyst system with 2-propanol by ethyl acetate adversely affects the reaction rate. The influence of the catalytic system nature and composition on the target product dehalogenation degree was determined. It was found that when carrying out the reaction at elevated hydrogen pressures, it is preferable to use low-percentage platinum catalysts, rather than palladium catalysts, since the former provide less dehalogenation of the target product. For citation: Klimushin D.M., Krasnov A.I., Filippov D.V., Sharonov N.Yu. Hydrogen pressure, solvent and catalyst nature influence on 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline hydrogenation regularities. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 30-35  
首次研究了不同载体性质和活性金属含量的负载型钯和铂催化剂上2-氯-4-硝基苯胺的液相加氢动力学。实验在9-12大气压和303K的氢气压力下,在2-丙醇-水和乙酸乙酯溶剂中,在反应器(如Vishnevsky高压釜)中进行。确定了反应的主要动力学参数,建立了各种参数对反应过程规律的影响。结果表明,催化剂中活性金属含量的增加导致2-氯-4-硝基苯胺加氢反应速率的增加。当使用铂负载的催化剂时,2-氯-4-硝基苯胺的氢化速率显著高于使用负载的钯催化剂时。用乙酸乙酯代替2-丙醇的催化剂体系的液相对反应速率产生不利影响。测定了催化体系性质和组成对目标产物脱卤程度的影响。已经发现,当在升高的氢气压力下进行反应时,优选使用低百分比的铂催化剂,而不是钯催化剂,因为前者提供较少的目标产物的脱卤作用。引用:Klimushin D.M.,Krasnov A.I.,Filippov D.V.,Sharonov N.Yu。氢气压力、溶剂和催化剂性质对2-氯-4-硝基苯胺加氢规律的影响。伊兹夫。维什。Uchebn。扎维德。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol。2018年第61条。N 9-10。第30-35页
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引用次数: 0
ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS OF POLYMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES IN AIR INVIRONMENT 空气环境中一步法合成多金属纳米颗粒
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20186109-10.5867a
V. Romanovsky, Alexander A. Hort, K. Podbolotov, N. Sdobnyakov, V. Myasnichenko, D. N. Sokolov
In this work, we studied possibility to obtain bimetallic nanopowders by our modified solution combustion synthesis method using citric acid as a fuel. Stoichiometric amounts of metal nitrates with metal to metal ratios 1:1 and 1:2 and fuels with final oxidizer to fuel ratio of 1.75 were used as initial components to prepare aqueous solutions. The almost complete absence of metal oxide phases was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis of obtained materials showed that all samples are pure bimetallic nanopowders with distorted cubic crystal structure of each metal. According to high resolution transmission electron microscopy the mean diameter of metallic particles are about 10 nm for all nanopowders. The calculated interplanar distances of crystals of metal particles as well as detailed scanning transmission electron microscopy studying showed uniform distribution of different metal spices into nanoparticles. Thus, we can conclude the nanopowders are bimetallic particles with co-integrated crystal structures of different metalic spices. We suppose, the possibility of solution combustion synthesis of bimetallic nanopowder in the air environment is due to a combination of type and amount of the fuels as well as technological conditions of the synthesis. These lead to rapid combustion process at low temperature. In addition, protective inert atmosphere appears above freshly synthesized metal nanopowders during thermal decompositions of the fuels that eventually prevent metal oxidation. Modified SCS method could be successfully used for one-step synthesis of complex oxide-oxide and metal-oxide core-shell nanostructures. For citation: Romanovskii V.I., Khort A.A., Podbolotov K.B., Sdobnyakov N.Y., Myasnichenko V.S., Sokolov D.N. One-step synthesis of polymetallic nanoparticles in air invironment. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 42-47
在这项工作中,我们研究了以柠檬酸为燃料,通过我们改进的溶液燃烧合成方法获得双金属纳米粉末的可能性。以化学计量量的金属与金属比为1:1和1:2的金属硝酸盐和最终氧化剂与燃料比为1.75的燃料作为初始组分制备水溶液。能量色散x射线光谱证实了金属氧化物相几乎完全不存在。所得材料的x射线衍射分析表明,所有样品都是纯双金属纳米粉末,每种金属都具有畸变的立方晶体结构。根据高分辨透射电子显微镜,所有纳米粉末的平均金属颗粒直径约为10 nm。金属颗粒晶体的面间距计算和扫描透射电镜的详细研究表明,不同金属香料在纳米颗粒中的分布是均匀的。因此,我们可以得出纳米粉末是具有不同金属香料共集成晶体结构的双金属颗粒。我们认为,在空气环境中溶液燃烧合成双金属纳米粉末的可能性是由燃料的种类和数量以及合成的技术条件共同决定的。这些导致在低温下快速燃烧过程。此外,在燃料热分解过程中,新合成的金属纳米粉末上方出现保护性惰性气氛,最终防止金属氧化。改进的SCS方法可成功地用于一步合成复合氧化物和金属氧化物核壳纳米结构。引用本文:Romanovskii V.I., Khort A.A., Podbolotov K.B., Sdobnyakov n.y., Myasnichenko V.S., Sokolov D.N.空气环境中多金属纳米颗粒的一步法合成。Izv。Vyssh。Uchebn。Zaved。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol》2018。v . 61。N 9。p . 42-47
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引用次数: 7
Solid-phase concentration of calcium ions with mineral sorbents in creation of anti-icing materials 用矿物吸附剂制备防冰材料中钙离子的固相浓度
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.6060/IVKKT.20186109-10.5805A
L. A. Dzhigola, E. A. Syutova
The results of an experimental study of calcium ion adsorption processes carried out on various mineral sorbents of natural origin are presented. The sorption properties of the selected objects were studied and the possibility of their use as combined anti-icing materials was evaluated. In the work were investigated technological indicators of the quality of sorbents - the pH of the zero-charge point, the sorption capacity of sorbents and the optimum pH interval to determine the sorption activity of mineral raw materials on calcium ion. Analysis of the adsorption isotherms of calcium ions by the mineral sorbents studied makes it possible to note that the adsorption equilibrium on the clay is established more rapidly than on the opal of the marl type and marl. At the same time, the maximum absorption capacity of clay and marl has close values, which is related to the structure of the sorbent surface and the mineral composition of the materials. Opal of the marl type has a more developed surface, which is illustrated by a much higher absorption capacity and is confirmed by the values of the specific surface area. The obtained experimental data were processed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. When describing the adsorption equilibrium of calcium ions on mineral sorbents, the Freyndlich isotherm is a more rigorous model, which indicates the presence of a large number of active centers and their exponential distribution on the surface of sorbents. The quantitative characteristics of the adsorption capacity of sorbents, found by adsorption models, made it possible to identify the optimum conditions of processes, establish a relationship between the values of the sorption of calcium ions by their structure and the porosity of the materials. It has been established that opal of marl type is the most effective carrier for producing anti-icing materials. For citation: Dzhigola L.A., Syutova E.A. Solid-phase concentration of calcium ions with mineral sorbents in creation of anti-icing materials. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 98-104
介绍了在各种天然矿物吸附剂上进行的钙离子吸附过程的实验研究结果。研究了所选物体的吸附性能,并评估了它们用作复合防冰材料的可能性。研究了吸附剂质量的技术指标——零电荷点的pH、吸附剂的吸附容量和最佳pH区间,以确定矿物原料对钙离子的吸附活性。通过分析所研究的矿物吸附剂对钙离子的吸附等温线,可以注意到粘土上的吸附平衡建立得比泥灰岩类型和泥灰岩的蛋白石更快。同时,粘土和泥灰岩的最大吸收能力值相近,这与吸附剂表面的结构和材料的矿物组成有关。泥灰岩类型的蛋白石具有更发达的表面,这通过更高的吸收能力来说明,并通过比表面积的值来证实。使用Freundlich、Langmuir、Temkin和Dubinin-Radushkevich模型对获得的实验数据进行处理。在描述钙离子在矿物吸附剂上的吸附平衡时,Freyndlich等温线是一个更严格的模型,它表明在吸附剂表面存在大量的活性中心及其指数分布。通过吸附模型发现的吸附剂吸附能力的定量特征,可以确定工艺的最佳条件,建立钙离子的结构吸附值与材料孔隙率之间的关系。据证实,泥灰岩型蛋白石是生产防冰材料最有效的载体。引用:Dzhigola L.A.,Syutova E.A.在防冰材料的制造中使用矿物吸附剂对钙离子进行固相浓缩。伊兹夫。维什。Uchebn。扎维德。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol。2018年第61条。N 9-10。第98-104页
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引用次数: 1
APPLICATION OF ADSORPTION MODELS FOR DESCRIPTION OF BALANCES IN THE SYSTEMS «CATIONS OF COPPER (II) AND LEAD (II) – NATURAL MATERIALS OF ASTRAKHAN REGION » 吸附模型在描述系统平衡中的应用“铜(ii)和铅(ii)阳离子-阿斯特拉罕地区的天然材料”
IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2018-10-22 DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20186109-10.5806a
L. A. Dzhigola, O. S. Sadomtseva, Victoria V. Shakirova, K. V. Kargina, E. A. Syutova, P. Razgovorov, Roman S. Nagornov
I In the work there were studied the regularities of extracting copper (II) and lead (II) cations from aqueous solutions with the help of natural sorbents from the Astrakhan region such as the marl of the Baskunchak deposit, the Kamennyy yar deposit and the clay of the Volzhsky deposit. A comparative study was made of the applicability of the adsorption models of Langmuir, Freindlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich to describe the experimental adsorption isotherms of these cations on the surface of aluminosilicates. The constants and parameters of the equations corresponding to these models are determined. A comparison of the regression coefficients shows that the Temkin model is suitable for describing the adsorption equilibria in the "M2+ -clay" systems. The Freundlich model most adequately describes the experimental data on adsorption in the "M2+ -marl/opoka" systems, which reveals the heterogeneous surface of both of these materials with a large number of energetically dissimilar active centers. The regression coefficients found in this case by the Langmuir model are small; the boundary conditions for the description of systems with a monomolecular coating are not observed. The Dubinin-Radushkevich model was also used to describe the process of concentrating lead (II) compounds on the marl surface of the Baskunchak deposit and the Kamennyy Yar deposit. The calculated values of the free energy of adsorption were 11.2 (opoka) and 4.17 kJ/mol (marl). The process of fixing lead cations on these natural sorbents in the Astrakhan region proceeds according to the ion-exchange mechanism. The adsorption activity of Cu2+, Pb2+ ions on the surface of sorbents is confirmed by the calculated values of Gibbs energy and entropy. The endothermic nature of the processes taking place with the participation of the clay of the Volzhsky deposit and the Kamennyy Yar deposit is explained by the considerable energy expenditure for the dehydration of the surface groups of sorbents. For citation: Dzhigola L.A., Sadomtseva O.S., Shakirova V.V., Kargina K.V., Syutova E.A., Razgovorov P.B., Nagornov R.S. Application of adsorption models for description of equilibria in systems cations of copper (II) and lead (II) – natural materials of Astrakhan region. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 105-112
本文研究了利用阿斯塔罕地区Baskunchak矿泥灰岩、kamennyyar矿泥和Volzhsky矿泥等天然吸附剂从水溶液中提取铜(II)和铅(II)阳离子的规律。比较了Langmuir、Freindlich、Temkin和Dubinin-Radushkevich吸附模型在描述这些阳离子在硅铝酸铝表面的实验吸附等温线的适用性。确定了这些模型所对应的方程的常数和参数。回归系数的比较表明,Temkin模型适合于描述“M2+ -粘土”体系的吸附平衡。Freundlich模型最充分地描述了“M2+ -泥灰岩/opoka”体系中吸附的实验数据,揭示了这两种材料的非均质表面具有大量能量不同的活性中心。在这种情况下,Langmuir模型的回归系数很小;没有观察到描述具有单分子涂层的体系的边界条件。Dubinin-Radushkevich模型也被用于描述铅(II)化合物在Baskunchak矿床和Kamennyy Yar矿床泥质表面的富集过程。吸附自由能的计算值分别为11.2 (opoka)和4.17 kJ/mol (marl)。在阿斯特拉罕地区,将铅阳离子固定在这些天然吸附剂上的过程是根据离子交换机制进行的。用Gibbs能和熵的计算值证实了吸附剂对Cu2+、Pb2+离子的吸附活性。在Volzhsky矿床和Kamennyy Yar矿床的粘土参与下发生的过程的吸热性质可以用吸收剂表面基团脱水的大量能量消耗来解释。引用本文:Dzhigola l.a., Sadomtseva o.s., Shakirova v.v., Kargina k.v., Syutova e.a., Razgovorov p.b., Nagornov R.S.用吸附模型描述阿斯塔拉汗地区天然物质铜(II)和铅(II)体系阳离子平衡。Izv。Vyssh。Uchebn。Zaved。Khim。Khim。Tekhnol》2018。v . 61。N 9。p . 105 - 112
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Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Khimiya i Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya
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