H. Gomes, António A. Martins, G. Nash, C. Vaccaro, L. Volpe, H. Collado, P. Rosina
This paper explores the processes involved in the production of prehistoric paintings using inorganic pigmentation. The focus for discussion involves a number of rock-shelter sites that contain rock art within the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, with particular reference to the sites that contain Schematic rock art. A direct date cannot be obtained on rock art that is made with inorganic pigments. However, sampling and subsequent analysis has clearly shown that pigments were produced using tried and tested recipes that involved the use of sometimes organic binders. This paper will explore the chemical and mineralogical qualities of sampled pigments from a selected number of sites within Spain and Portugal and suggest that pigmentation was more than just applying paint to rock.
{"title":"Pigment in Western Iberian Schematic Rock Art: An analytical approach","authors":"H. Gomes, António A. Martins, G. Nash, C. Vaccaro, L. Volpe, H. Collado, P. Rosina","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.15050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15050","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the processes involved in the production of prehistoric paintings using inorganic pigmentation. The focus for discussion involves a number of rock-shelter sites that contain rock art within the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, with particular reference to the sites that contain Schematic rock art. A direct date cannot be obtained on rock art that is made with inorganic pigments. However, sampling and subsequent analysis has clearly shown that pigments were produced using tried and tested recipes that involved the use of sometimes organic binders. This paper will explore the chemical and mineralogical qualities of sampled pigments from a selected number of sites within Spain and Portugal and suggest that pigmentation was more than just applying paint to rock.","PeriodicalId":46130,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry","volume":"16 1","pages":"163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84250249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In aerial and remote sensing archaeology the determination of the best period for the image acquisition in each study area is of major importance. This allows for a large number of marks to be indentied in the selected studied area. The first step before the collection of images (archival and/or new image acquisitions) for the studied area is the identification of the Theoretically Best Period for Marks Detection (TBPMD) of the buried archaeological structures. The second step (before the supply of new image acquisitions) is to check the reliability of TBPMD. This study proposes a documentation methodology of TBPMD that is based on the results of a systematic observation (change of intensity) of marks of known archaeological structures. An image acquisitions system (remote control balloon) was used for the pilot study. Images were acquired every month for the period of one year in archaeological positions with known buried structures (Via Egnatia in the plain of Philippi, Eastern Macedonia, Greece). Analytical meteorological-climatic data of the area was collected and studied at the same time. The results of the study are encouraging, as they allow for further reduction of TBPMD in half days.
{"title":"SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION OF THE CHANGE OF MARKS OF KNOWN BURIED ARCHAEOLOGI- CAL STRUCTURES: CASE STUDY IN THE PLAIN OF PHILIPPI, EASTERN MACEDONIA, GREECE","authors":"D. Kaimaris, P. Patias","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.16606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.16606","url":null,"abstract":"In aerial and remote sensing archaeology the determination of the best period for the image acquisition in each study area is of major importance. This allows for a large number of marks to be indentied in the selected studied area. The first step before the collection of images (archival and/or new image acquisitions) for the studied area is the identification of the Theoretically Best Period for Marks Detection (TBPMD) of the buried archaeological structures. The second step (before the supply of new image acquisitions) is to check the reliability of TBPMD. This study proposes a documentation methodology of TBPMD that is based on the results of a systematic observation (change of intensity) of marks of known archaeological structures. An image acquisitions system (remote control balloon) was used for the pilot study. Images were acquired every month for the period of one year in archaeological positions with known buried structures (Via Egnatia in the plain of Philippi, Eastern Macedonia, Greece). Analytical meteorological-climatic data of the area was collected and studied at the same time. The results of the study are encouraging, as they allow for further reduction of TBPMD in half days.","PeriodicalId":46130,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry","volume":"14 1","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90654149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mouroutsou, Stella Markantonatou, V. Papavassiliou
Periodization is a universal and very popular system of organizing History (Petras, et al., 2006) by arbitrary dividing time into periods such as “Δικτατορία” (dictatorship) in a way that is specific to places and communities. Structured collections of time period names and timelines are considered very useful in cultural content documentation and temporal information extraction. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic collection of period names of Greek History. New period names are constantly created or left out of use. Aiming to capture this combination of dispersed specificity and constant evolution, we used the Focused Monolingual Crawler (FMC) (Mastropavlos, et al., 2011) and an initial list of 25 “seed-terms” to develop corpora dense in period names with Web retrieved documents. Period names were manually retrieved from the accumulated corpora and were annotated for a set of features, including allomorphs that occurred in the collected corpora and whether the term denoted a fact or a time period or something else as well as for persons, places and other period names related with the term. The linguistic environments where the terms occurred were identified and some of them were fed to the (FMC) as new “seed-terms”. This cycle was repeated for three times and yielded 78 period names with an average of 16 paradigms per term and a corpus consisting of 3020 valid XML documents. Some first observations on the strategies employed by Greek communities to coin time period names are reported.
{"title":"THE DEVELOPMENT OF VOCABULARIES OF HISTORICAL PERIOD NAMES FROM WEB ACQUIRED CORPORA7","authors":"M. Mouroutsou, Stella Markantonatou, V. Papavassiliou","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.13717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.13717","url":null,"abstract":"Periodization is a universal and very popular system of organizing History (Petras, et al., 2006) by arbitrary dividing time into periods such as “Δικτατορία” (dictatorship) in a way that is specific to places and communities. Structured collections of time period names and timelines are considered very useful in cultural content documentation and temporal information extraction. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic collection of period names of Greek History. New period names are constantly created or left out of use. Aiming to capture this combination of dispersed specificity and constant evolution, we used the Focused Monolingual Crawler (FMC) (Mastropavlos, et al., 2011) and an initial list of 25 “seed-terms” to develop corpora dense in period names with Web retrieved documents. Period names were manually retrieved from the accumulated corpora and were annotated for a set of features, including allomorphs that occurred in the collected corpora and whether the term denoted a fact or a time period or something else as well as for persons, places and other period names related with the term. The linguistic environments where the terms occurred were identified and some of them were fed to the (FMC) as new “seed-terms”. This cycle was repeated for three times and yielded 78 period names with an average of 16 paradigms per term and a corpus consisting of 3020 valid XML documents. Some first observations on the strategies employed by Greek communities to coin time period names are reported.","PeriodicalId":46130,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82673835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is an attempt to show the architectonic method of the ancient Egyptian designers for encoding the horizontal-projections of the moon’s declinations during two events of the minor lunar standstills, in the design of the site-plan of the horizon of the Giza pyramids, using the methods of descriptive geometry. It shows that the distance of the eastern side of the second Giza pyramid from the north-south axis of the great pyramid encodes a projection of a lunar declination, when earth’s obliquity-angle was ~24.10°. Besides, it shows that the angle of inclination of the causeway of the second Giza pyramid, of ~13.54° south of the cardinal east, encodes the projection of another lunar declination when earth’s obliquity-angle reaches ~22.986°. In addition, it shows the encoded coordinate system in the site-plan of the horizon of the Giza pyramids.
{"title":"THE ARCHITECTONIC ENCODING OF THE MINOR LUNAR STANDSTILLS IN THE HORIZON OF THE GIZA PYRAMIDS","authors":"H. Aboulfotouh","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.14336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14336","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is an attempt to show the architectonic method of the ancient Egyptian designers for encoding the horizontal-projections of the moon’s declinations during two events of the minor lunar standstills, in the design of the site-plan of the horizon of the Giza pyramids, using the methods of descriptive geometry. It shows that the distance of the eastern side of the second Giza pyramid from the north-south axis of the great pyramid encodes a projection of a lunar declination, when earth’s obliquity-angle was ~24.10°. Besides, it shows that the angle of inclination of the causeway of the second Giza pyramid, of ~13.54° south of the cardinal east, encodes the projection of another lunar declination when earth’s obliquity-angle reaches ~22.986°. In addition, it shows the encoded coordinate system in the site-plan of the horizon of the Giza pyramids.","PeriodicalId":46130,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry","volume":"6 1","pages":"343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84845176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Mahaney, C. Allen, P. Pentlavalli, R. Dirszowsky, P. Tricart, Leslie Keiser, P. Somelar, B. Kelleher, B. Murphy, Pedro J. M. Costa, S. Jordan, S. O’Reilly, P. Juligj
Both Polybius and Livy described a landslide/landslip that blocked the Punic Army’s exfiltration from a high col on the water divide in the Western Alps. The landslide, more aptly termed rockfall, has been a source of contention amongst classicists for centuries despite the fact that only two cols—Clapier and Traversette—exhibit rockfall debris on the lee side of the Alps. While the Clapier rockfall is too small and too young to have provided blockage, the Traversette debris is nearly as Polybius described it when he retraced the invasion route some 60 years after the event. His ‘two-tier’ description of the deposit, a doublet of younger and older rock rubble, including measurements of width and volume are close to modern measurements and prove that he knew, in advance, the route Hannibal had followed. It would take a practiced eye to correctly identify the stratigraphic complexity inherent in the Traversette Rockfall. Here we present weathering ratios, soil stratigraphic, mineral, chemical and microbiological evidence in support of Polybius’ observations as a considerable background database for future geoarchaeological exploration.
{"title":"POLYBIUS' 'PREVIOUS LANDSLIDE': PROOF THAT HANNIBAL'S INVASION ROUTE CROSSED THE COL DE LA TRAVERSETTE","authors":"W. Mahaney, C. Allen, P. Pentlavalli, R. Dirszowsky, P. Tricart, Leslie Keiser, P. Somelar, B. Kelleher, B. Murphy, Pedro J. M. Costa, S. Jordan, S. O’Reilly, P. Juligj","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.14744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14744","url":null,"abstract":"Both Polybius and Livy described a landslide/landslip that blocked the Punic Army’s exfiltration from a high col on the water divide in the Western Alps. The landslide, more aptly termed rockfall, has been a source of contention amongst classicists for centuries despite the fact that only two cols—Clapier and Traversette—exhibit rockfall debris on the lee side of the Alps. While the Clapier rockfall is too small and too young to have provided blockage, the Traversette debris is nearly as Polybius described it when he retraced the invasion route some 60 years after the event. His ‘two-tier’ description of the deposit, a doublet of younger and older rock rubble, including measurements of width and volume are close to modern measurements and prove that he knew, in advance, the route Hannibal had followed. It would take a practiced eye to correctly identify the stratigraphic complexity inherent in the Traversette Rockfall. Here we present weathering ratios, soil stratigraphic, mineral, chemical and microbiological evidence in support of Polybius’ observations as a considerable background database for future geoarchaeological exploration.","PeriodicalId":46130,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry","volume":"18 1","pages":"77-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82626187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data recording is one of the primary requirements of any archaeological project. Some projects rely on the traditional pen-and-paper methods, while others have begun to employ field data recording applications through mobile computing platforms. The former method relies on later transcription of the data, while the later passes over this step, integrating the data from various devices at some later point. Many rely on commercial solutions to solve their data recording needs. Well-known platforms, which have had a long and successful track record with databases, are now being employed for archaeological databases. Although these robust platforms provide straightforward solutions, they are expensive and not easily extensible. OpenDig was developed with a focus on open source frameworks, with the idea that future expansion would be important for any archaeological database. By utilizing open source tools that were born in the World Wide Web, OpenDig provides a complete framework for archaeological data from the field and post-excavation studies. The three main tools that make up the OpenDig framework are: 1) a field recording application for describing archaeological contexts, associated photos, geospatial data, and find; 2) a lightweight data reader and editor for deployment in field laboratories; 3) a full web application for a more complete tool set for reviewing, analysing and disseminating these data acquired from the field. Three tools, on their own, may not seem very different from other solutions available to archaeologists today. However, OpenDig demonstrates the viability of using open source tools and open source data to create a complete system for data recording, analysis and dissemination. The future of archaeological data lays in finding ways to link disparate data sets from various projects and being able to make sensible comparisons. This can only be achieved by providing open access to these data and creating common interfaces that allow archaeologists to link their data with others.
{"title":"OPENDIG: CONTEXTUALIZING THE PAST FROM THE FIELD TO THE WEB","authors":"Matthew L. Vincent, F. Kuester, T. Levy","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.13711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.13711","url":null,"abstract":"Data recording is one of the primary requirements of any archaeological project. Some projects rely on the traditional pen-and-paper methods, while others have begun to employ field data recording applications through mobile computing platforms. The former method relies on later transcription of the data, while the later passes over this step, integrating the data from various devices at some later point. Many rely on commercial solutions to solve their data recording needs. Well-known platforms, which have had a long and successful track record with databases, are now being employed for archaeological databases. Although these robust platforms provide straightforward solutions, they are expensive and not easily extensible. OpenDig was developed with a focus on open source frameworks, with the idea that future expansion would be important for any archaeological database. By utilizing open source tools that were born in the World Wide Web, OpenDig provides a complete framework for archaeological data from the field and post-excavation studies. The three main tools that make up the OpenDig framework are: 1) a field recording application for describing archaeological contexts, associated photos, geospatial data, and find; 2) a lightweight data reader and editor for deployment in field laboratories; 3) a full web application for a more complete tool set for reviewing, analysing and disseminating these data acquired from the field. Three tools, on their own, may not seem very different from other solutions available to archaeologists today. However, OpenDig demonstrates the viability of using open source tools and open source data to create a complete system for data recording, analysis and dissemination. The future of archaeological data lays in finding ways to link disparate data sets from various projects and being able to make sensible comparisons. This can only be achieved by providing open access to these data and creating common interfaces that allow archaeologists to link their data with others.","PeriodicalId":46130,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry","volume":"89 1","pages":"109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85951697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Petrovic, D. Vanoni, Ashley M. Richter, T. Levy, F. Kuester
The combination of 3D acquisition (terrestrial and airborne LiDAR, structured light, structure-from-motion) and 2D imaging (photographic, multispectral, panoramic, orthorectified, reflectance transformation) techniques allows the geometry, appearance and other aspects of culturally significant sites to be objectively documented. Traditionally, these data are usually transformed into models such as 3D textured meshes before they are visualized or analyzed—an often time- and effort-intensive process. We propose a system for the direct visualization and analysis of such data, allowing the different aspects recorded to be layered together, and co-visualized with annotations and other relevant information. We describe the required technical foundations, including gigapoint and gigapixel visualization pipelines that enable the dynamic layering of high-resolution imagery over massive minimally-processed LiDAR point clouds that serve as the base spatial layer. In particular, we introduce the pointbuffer—a GPU-resident viewdependent point cache—as the foundation of our gigapoint pipeline, and outline the use of virtual texturing for draping of gigapixel imagery onto point clouds. Finally, we present case studies from sites in Jordan and Italy.
{"title":"Visualizing high resolution three-dimensional and two-dimensional data of cultural heritage sites","authors":"V. Petrovic, D. Vanoni, Ashley M. Richter, T. Levy, F. Kuester","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.13709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.13709","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of 3D acquisition (terrestrial and airborne LiDAR, structured light, structure-from-motion) and 2D imaging (photographic, multispectral, panoramic, orthorectified, reflectance transformation) techniques allows the geometry, appearance and other aspects of culturally significant sites to be objectively documented. Traditionally, these data are usually transformed into models such as 3D textured meshes before they are visualized or analyzed—an often time- and effort-intensive process. We propose a system for the direct visualization and analysis of such data, allowing the different aspects recorded to be layered together, and co-visualized with annotations and other relevant information. We describe the required technical foundations, including gigapoint and gigapixel visualization pipelines that enable the dynamic layering of high-resolution imagery over massive minimally-processed LiDAR point clouds that serve as the base spatial layer. In particular, we introduce the pointbuffer—a GPU-resident viewdependent point cache—as the foundation of our gigapoint pipeline, and outline the use of virtual texturing for draping of gigapixel imagery onto point clouds. Finally, we present case studies from sites in Jordan and Italy.","PeriodicalId":46130,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry","volume":"14 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77396182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ramírez, María Begoña Saiz Mauleón, J. Curiel-Esparza, J. Llinares, M. Soriano
This work has been supported by Universidad Politecnica de Valencia’s Forum Unesco -University and Heritage and by Valencia City Council under the project: “Study and Diagnosis of Pathological Manifestations of the Stone and Project and Construction Management of Cleaning and Conservation of the Silk Exchange of Valencia "
{"title":"Polychromy of late gothic civil architecture: a world heritage monument case in Spain","authors":"M. Ramírez, María Begoña Saiz Mauleón, J. Curiel-Esparza, J. Llinares, M. Soriano","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.15440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15440","url":null,"abstract":"This work has been supported by Universidad Politecnica de Valencia’s Forum Unesco -University and Heritage \u0000and by Valencia City Council under the project: “Study and Diagnosis of Pathological Manifestations of the Stone \u0000and Project and Construction Management of Cleaning and Conservation of the Silk Exchange of Valencia \"","PeriodicalId":46130,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Archaeology & Archaeometry","volume":"364 1","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2013-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77332466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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