This essay examines the detailed process of isolating facial data from the context of its emergence through the early work of psychologist Paul Ekman in the 1960s. It explores how Ekman's data practices have been developed, criticized, and compromised by situating them within the political and intellectual landscape of his early career. This essay follows Ekman's journey from the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute to New Guinea, highlighting his brief but notable collaborations with psychologist Charles E. Osgood and NIH researchers D. Carleton Gajdusek and E. Richard Sorenson. It argues that the different meanings assigned to the human face resulted in how each group developed their studies – examining facial expressions either in interaction, where they shape reciprocal actions in interpersonal communication, or in isolation, where faces surface from the individual's unconscious interior.
这篇文章通过心理学家保罗-埃克曼（Paul Ekman）在 20 世纪 60 年代的早期工作，从面部数据出现的背景出发，研究了面部数据分离的详细过程。文章通过将埃克曼的数据实践置于其早期职业生涯的政治和知识背景中，探讨了埃克曼的数据实践是如何发展、受到批评和妥协的。这篇文章追踪了埃克曼从兰利-波特神经精神病研究所到新几内亚的旅程，重点介绍了他与心理学家查尔斯-E-奥斯古德（Charles E. Osgood）以及美国国立卫生研究院研究员D-卡尔顿-加杜塞克（D. Carleton Gajdusek）和E-理查德-索伦森（E. Richard Sorenson）短暂而显著的合作。该书认为，赋予人类面部的不同含义导致了每个研究小组的研究方式--要么在互动中研究面部表情，即面部表情决定了人际交往中的互惠行为；要么在孤立中研究面部表情，即面部表情浮现于个人的无意识内心。
{"title":"Paul Ekman and the search for the isolated face in the 1960s","authors":"Heewon Kim","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.22322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay examines the detailed process of isolating facial data from the context of its emergence through the early work of psychologist Paul Ekman in the 1960s. It explores how Ekman's data practices have been developed, criticized, and compromised by situating them within the political and intellectual landscape of his early career. This essay follows Ekman's journey from the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute to New Guinea, highlighting his brief but notable collaborations with psychologist Charles E. Osgood and NIH researchers D. Carleton Gajdusek and E. Richard Sorenson. It argues that the different meanings assigned to the human face resulted in how each group developed their studies – examining facial expressions either in interaction, where they shape reciprocal actions in interpersonal communication, or in isolation, where faces surface from the individual's unconscious interior.</p>","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jhbs.22322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Entre médicos y médiums: Saberes, tensiones y límites en el espiritismo argentino (1880–1959). [Between doctors and mediums: Boundary work and Influences in a Spiritualism in Argentina (1880–1959).] By \u0000 Alejandro Parra, \u0000Buenos Aires: \u0000Biblos. \u0000 2024. pp. \u0000 270. ISBN 978-987-814-262-3","authors":"Mariano Galarza","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.22326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An ordinary future: Margaret Mead, the problem of disability, and a child born different By\u0000 Thomas W. Pearson,\u0000Oakland:\u0000University of California Press.\u0000 2023. pp.\u0000 208. $27.95 (paper). ISBN: 9780520388291","authors":"Katherine Sorrels","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.22327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The cult of creativity By\u0000 Samuel W. Franklin,\u0000University of Chicago Press.\u0000 2023. pp.\u0000 264. $26 (cloth). ISBN: 9780226657851","authors":"Dan Guadagnolo","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.22324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sigmund Freud (Critical Lives Series) by\u0000 Matt Ffytche:\u0000Reaktion Books.\u0000 2022. pp.\u0000 224. pages. $22.00 (paper). ISBN 9781789145793","authors":"Jean-Baptiste Lamarche","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22323","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jhbs.22323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Between the years 1925 and 1934, the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) awarded 198 postdoctoral research fellowships to early-career social scientists, among which 29 were awarded to women. This article, which is based on the SSRC directory and Rockefeller institutions' records, examines the professional paths of these female fellows to shed light on the presence of women in the social sciences and to probe the peculiarities of their professional trajectories. The SSRC fellowships represented a significant professional prospect for brilliant young female graduates who were often denied similar opportunities in other fields. Nonetheless, they did not eradicate all gender discrimination that remained prevalent, not only in the vertical sense by preventing women from progressing in the academic hierarchy, but also in the horizontal sense by retaining them in designated spaces (specific disciplines or institutions) that were underrecognized. Ultimately, the analysis of women's professional paths underscores the importance of examining the private or intimate lives of scientists to gain a more in-depth understanding of the social structure of science and its impact on its protagonists.
{"title":"Professional opportunities, gender obstacles, and narrowed progression: The case of the first Social Science Research Council female fellows (1925–1934)","authors":"Marie Linos","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22321","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jhbs.22321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Between the years 1925 and 1934, the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) awarded 198 postdoctoral research fellowships to early-career social scientists, among which 29 were awarded to women. This article, which is based on the SSRC directory and Rockefeller institutions' records, examines the professional paths of these female fellows to shed light on the presence of women in the social sciences and to probe the peculiarities of their professional trajectories. The SSRC fellowships represented a significant professional prospect for brilliant young female graduates who were often denied similar opportunities in other fields. Nonetheless, they did not eradicate all gender discrimination that remained prevalent, not only in the vertical sense by preventing women from progressing in the academic hierarchy, but also in the horizontal sense by retaining them in designated spaces (specific disciplines or institutions) that were underrecognized. Ultimately, the analysis of women's professional paths underscores the importance of examining the private or intimate lives of scientists to gain a more in-depth understanding of the social structure of science and its impact on its protagonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jhbs.22321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FORUM FOR THE HISTORY OF THE HUMAN SCIENCES","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22320","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jhbs.22320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141628061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wondrous transformations: A maverick physician, the science of hormones, and the birth of the transgender revolution By\u0000 Alison LiUniversity of North Carolina Press.\u0000 2023.pp.\u0000 258. $30.00 (cloth). ISBN-13: 978-1-4696-7485-8","authors":"Beans Velocci PhD","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.22315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constructing economic science: The invention of a discipline 1850–1950 By \u0000 Keith Tribe, \u0000Oxford: \u0000Oxford University Press. \u0000 2021. pp. \u0000 440. £74.00 (hbk). ISBN: 9780190491741","authors":"Tiago Mata","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.22319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The uncanny rise of medical hypnotism 1888–1914. Between imagination and suggestion by Gordon David Lyle Bates, Bristol, England: Palgrave Macmillan. 2023. pp. 265. $59.99 (cloth); $44.99 (ebook). ISBN: 978-3-031-42724-4 (cloth)","authors":"Philip Kuhn","doi":"10.1002/jhbs.22318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.22318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences","volume":"60 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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