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Performing normality in working life among heavy substance users 重度药物使用者在工作生活中表现正常
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221108796
M. Gunnarsson, J. Törrönen
Aim: Work is an important part of most people's everyday lives and well-being. Substance use by employees is associated with several negative consequences, such as absence from work and poor work performance. The study examines the strategies through which people who have problems with substance use produce a “normal” self and avoid becoming stigmatised in the workplace. Methods: The study uses data from in-depth unstructured life story interviews, which were conducted over phone with 13 people. The participants had developed various problematic heavy substance use habits. The interviews were analysed by applying interactional analysis and by using Goffman's concepts of “normality”, “embarrassment”, “face-work”, “stigma” and “performance”. Results: The analysis identified multiple strategies the participants used to produce normality and to avoid embarrassment and stigmatisation at work. These include skilful use of drugs in order not to show withdrawal symptoms, various ways of hiding their heavy substance use, frequent change of jobs, the maintenance of a clean and professional look, and attributing the absence from work to mental or physical illness. Moreover, the participants strategically avoided social contacts in which embarrassing situations could arise. When this was not possible, they manipulated their corporeal looks by hiding such kinds of bodily marks that would connote abnormality. Conclusion: The analysis points out that maintaining normality at work does not only refer to the efforts of trying to hide the effects of the drugs on behaviours and the body. It also reveals that the participants used substances to be able to perform energetically their work tasks, and in this way present themselves as normal workers. This ambivalence in performing normality makes the work life of people who use substances challenging.
目的:工作是大多数人日常生活和幸福的重要组成部分。员工使用药物会带来一些负面后果,比如缺勤和工作表现不佳。该研究考察了有药物使用问题的人如何塑造一个“正常”的自我,避免在工作场所被污名化的策略。方法:该研究使用了深度非结构化生活故事访谈的数据,该访谈通过电话对13人进行。参与者养成了各种有问题的大量使用物质的习惯。运用互动分析方法,运用Goffman的“常态”、“尴尬”、“面子工作”、“耻辱”和“表现”等概念对访谈进行分析。结果:分析确定了参与者在工作中使用的多种策略,以产生正常状态,避免尴尬和耻辱。这些行为包括:为了不表现出戒断症状而巧妙地使用药物,以各种方式隐藏他们大量使用药物,频繁更换工作,保持干净和专业的外表,以及将缺勤归因于精神或身体疾病。此外,参与者还有策略地避免了可能出现尴尬局面的社交接触。当不可能做到这一点时,他们就通过隐藏那些可能暗示异常的身体痕迹来操纵自己的外表。结论:分析指出,在工作中保持正常状态不仅仅是指试图掩盖药物对行为和身体的影响。它还揭示了参与者使用物质是为了能够精力充沛地完成他们的工作任务,并以这种方式表现自己是正常的工人。这种表现正常的矛盾心理使吸毒者的工作生活充满挑战。
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引用次数: 1
A holistic perspective on continuing care for substance use and dependence: Results and implications from an in-depth study of a Norwegian continuing care establishment 对物质使用和依赖的持续护理的整体观点:挪威持续护理机构深入研究的结果和影响
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221099702
S. Høyland, Astrid Schuchert, A. Mamen
This article explores, systematically and in depth, users’ perceptions of participating in a Norwegian non-profit establishment that provides a continuing care programme for substance use and dependence. Identified results are linked to a holistic system perspective, where human, technology, and organisation (HTO), as well as external environment, are viewed as intertwined. At the establishment level, i.e., where the continuing care programme is delivered, we find that a clear holistic and user-oriented profile – comprising combined interventions including physical and social activities – can create a safe and stable environment that exerts a positive mental and physical influence on the user and thereby promotes abstinence from substances. However, our results suggest that the internal environment needs to connect more strongly with the external environment, such as a substance-free network, close family, and working life. At the establishment level, we conclude that there is a need to develop an explicit strategy and practice for collaborating with the external environment, built on systemisation and application of individual users’ insights into the design of the current interventions. Further research should explore the presence and absence of interplays between elements of human, technology, and organisation and the external environment, and the associated consequences for intervention processes and users’ health outcomes. Our holistic system model, empirically informed by data from a Norwegian context, can represent a starting point for such endeavours. The holistic system model also constitutes an original and novel contribution to research on continuing care interventions.
这篇文章探讨,系统和深入,用户的看法参与挪威非营利机构,提供了一个持续的护理方案的物质使用和依赖。确定的结果与整体系统的观点相关联,其中人、技术和组织(HTO)以及外部环境被视为相互交织的。在机构一级,即在提供持续护理方案的地方,我们发现,一个明确的整体和面向用户的情况——包括包括身体和社会活动在内的综合干预措施——可以创造一个安全稳定的环境,对使用者的身心产生积极影响,从而促进戒除物质。然而,我们的研究结果表明,内部环境需要与外部环境有更强的联系,比如一个无物质的网络、亲密的家庭和工作生活。在建立层面,我们得出结论,有必要制定一个明确的战略和实践,与外部环境合作,建立在系统化和应用个人用户对当前干预措施设计的见解的基础上。进一步的研究应探讨人、技术和组织因素与外部环境之间是否存在相互作用,以及干预过程和使用者健康结果的相关后果。我们的整体系统模型,根据挪威背景的经验数据,可以代表这种努力的起点。整体系统模型也构成了对持续护理干预研究的原创和新颖贡献。
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引用次数: 2
Influencing adolescents’ attitudes towards nicotine products: A systematic review 影响青少年对尼古丁产品的态度:一项系统综述
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221096908
Anu Vaihekoski, H. Lagström, Sini Eloranta, Susanna Bäärs, Annika Hannula, Mari Lehvikkö, M. Salakari
Background and aim: Use of nicotine can harm adolescents’ brains and increase risk for future addiction to other drugs. Several international studies show that an acceptable attitude towards nicotine products increases the initiation or use of the products. Adolescents have limited or distorted knowledge about nicotine products. Many of them have a positive image of the properties and effects of nicotine products, which increases the chances of smoking or using snus. Yet, we know little about the relationship between youth nicotine use, youth attitudes towards nicotine products and the interventions to influence these attitudes. This systematic review synthesised adolescents’ attitudes towards nicotine products and the ways to influence them. Methods: Systematic searches were carried out from PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and MEDIC databases and were targeted to randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies published in 2010–2021. Results: A total of seven RCT studies were reviewed with a total population (age range 9–17 years, adolescents 11–17 years) of 15,974. Findings were classified into four categories: school-based interventions, tobacco prevention campaigns, advertisements’ influence on adolescents’ opinions towards nicotine products, and their responses to cigarette pack warnings. Conclusion: Based on this systematic literature review, particularly school-based interventions have an effect on adolescents’ attitudes towards smoking and preventing them from starting to smoke, when they are targeted before the age of puberty. School-based interventions should be further implemented and strengthened, as the school has been shown to have significant potential to support youth’s health. There is a need for further information about the most effective interventions in the different age groups and the qualitative studies on the topic.
背景和目的:使用尼古丁会损害青少年的大脑,并增加未来对其他药物上瘾的风险。一些国际研究表明,对尼古丁产品的可接受态度增加了产品的开始或使用。青少年对尼古丁产品的认识是有限的或扭曲的。他们中的许多人对尼古丁产品的特性和效果有积极的印象,这增加了吸烟或使用鼻烟的机会。然而,我们对青少年尼古丁使用、青少年对尼古丁产品的态度以及影响这些态度的干预措施之间的关系知之甚少。这篇系统综述综合了青少年对尼古丁产品的态度以及影响他们的方式。方法:系统检索PubMed、MEDLINE、CINAHL和MEDIC数据库,以2010-2021年发表的随机对照试验(RCT)研究为目标。结果:共回顾了7项RCT研究,总人群(年龄范围9-17岁,青少年11-17岁)15974人。研究结果被分为四类:学校干预、烟草预防运动、广告对青少年对尼古丁产品看法的影响,以及他们对香烟包装警告的反应。结论:基于这一系统的文献综述,特别是以学校为基础的干预措施可以影响青少年对吸烟的态度,并防止他们在青春期之前开始吸烟。应进一步实施和加强以学校为基础的干预措施,因为学校已被证明具有支持青年健康的巨大潜力。有必要进一步了解在不同年龄组中最有效的干预措施和关于这一专题的定性研究。
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引用次数: 3
Citizenship matters: Translating and adapting the Citizenship Measure to Norwegian. 公民身份问题:翻译和调整公民身份措施,以挪威语。
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211018604
Linda Nesse, Marianne Thorsen Gonzalez, Michael Rowe, Ruth Kjærsti Raanaas

Citizenship is considered intertwined with recovery, and may be a useful perspective for advancing quality of life among marginalised groups. Yet, matters of citizenship among persons with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems are underrepresented both in research and practice. Aims: In order to measure citizenship among persons with co-occurring problems in a Norwegian study, a measure of citizenship was translated from English to Norwegian. The aims of the study were to 1) translate and adapt the Citizenship Measure, developed by Rowe and colleagues at the Yale Program for Recovery and Community Health, to Norwegian, and 2) to assess the internal consistency and convergent validity of the Norwegian translated measure. Methods: The translation process was carried out using forward and back translation procedures. To examine measurement properties, a convenience sample of 104 residents with co-occurring problems living in supported housing completed the measure. Results: Two factors were identified, related to rights, and to relational citizenship. The Norwegian translation of the Citizenship Measure showed high internal consistency and adequate convergent validity. Conclusions: We argue that the measure can be useful in assessing perceived citizenship, and in initiating efforts to support citizenship among persons with co-occurring problems.

公民身份被认为与恢复交织在一起,可能是提高边缘化群体生活质量的有用视角。然而,同时存在药物使用和精神健康问题的人的公民身份问题在研究和实践中都没有得到充分体现。目的:在挪威的一项研究中,为了衡量有共同问题的人的公民身份,将公民身份的衡量标准从英语翻译成挪威语。本研究的目的是:1)翻译和调整由罗和他在耶鲁大学康复和社区健康项目的同事们开发的公民衡量标准,使之适用于挪威语;2)评估挪威语翻译后的衡量标准的内部一致性和收敛有效性。方法:采用正反译方法进行翻译。为了检验测量属性,104名居住在保障性住房中存在共同问题的居民作为方便样本完成了测量。结果:确定了与权利和关系公民身份相关的两个因素。挪威语翻译的Citizenship Measure具有较高的内部一致性和足够的收敛效度。结论:我们认为,该措施可用于评估感知公民身份,并在开始努力支持共同出现问题的人的公民身份。
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引用次数: 3
Esa Österberg (22 June 1948 – 26 September 2021)
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211058635
Thomas Karlsson, Mikaela Lindeman, P. Mäkelä, J. Simpura, C. Tigerstedt
In 1973, economist Esa Österberg was employed by the Finnish Social Research Institute for Alcohol Studies. He was recruited to collect data for national and international purposes on various indicators related to alcohol policy. Esa’s career spanned over four and a half decades. Only he and Robin Room have contributed to the entire chain of publications which started with Kettil Bruun et al. (Alcohol control policies in public health perspective, 1975) and was expanded, deepened and updated by Griffith Edwards et al. (Alcohol policy and the public good, 1994) and Thomas Babor et al. (Alcohol: No ordinary commodity, 1 edition 2004, 2 edition 2010, 3 edition 2021). Esa was a practical researcher. While, in those days, his colleagues encouraged him to write a doctoral thesis, Esa didn’t care for academic merits. Rather than theory and academic discourse, he loved numbers, figures and long statistical series which concretely showed what the world was like and how it changed. In the course of his career, these figures and series came to represent key aspects of his main object of research, i.e., alcohol policy. The majority of his 500 publications deal with prices and excise duties, availability, attitudes and opinions, registered and unregistered consumption, drinking and driving, as well as border trade and travellers’ alcohol imports. Indeed, Esa was a hoarder of statistical information and documentation, filling his shelves in his office with an abundance of national and international statistics, neatly organised in pedantically marked boxes. In addition to these boxes, binders and folders, we will not forget Esa’s never-ending, meticulous to-do lists, often carefully particularised and ranked with colored pencils. A good career is an orderly career! Neither will we forget his homemade (frozen) lunch soups, eaten while working, and his private coffee maker. In his office he kept his “number one suit”, as well as his “number two suit”, always ready to dress in accordance with the expected public event. All in all, Esa’s office was a well assorted micro cosmos, a place where he felt happy, both in solitude and with colleagues. Along the decades Esa had clearly different professional roles. In his first decades he assisted colleagues and stayed in the background, serving projects led by others. In the 1990s, when Finland entered the European Union (EU), Esa made his mark as a busy analyser of the impact of the EU on the Finnish alcohol policy system. However, this was only the prelude to his new role in the 2000s, when he became a well-known, usually respected and sometimes contested media person in Finland, answering tricky questions posed by journalists. Esa’s position as “Mr. Alcohol Policy” in Finland in the years from 2001 to 2017 is due to different factors. First, the tradition maintained by the Social Research Institute of
1973年,经济学家Esa Österberg受雇于芬兰社会研究所从事酒精研究。他受聘为国家和国际目的收集与酒精政策有关的各种指标的数据。欧空局的职业生涯跨越了45年。只有他和Robin Room对整个出版物链做出了贡献,该出版物链始于Kettil Bruun等人(公共卫生视角下的酒精控制政策,1975年),并由Griffith Edwards等人(酒精政策和公共利益,1994年)和Thomas Babor等人(酒精:非普通商品,2004年第1版,2010年第2版,2021年第3版)扩展,深化和更新。欧空局是一个务实的研究者。在那些日子里,他的同事们鼓励他写一篇博士论文,而Esa并不关心学术成绩。比起理论和学术论述,他更喜欢数字、图表和冗长的统计序列,它们具体地展示了世界是什么样子以及它是如何变化的。在他的职业生涯中,这些数字和系列代表了他主要研究对象的关键方面,即酒精政策。在他的500份出版物中,大多数涉及价格和消费税、可得性、态度和意见、登记和未登记消费、饮酒和驾驶,以及边境贸易和旅行者的酒精进口。事实上,欧空局是一个统计信息和文件的囤积者,他在办公室的架子上摆满了大量的国家和国际统计数据,这些统计数据整齐地组织在迂腐的标记框里。除了这些盒子、活页夹和文件夹,我们不会忘记Esa永无止境、一丝不苟的待办事项清单,这些清单通常都是用彩色铅笔仔细划分和排序的。好的事业是有序的事业!我们也不会忘记他在工作时自制的(冷冻)午餐汤和他的私人咖啡机。他把自己的“一号西装”和“二号西装”放在办公室里,随时准备着按照预期的公开活动穿着。总而言之,欧空局的办公室是一个各式各样的微型宇宙,无论是独处还是与同事在一起,他都感到很快乐。几十年来,欧空局扮演了明显不同的职业角色。在最初的几十年里,他帮助同事,待在幕后,为别人领导的项目服务。上世纪90年代,当芬兰加入欧盟(EU)时,欧空局作为欧盟对芬兰酒精政策体系影响的忙碌分析者而出名。然而,这只是他在21世纪初新角色的前奏,他在芬兰成为了一位知名的、通常受人尊敬的、有时也有争议的媒体人,回答记者提出的棘手问题。欧空局在2001年至2017年期间在芬兰成为“酒精政策先生”是由于不同的因素。第一,社会研究所所保持的传统
{"title":"Esa Österberg (22 June 1948 – 26 September 2021)","authors":"Thomas Karlsson, Mikaela Lindeman, P. Mäkelä, J. Simpura, C. Tigerstedt","doi":"10.1177/14550725211058635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14550725211058635","url":null,"abstract":"In 1973, economist Esa Österberg was employed by the Finnish Social Research Institute for Alcohol Studies. He was recruited to collect data for national and international purposes on various indicators related to alcohol policy. Esa’s career spanned over four and a half decades. Only he and Robin Room have contributed to the entire chain of publications which started with Kettil Bruun et al. (Alcohol control policies in public health perspective, 1975) and was expanded, deepened and updated by Griffith Edwards et al. (Alcohol policy and the public good, 1994) and Thomas Babor et al. (Alcohol: No ordinary commodity, 1 edition 2004, 2 edition 2010, 3 edition 2021). Esa was a practical researcher. While, in those days, his colleagues encouraged him to write a doctoral thesis, Esa didn’t care for academic merits. Rather than theory and academic discourse, he loved numbers, figures and long statistical series which concretely showed what the world was like and how it changed. In the course of his career, these figures and series came to represent key aspects of his main object of research, i.e., alcohol policy. The majority of his 500 publications deal with prices and excise duties, availability, attitudes and opinions, registered and unregistered consumption, drinking and driving, as well as border trade and travellers’ alcohol imports. Indeed, Esa was a hoarder of statistical information and documentation, filling his shelves in his office with an abundance of national and international statistics, neatly organised in pedantically marked boxes. In addition to these boxes, binders and folders, we will not forget Esa’s never-ending, meticulous to-do lists, often carefully particularised and ranked with colored pencils. A good career is an orderly career! Neither will we forget his homemade (frozen) lunch soups, eaten while working, and his private coffee maker. In his office he kept his “number one suit”, as well as his “number two suit”, always ready to dress in accordance with the expected public event. All in all, Esa’s office was a well assorted micro cosmos, a place where he felt happy, both in solitude and with colleagues. Along the decades Esa had clearly different professional roles. In his first decades he assisted colleagues and stayed in the background, serving projects led by others. In the 1990s, when Finland entered the European Union (EU), Esa made his mark as a busy analyser of the impact of the EU on the Finnish alcohol policy system. However, this was only the prelude to his new role in the 2000s, when he became a well-known, usually respected and sometimes contested media person in Finland, answering tricky questions posed by journalists. Esa’s position as “Mr. Alcohol Policy” in Finland in the years from 2001 to 2017 is due to different factors. First, the tradition maintained by the Social Research Institute of","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":"50 1","pages":"338 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88298135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Randomised controlled study of two counselling models at the Swedish alcohol helpline: Effectiveness and sustainability outcomes at 12-month follow-up. 瑞典酒精求助热线两种咨询模式的随机对照研究:12个月随访的有效性和可持续性结果
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211007823
Thi-Thuy-Dung Nguyen, Eleonor Säfsten, Filip Andersson, Maria Rosaria Galanti

Aim: This two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial explored the effectiveness of a brief counselling model compared with the usual multi-session counselling at an alcohol telephone helpline. Methods: A total of 320 callers who contacted the Swedish Alcohol Helpline (SAH) because of hazardous or harmful alcohol use were randomised to either brief structured intervention (self-help booklet plus one proactive call) or usual care (multi-session telephone counselling). The primary outcome was a downward shift in risk level at 12-month follow-up compared with baseline, based on self-reports. Sustained risk level reduction throughout the whole follow-up was also assessed as secondary outcome. Results: Both interventions were significantly associated with a shift to a lower level of risky alcohol use (75% among participants in the brief structured intervention, and 70% in the usual care group) after 12 months. There was no difference between the two interventions in the proportions changing alcohol use or sustaining risk level reduction. Conclusion: In the context of telephone helplines, minimal and extended interventions appear to be equally effective in promoting long-term change in alcohol use.

目的:这项双臂平行随机对照试验探讨了一个简短的咨询模式与通常的酒精求助电话多时段咨询的有效性。方法:共有320名因危险或有害使用酒精而联系瑞典酒精求助热线(SAH)的呼救者被随机分配到简短的结构化干预(自助手册加一个主动电话)或常规护理(多时段电话咨询)。主要结果是在12个月的随访中,与基线相比,基于自我报告的风险水平下降。在整个随访过程中持续的风险水平降低也被评估为次要结果。结果:12个月后,两种干预措施都与转向较低水平的危险酒精使用显著相关(在简短结构化干预组中为75%,在常规护理组中为70%)。在改变酒精使用或维持风险水平降低的比例方面,两种干预措施之间没有差异。结论:在电话求助热线的背景下,在促进长期改变酒精使用方面,最小干预和延长干预似乎同样有效。
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引用次数: 1
The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on services for substance use in Denmark: Implications for meeting users' needs and recommendations for the future. 2019冠状病毒病封锁对丹麦物质使用服务的影响:对满足用户需求的影响和对未来的建议。
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211069229
Adriana Del Palacio-Gonzalez, Birgitte Thylstrup, Esben Houborg

Background: The aim of this study was to document employees' experiences of changes in service provision for substance use disorders (SUDs) during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark (spring 2020), as well as to examine their relation to challenges in meeting the service users' needs. Methods: Employees (N = 373) working in SUD treatment and harm reduction services completed an online survey soon after the first national lockdown. The survey included questions about changes in service provision during the lockdown, perceived concerns of the service users, and challenges in meeting the users' emerging needs. Results: Employees reported some positive changes in service provisions, such as increased flexibility in appointments, administering medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and use of telehealth. Negative changes were related to reduced contact with practitioners and harm reduction facilities. Approximately one third of employees reported significant challenges in meeting the users' emerging needs. This was particularly so when users' concerns were about physical and mental well-being, and substance use. In regression models, negative changes in the access to practitioners and MAT administration (but not other changes) predicted difficulties meeting the users' needs. Conclusion: Employees in SUD treatment and harm reduction services in Denmark experienced both positive and negative changes as a result of the first lockdown. However, not all the provision changes were linked to challenges in meeting the users' needs. We discuss practical and research implications of our findings with a focus on the users' physical and mental health, use of telehealth, MAT, and overall service reorganisation.

背景:本研究的目的是记录丹麦第一次COVID-19封锁期间(2020年春季)员工对物质使用障碍(sud)服务提供变化的经历,并研究他们与满足服务用户需求方面的挑战之间的关系。方法:在第一次全国封锁后不久,在SUD治疗和减少危害服务部门工作的员工(N = 373)完成了在线调查。调查的问题包括封锁期间服务提供的变化、服务用户所关注的问题以及在满足用户新出现的需求方面面临的挑战。结果:员工报告了服务提供方面的一些积极变化,如预约灵活性增加、实施药物辅助治疗(MAT)和远程医疗的使用。负面变化与减少与从业人员和减少伤害设施的接触有关。大约三分之一的员工报告在满足用户新出现的需求方面面临重大挑战。当用户关心的是身体和精神健康以及药物使用时,情况尤其如此。在回归模型中,获得从业人员和MAT管理的负面变化(但不是其他变化)预测了满足用户需求的困难。结论:丹麦SUD治疗和减少伤害服务的员工在第一次封城后经历了积极和消极的变化。但是,并非所有的规定变化都与满足用户需要方面的挑战有关。我们讨论了我们的研究结果的实际意义和研究意义,重点是用户的身心健康、远程医疗的使用、MAT和整体服务重组。
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引用次数: 2
Former inpatients' narratives of substance use four years after substance use disorder treatment: A qualitative follow-up study. 前住院病人药物使用障碍治疗四年后的药物使用叙述:一项质性随访研究。
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211050765
Jacob Hystad, Turid Wangensteen

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the narratives of former substance use disorder (SUD) inpatients about substance use after their discharge from long-term SUD treatment in 2017. Method: We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 11 former inpatients of SUD treatment. The data were analysed using a qualitative, thematic analysis model. Findings: During the analysis, two main themes emerged pertaining to participant reflections on substance use - their experience of non-problematic substance use (that is, substance use without declining into pre-treatment levels of misuse behaviours) and problematic substance use (that is, substance use associated with destructive patterns). All participants except one had engaged in substance use after their discharge three to four years ago. The commonly used substance was alcohol, which also appeared to be the most common substance for which there was consensus among the informants regarding non-problematic use. Conclusions: Most of the participants continued to use substances in some way, and some reported that such use did not affect them negatively. Healthcare providers and therapists in SUD treatment should avoid defining a relapse or failed treatment outcome in concrete terms. What is perceived as an actual relapse or a failed treatment outcome is highly subjective. Furthermore, complete sobriety might not necessarily be the best or the only way to measure the SUD treatment stay. An improvement in the quality of life and well-being, even when core symptoms are still present, may be considered a successful treatment outcome.

目的:本研究旨在探讨2017年原物质使用障碍(SUD)住院患者长期服药出院后的物质使用情况。方法:对11例曾接受过SUD治疗的住院患者进行半结构化深度访谈。数据采用定性、专题分析模型进行分析。结果:在分析过程中,出现了与参与者对药物使用的反思有关的两个主要主题-他们的非问题药物使用经验(即,药物使用没有下降到治疗前的滥用行为水平)和问题药物使用(即,与破坏性模式相关的药物使用)。除一人外,所有参与者在三至四年前出院后都曾使用过药物。最常用的物质是酒精,这似乎也是最常见的物质,在无问题的使用方面,被调查者达成了共识。结论:大多数参与者继续以某种方式使用药物,有些人报告说这种使用对他们没有负面影响。治疗SUD的医疗保健提供者和治疗师应避免用具体的术语来定义复发或治疗失败的结果。什么被认为是真正的复发或失败的治疗结果是高度主观的。此外,完全清醒可能不一定是衡量SUD治疗时间的最佳或唯一方法。即使核心症状仍然存在,生活质量和福祉的改善也可能被认为是成功的治疗结果。
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引用次数: 2
New work on the brain and addiction. 大脑和成瘾的新研究。
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221092861
Matilda Hellman
The brain has become an important part of how we understand ourselves as human beings. Almost everything is nowadays explained by references to the mechanisms of the brain: consumption behaviour, political activity, career choice and marital status. In fact, it is difficult to come up with a single social phenomenon that has not yet been connected to the brain. It is a central and exciting part of the human biopsychosocial essence. This also applies to addiction. In the field of addiction studies, the neurosciences have been provided enormous space in the form of expectations and financial grants. According to the so-called brain disease model of addiction (BDMA), addiction is a chronic brain disease and it is thought that in the future it will be possible to medicate or manipulate the disease with various concrete tools. The evidence seems to be unequivocal: imaging of brains has shown how “kicks” of dopamine and serotonin light up in people who are addicted to alcohol or gambling even when only thinking about drinking or playing, not even engaging in the behaviour. In recent years, however, a rapidly growing group of scientific authorities – including several well-known neuroscientists – have pointed out how weak and relative the evidence for brain research really is. They believe that neither the brain nor addiction problems are as easily programmed as the BDMA suggests. The same activity in the brain has shown to take place in other contexts: in everyday situations such as when we watch sports competitions or exciting movies, or when we feel great nervousness and it then releases. Because of brain plasticity, it is almost impossible to diagnose a person’s bad habits solely on the basis of brain imaging. Does the image of the brain from last year still represent the brain as it looks today? How do you “tie” the appearance of the brain to the person and their life situation? Here, psychology has become the helper of the brain disease model in that it provides the neurosciences with concepts and phenomena to search for in the chemical processes of the brain.
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引用次数: 0
Positiva upplevelser av dopning: En kvalitativ studie av AAS-bruk och reflexiva kroppar [Positive experiences of doping: A qualitative study of AAS-use and reflexive bodies]. 兴奋剂的积极经验:原子吸收光谱法使用和反射体的定性研究[兴奋剂的积极经历:原子吸收光度法使用和反反射体的定量研究]。
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211053130
David Hoff

Research on doping usually has focused on social and individual problems, such as AAS-use in relations to substance abuse, criminality and health issues. The purpose of this study was to analyze the meaning of positive experiences of doping with Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS), outside the traditional sports competition context. Eight respondents with own AAS-experiences were interviewed. The theoretical framework was elaborated from Giddens' discussion on individuals' self-reflexivity and the construction of the self-identity in the late modern age. The respondents' narratives were analyzed in four themes: (1) To be big and strong - masculine self-identity; (2) Revenge and to become a part of a community; (3) AAS and training as an "exit" from risk behavior and substance use; (4) Euphoria generator and anxiety reducer. The themes were analyzed as different processes of the respondents' constructions of new self-identities and lifestyles using their reflexive bodies in body regimes where weight training and use of AAS were crucial.

对兴奋剂的研究通常侧重于社会和个人问题,例如与药物滥用、犯罪和健康问题有关的aas使用。本研究的目的是分析在传统体育比赛环境之外,使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇(AAS)的积极体验的意义。8名拥有aas经验的受访者接受了采访。这一理论框架是在近代后期吉登斯关于个体自我反身性和自我同一性建构的论述基础上形成的。调查对象的叙事分为四个主题:(1)“要大而强”——男性自我认同;(2)复仇并成为社区的一部分;(3) AAS和培训作为危险行为和药物使用的“出口”;(4)产生欣快感,减轻焦虑。这些主题被分析为受访者在体重训练和使用AAS至关重要的身体制度中使用他们的反射体构建新的自我身份和生活方式的不同过程。
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引用次数: 1
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Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
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