Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.1001.2001.21
G. A. Plank
This article examines current psychometric and testing practices that appear to do a limited job of assessing the intelligence of American Indian individuals. For several reasons, contemporary approaches are found to be inadequate. Unfortunately, these practices are then employed in making educational decisions and placing these same children into Special Education programs. Alternative methods of testing, including the Gf-Gc Cross-Battery Approach, are discussed and evaluated in terms of usefulness in the evaluation of American Indian children and adolescents. The cross-battery method of testing was found to provide more in-depth procedures for bypassing both language and cultural differences among American Indian individuals.
{"title":"Application of the Cross Battery Approach in the assessment of American Indian children: a viable alternative.","authors":"G. A. Plank","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.1001.2001.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.1001.2001.21","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines current psychometric and testing practices that appear to do a limited job of assessing the intelligence of American Indian individuals. For several reasons, contemporary approaches are found to be inadequate. Unfortunately, these practices are then employed in making educational decisions and placing these same children into Special Education programs. Alternative methods of testing, including the Gf-Gc Cross-Battery Approach, are discussed and evaluated in terms of usefulness in the evaluation of American Indian children and adolescents. The cross-battery method of testing was found to provide more in-depth procedures for bypassing both language and cultural differences among American Indian individuals.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76212789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.67
Norma Gray, Patricia S. Nye
The devastating impact of substance abuse on American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) is reviewed with an emphasis on psychological and physical effects. Co-morbidity of substance abuse, trans-generational trauma, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and depression among AI/ANs is also discussed since each condition may cause, impact, and/or exacerbate the others. The Medicine Wheel, one respected and accepted treatment approach developed by AI/AN communities, is described in detail since it helps address all of the co-morbid issues discussed.
{"title":"American Indian and Alaska Native substance abuse: co-morbidity and cultural issues.","authors":"Norma Gray, Patricia S. Nye","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.67","url":null,"abstract":"The devastating impact of substance abuse on American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) is reviewed with an emphasis on psychological and physical effects. Co-morbidity of substance abuse, trans-generational trauma, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and depression among AI/ANs is also discussed since each condition may cause, impact, and/or exacerbate the others. The Medicine Wheel, one respected and accepted treatment approach developed by AI/AN communities, is described in detail since it helps address all of the co-morbid issues discussed.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83797717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.ED
R. S. Young, J. Joe, J. Hassin, D. S. Clair
This proceedings consists of five papers presented at a conference titled: Psychosocial Issues and Problems of Co-Morbidity for Native American Clients with Substance Abuse Problems. The conference was held June 2-4, 1999, in Albuquerque New Mexico, and was hosted by the Native American Research and Training Center (NARTC) and the National Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research.
{"title":"Addressing psychosocial issues and problems of co-morbidity for Native American clients with substance abuse problems: a conference proceedings.","authors":"R. S. Young, J. Joe, J. Hassin, D. S. Clair","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.ED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.ED","url":null,"abstract":"This proceedings consists of five papers presented at a conference titled: Psychosocial Issues and Problems of Co-Morbidity for Native American Clients with Substance Abuse Problems. The conference was held June 2-4, 1999, in Albuquerque New Mexico, and was hosted by the Native American Research and Training Center (NARTC) and the National Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"V-XV"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72698478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.52
M. Christensen
Historically, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) gave little attention to cultural variations in mental disorder. DSM-IV includes a cultural case formulation outline. The current paper presents a case formulation of an American Indian client who presented with depressive symptoms and a history of substance dependence.
{"title":"Diagnostic criteria in clinical settings: DSM-IV and cultural competence.","authors":"M. Christensen","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.1002.2001.52","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) gave little attention to cultural variations in mental disorder. DSM-IV includes a cultural case formulation outline. The current paper presents a case formulation of an American Indian client who presented with depressive symptoms and a history of substance dependence.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"52-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89431407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.47
D. Fisher, A. Fenaughty, D. Paschane, H. H. Cagle
Although Alaska has one of the highest rates of alcohol consumption in the U.S., there are very few reports of other drug use in Alaska. This five-year NIDA-funded study sampled out-of-treatment injection drug users (IDUs) and crack cocaine smokers in Anchorage, Alaska. This paper is a summary of results comparing risk behavior for HIV and sexually transmitted disease infection among Alaska Natives (n=216) to non-Natives (primarily Blacks n=394 and Whites n=479) from this study. IDUs and crack cocaine smokers were recruited using a targeted sampling plan. All subjects tested positive to cocaine metabolites, or morphine, using urinalysis, or had visible track marks. Several analyses of this database have indicated that Alaska Native women are at high risk for gonorrhea infection. They are also at risk for HIV infection due to high rates of behavior related to blood-borne disease transmission. We have also found that White men who have sex with both White and Alaska Native women are significantly less likely to use condoms with the Alaska Native women. HIV preventive education efforts aimed at Alaska Native women need to be implemented on a major scale.
{"title":"Alaska Native drug users and sexually transmitted disease: results of a five-year study.","authors":"D. Fisher, A. Fenaughty, D. Paschane, H. H. Cagle","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.47","url":null,"abstract":"Although Alaska has one of the highest rates of alcohol consumption in the U.S., there are very few reports of other drug use in Alaska. This five-year NIDA-funded study sampled out-of-treatment injection drug users (IDUs) and crack cocaine smokers in Anchorage, Alaska. This paper is a summary of results comparing risk behavior for HIV and sexually transmitted disease infection among Alaska Natives (n=216) to non-Natives (primarily Blacks n=394 and Whites n=479) from this study. IDUs and crack cocaine smokers were recruited using a targeted sampling plan. All subjects tested positive to cocaine metabolites, or morphine, using urinalysis, or had visible track marks. Several analyses of this database have indicated that Alaska Native women are at high risk for gonorrhea infection. They are also at risk for HIV infection due to high rates of behavior related to blood-borne disease transmission. We have also found that White men who have sex with both White and Alaska Native women are significantly less likely to use condoms with the Alaska Native women. HIV preventive education efforts aimed at Alaska Native women need to be implemented on a major scale.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83556578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.0903.2000.49
L. Napholz
The purpose of this qualitative study of a 6-week effectiveness trial was to describe among a group of urban American Indian women, the process of successful traditionalism in the form of bicultural resynthesis. Bicultural resynthesis represents a major current attempt on the part of the participants to integrate traditional and contemporary demands in a positive, culturally-consistent manner. The themes of shame and isolation, adapting to survive, deculturation, ethnic switching/renewal, and bicultural resynthesis are discussed. Further support is achieved for retraditionalization of American Indian women s roles as an effective means of achieving American Indian self-determination and as a potential way of helping women overcome problems.
{"title":"Bicultural resynthesis: Tailoring an effectiveness trial for a group of urban American Indian women.","authors":"L. Napholz","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.0903.2000.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.0903.2000.49","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this qualitative study of a 6-week effectiveness trial was to describe among a group of urban American Indian women, the process of successful traditionalism in the form of bicultural resynthesis. Bicultural resynthesis represents a major current attempt on the part of the participants to integrate traditional and contemporary demands in a positive, culturally-consistent manner. The themes of shame and isolation, adapting to survive, deculturation, ethnic switching/renewal, and bicultural resynthesis are discussed. Further support is achieved for retraditionalization of American Indian women s roles as an effective means of achieving American Indian self-determination and as a potential way of helping women overcome problems.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"49-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83217287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.1
Julie A Baldwin, Carol J. C. Maxwell, A. Fenaughty, R. Trotter, S. Stevens
Quantitative alcohol interviews conducted as part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Native American Supplement revealed very high rates of alcohol use among American Indian and Alaska Native active crack and injection drug users (IDUs). Of 147 respondents who completed the alcohol questionnaire, 100& percent had drunk alcohol within the past month, almost 42& percent reported that they drank every day, and 50& percent drank until they were drunk one-half of the time or more. Injection drug users (IDUs) demonstrated the highest frequency and quantity of alcohol use in the past 30 days. A significant positive association was also found between crack and alcohol use in the past 48 hours (c(2)=5.30, p<.05). Finally, those claiming more episodes of using alcohol before or during sex, reported significantly more events of unprotected sexual intercourse. Qualitative data from all four sites corroborated these quantitative findings. Many individuals also reported episodes of blacking out while drinking, and learned later that they had had unprotected sex with complete strangers or individuals they would not otherwise accept as partners. Implications of these findings for HIV/AIDS prevention efforts are addressed.
{"title":"Alcohol as a risk factor for HIV transmission among American Indian and Alaska Native drug users.","authors":"Julie A Baldwin, Carol J. C. Maxwell, A. Fenaughty, R. Trotter, S. Stevens","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.1","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative alcohol interviews conducted as part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Native American Supplement revealed very high rates of alcohol use among American Indian and Alaska Native active crack and injection drug users (IDUs). Of 147 respondents who completed the alcohol questionnaire, 100& percent had drunk alcohol within the past month, almost 42& percent reported that they drank every day, and 50& percent drank until they were drunk one-half of the time or more. Injection drug users (IDUs) demonstrated the highest frequency and quantity of alcohol use in the past 30 days. A significant positive association was also found between crack and alcohol use in the past 48 hours (c(2)=5.30, p<.05). Finally, those claiming more episodes of using alcohol before or during sex, reported significantly more events of unprotected sexual intercourse. Qualitative data from all four sites corroborated these quantitative findings. Many individuals also reported episodes of blacking out while drinking, and learned later that they had had unprotected sex with complete strangers or individuals they would not otherwise accept as partners. Implications of these findings for HIV/AIDS prevention efforts are addressed.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"104 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80673645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.0903.2000.1
K. Schweigman, R. Fabsitz, P. Sorlie, T. Welty
This study addresses the impact of assessment method (interviewer-administered questionnaire vs. self-administered questionnaire) and interviewers demographic characteristics (gender, ethnicity, and residency) on responses to alcohol and tobacco questions. The study population included 1,522 men and women aged 45 to 74 from the Dakota Center of the Strong Heart Study (SHS), a multi-center study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians. Assessment method effects were greater for alcohol than tobacco but did not differ by interviewer characteristics.
{"title":"Respondent bias in the collection of alcohol and tobacco data in American Indians: the Strong Heart Study.","authors":"K. Schweigman, R. Fabsitz, P. Sorlie, T. Welty","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.0903.2000.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.0903.2000.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the impact of assessment method (interviewer-administered questionnaire vs. self-administered questionnaire) and interviewers demographic characteristics (gender, ethnicity, and residency) on responses to alcohol and tobacco questions. The study population included 1,522 men and women aged 45 to 74 from the Dakota Center of the Strong Heart Study (SHS), a multi-center study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians. Assessment method effects were greater for alcohol than tobacco but did not differ by interviewer characteristics.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88035441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.ED
S. Stevens, A. Estrada
{"title":"Editorial: HIV and AIDS among American Indians and Alaska Natives","authors":"S. Stevens, A. Estrada","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.ED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.ED","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84254374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-01-01DOI: 10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.33
S. Stevens, A. Estrada, Barbara D. Estrada
Little research has been conducted on HIV drug and sex risk behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives who use illicit drugs. Data from studies conducted with other ethnic groups indicates differences in HIV drug and sex risk behaviors of men and women and between drug users from different regions, cities, communities, and intervention sites. This study examines whether these differences in HIV drug and sex risk behaviors also exist for American Indians and Alaska Natives. Results indicate that risk behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives do differ like that of other ethnic groups. In particular American Indian and Alaska Native women reported engaging in significantly greater levels of some drug and many sex risk behaviors than men. Significant differences between intervention sites were also found for intensity of use of various drugs and for some HIV drug risk behaviors.
{"title":"HIV drug and sex risk behaviors among American Indian and Alaska Native drug users: gender and site differences.","authors":"S. Stevens, A. Estrada, Barbara D. Estrada","doi":"10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5820/AIAN.0901.2000.33","url":null,"abstract":"Little research has been conducted on HIV drug and sex risk behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives who use illicit drugs. Data from studies conducted with other ethnic groups indicates differences in HIV drug and sex risk behaviors of men and women and between drug users from different regions, cities, communities, and intervention sites. This study examines whether these differences in HIV drug and sex risk behaviors also exist for American Indians and Alaska Natives. Results indicate that risk behaviors of American Indians and Alaska Natives do differ like that of other ethnic groups. In particular American Indian and Alaska Native women reported engaging in significantly greater levels of some drug and many sex risk behaviors than men. Significant differences between intervention sites were also found for intensity of use of various drugs and for some HIV drug risk behaviors.","PeriodicalId":46147,"journal":{"name":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82301778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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