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Narkotikapolitikk i endring: Heroinklinikkenes oppkomst i Norge 变革中的毒品政策：挪威海洛因诊所的兴起

3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231207251

Rune Ellefsen

Sammendrag Bruk av heroin for behandling av personer med rusmiddelavhengighet er nytt i Norge. Heroinklinikkene markerer et brudd med de siste ti-årenes narkotikapolitikk og rusbehandling. I denne artikkelen beskrives endringene i myndighetenes forståelse av «narkotikaproblemet» og hvordan det bør håndteres. Heroinklinikkene utforskes som uttrykk for slik endring. For å forklare hvorfor og hvordan disse omstridte klinikkene ble en realitet presenteres en to-delt analyse: først av ideologiske endringer i narkotikapolitikken fra 1960-tallet til i dag, og så av den politiske debatten om heroinklinikkene som tok fart fra 2007. Artikkelen argumenterer for at de ideologiske endringene på det narkotikapolitiske feltet i stor grad muliggjorde den senere politiske prosessen som endte med etablering av heroinklinikkene. Analysen identifiserer tre atskilte forståelser av narkotikaproblemet som har eksistert gjennom hele 60-års perioden, og tre motstridende tilnærminger til heroinklinikkene som ble synlige i den politiske debatten. Ved å diskutere sammenfallet mellom disse forståelsene og tilnærmingene over tid bidrar artikkelen med å forklare heroinklinikkenes oppkomst i en bredere narkotikapolitisk sammenheng.

摘要在挪威，使用海洛因治疗药物依赖者是一项新生事物。海洛因诊所标志着与近几十年来的毒品政策和戒毒治疗的决裂。本文描述了当局对 "毒品问题 "的理解和处理方式的变化。海洛因诊所就是这一变化的体现。为了解释这些备受争议的诊所为何以及如何成为现实，文章分两部分进行了分析：首先分析了 20 世纪 60 年代至今毒品政策的意识形态变化，然后分析了从 2007 年开始势头强劲的有关海洛因诊所的政治辩论。文章认为，毒品政策领域的意识形态变化在很大程度上推动了随后的政治进程，而这一进程以海洛因诊所的建立而告终。文章分析了 60 年间对毒品问题的三种截然不同的理解，以及在政治辩论中显现出来的对海洛因诊所的三种相互矛盾的处理方式。通过讨论这些理解和方法随着时间的推移而趋于一致，文章有助于在更广泛的毒品政策背景下解释海洛因诊所的出现。

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引用次数: 0

Parental factors predicting social deviance and psychological outcomes in offspring: Evidence from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) 父母因素对后代社会越轨行为和心理结局的预测:来自Avon父母与儿童纵向研究(ALSPAC)的证据

3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231206015

Lloyd Balbuena, Mansfield Mela, AG Ahmed

Objective: The objective of the present study was to examine whether exposure to prenatal psychoactive substances is associated with psychological outcomes and deviant behaviour. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of 7,769 mother–child dyads in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) who were followed until the children were aged approximately 12 years. Parental characteristics and maternal use of various substances were collected in pregnancy and entered as predictors of psychological outcomes in childhood and deviant behaviours in early adolescence. The psychological outcomes were IQ, social cognition, working memory and inhibition, while the deviant behaviours were threatening others, truancy and cruelty to animals. Weighted logistic regression models were used to predict deviant behaviours and weighted linear regression for the psychological outcomes. Results: High prenatal alcohol exposure predicted truancy and cruelty to animals. Tobacco exposure predicted lower IQ, a greater social communication deficit, lower working memory, truancy and threatening others. Illicit drugs predicted a higher social communication deficit and truancy. All prenatal substance exposures remained significant after adjustment for peer influences and covariate imbalance. Conclusion: Alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs were associated with deviant behaviours in early adolescence and these behaviours were preceded by psychological deficits in childhood. The present study supports the guideline that no amount of alcohol is safe to consume in pregnancy and that tobacco and illicit drugs should be avoided.

目的:本研究的目的是检查产前接触精神活性物质是否与心理结局和异常行为有关。方法:这是对雅芳父母与儿童纵向研究(ALSPAC)中7769对母子二人组的二次分析，这些母子二人组一直被跟踪到孩子大约12岁。在怀孕期间收集父母的特征和母亲使用各种物质的情况，并将其作为儿童时期心理结果和青春期早期异常行为的预测因素。心理结果为智商、社会认知、工作记忆和抑制，异常行为为威胁他人、逃学和虐待动物。采用加权逻辑回归模型预测越轨行为，采用加权线性回归预测心理结果。结果:产前高酒精暴露预示着逃学和虐待动物。吸烟会导致智商下降、社交障碍、工作记忆力下降、逃学和威胁他人。非法药物预示着更高的社会沟通缺陷和逃学。在校正同伴影响和协变量不平衡后，所有产前物质暴露仍然显著。结论:酒精、烟草和非法药物与青少年早期的异常行为有关，这些行为发生在儿童时期的心理缺陷之前。目前的研究支持这一指导方针，即在怀孕期间饮酒是不安全的，应避免吸烟和非法药物。

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引用次数: 0

The dichotomy between health and drug abuse in bodybuilding 健美运动中健康与滥用药物的二分法

3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231206011

Jay Horn

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expansion and prevalence of anabolic steroid use by examining the divergent effects between health and drug abuse and to create more awareness around the harmful consequences of these drugs when administered at abusive levels. Methods: A focused and concise literature search was conducted, and 101 high-quality articles were included in the review. Results: The findings underscore the adverse health risks of steroid abuse, emphasizing the stark contrast between health and drug abuse. Conclusions: While steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs can yield muscle growth, strength and even fat loss, abusing these substances can lead to adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, within the fitness subculture, particularly in the realm of bodybuilding, steroid abuse fosters an atmosphere of cheating and deception, frequently downplaying or ignoring the negative and sometimes deadly consequences it brings.

目的:本研究的目的是通过检查健康与药物滥用之间的不同影响，调查合成代谢类固醇使用的扩大和普遍程度，并提高人们对滥用这些药物的有害后果的认识。方法:进行重点简明的文献检索，纳入101篇高质量文献。结果:研究结果强调了类固醇滥用的不良健康风险，强调了健康与药物滥用之间的鲜明对比。结论:虽然类固醇和其他提高成绩的药物可以使肌肉生长，力量甚至脂肪减少，但滥用这些物质会导致不良的健康结果。此外，在健身亚文化中，特别是在健美领域，类固醇滥用助长了一种欺骗和欺骗的氛围，经常淡化或忽视它带来的负面影响，有时甚至是致命的后果。

引用次数: 0

Reasons for not entering opioid agonist treatment: A survey among high-risk opioid users in Finland 不进入阿片类激动剂治疗的原因:芬兰高危阿片类药物使用者的调查

3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231204723

Tuire Prami, Mari Pölkki, Jarno Ruotsalainen, Elin Banke Nordbeck, Susanna Meyner, Ari Kaski

Aims: To characterise and understand the untreated high-risk opioid user population in Finland, and to determine the reasons why these people do not enter treatment. Methods: The study setting was a half-year cross-sectional survey in Finland during 2021–2022. An electronic questionnaire with 24 structured questions was concluded in 16 needle exchange units. Participants were opioid-dependent people without opioid agonist treatment (OAT), and they answered the survey voluntarily and anonymously. Results: Of the 167 respondents, 62% were men, 53% were aged ≤34 years, 66% had used opioids for >6 years, and 78% used drugs intravenously (IV) daily. The most used opioid (95%) was buprenorphine. Most respondents used opioids as self-medication for withdrawal symptoms (75%), or to treat psychological symptoms (59%) or pain (43%). Of them, 70% also used other substances for recreational purposes. The most common named reasons to stay outside OAT were as follows: seeking treatment is too difficult (37%); treatment is too binding (36%); and fear of actions from authorities (23%). Conclusions: For opioid-dependent respondents who would be eligible for OAT in Finland, treatment awareness is limited. These high-risk opioid users also think that the treatment would be too binding. In conclusion, there is a need for increase in general information about, accessibility to, acceptance for and individualisation of OAT.

目的:描述和了解芬兰未经治疗的高危阿片类药物使用者人群，并确定这些人不接受治疗的原因。方法:研究设置为2021-2022年在芬兰进行为期半年的横断面调查。在16个针具交换单位完成了一份包含24个结构化问题的电子问卷。参与者是阿片类药物依赖者，没有阿片类药物激动剂治疗(OAT)，他们自愿匿名回答了调查。结果:167名被调查者中，男性占62%，年龄≤34岁的占53%，使用阿片类药物6年的占66%，每日静脉注射阿片类药物的占78%。使用最多的阿片类药物是丁丙诺啡(95%)。大多数答复者使用阿片类药物作为戒断症状的自我药物(75%)，或治疗心理症状(59%)或疼痛(43%)。其中，70%的人还出于娱乐目的使用其他物质。最常见的原因是:寻求治疗太困难(37%);治疗约束性太强(36%);以及害怕当局采取行动(23%)。结论:对于在芬兰有资格获得OAT的阿片类药物依赖应答者，治疗意识有限。这些高风险的阿片类药物使用者也认为这种治疗太有约束力了。总之，有必要增加关于OAT的一般信息、可及性、接受度和个性化。

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引用次数: 0

Relational parenthood in addiction recovery 成瘾康复中的关系亲子关系

3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231202071

Arja Ruisniemi, Maritta Itäpuisto, Katja Kuusisto

Aims: The purpose of this research was to elicit how parents attending family-focused substance abuse treatment construct their parenthood in relation to other people. Design: Relational parenthood of addiction treatment attendees is scrutinised from seven thematic interviews carried out in a community-based inpatient substance abuse treatment unit in Finland. The core analytical concept of the research is relationality. The data were first content coded via Atlas.ti22 and the relations and codes classified into the five following parenthood types emerging from the data: (1) worn-out; (2) coping; (3) ambivalent; (4) changing; and (5) supported. Content codes and parenthood types were cross-tabulated to ascertain how these types are emphasised in different relationships. Results: Worn-out and coping parenthood types emerged in the closest relationships, mostly with their own children and the other parent. Ambivalent parenthood was present in all relations as expressions of inner conflict, which can lead to changing parenthood. Changing parenthood emerged in relation to interviewees’ own children as an empowering experience. It also emerged in relation to other people as readiness to accept help. Supported parenthood was most often found in relation to significant others and professionals, presumably due to the context of the interviews. Conclusion: The parenthood types illustrate how parenting changes over time, which is also an important part of social identity change in recovering from addiction. In treatment, it is extremely important to understand the different sides of parenthood and to use the information to strengthen clients’ parenthood.

目的:本研究的目的是探讨参加以家庭为中心的药物滥用治疗的父母如何在与其他人的关系中构建他们的父母身份。设计:在芬兰以社区为基础的住院药物滥用治疗单位中，对成瘾治疗参与者的关系亲子关系进行了仔细审查。本研究的核心分析概念是相关性。这些数据首先通过Atlas进行内容编码。Ti22和从数据中得出的以下五种亲子关系类型的关系和代码:(1)磨损;(2)应对;(3)矛盾;(4)改变;(5)支持。内容代码和亲子关系类型被交叉制表，以确定这些类型在不同关系中是如何被强调的。结果:疲惫型和应对型父母出现在最亲密的关系中，主要是与自己的孩子和父母中的另一方。矛盾的父母身份存在于所有关系中，表现为内心冲突，这可能导致父母身份的改变。改变父母身份与受访者自己的孩子有关，这是一种赋权的经历。它也表现为乐于接受他人的帮助。赡养型父母最常出现在与重要的他人和专业人士的关系中，大概是由于采访的背景。结论:亲子关系类型说明了亲子关系随时间的变化，这也是戒毒过程中社会认同变化的重要组成部分。在治疗中，了解为人父母的不同方面，并利用这些信息来加强来访者的为人父母意识是极其重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Cumulative risk factors for injuries and poisoning requiring hospital care in youth with prenatal substance exposure: A longitudinal controlled cohort study 产前物质暴露的青少年受伤和中毒需要住院治疗的累积危险因素:一项纵向对照队列研究

3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231202074

Anne M. Koponen, Mika Gissler, Niina-Maria Nissinen, Ilona Autti-Rämö, Hanna Kahila, Taisto Sarkola

Aim: To investigate whether the youth with prenatal substance exposure (PSE) (aged 15–24 years, n = 615) had been in hospital care more often due to injuries and poisoning in comparison with unexposed matched controls ( n = 1787). Methods: Data from medical records (exposure) and national health and social welfare registers (outcome and confounders) were combined and youths were monitored from birth until either outpatient or inpatient hospital care for injury or poisoning, death or the end of the study period (December 2016). Cox regression models were used in the analyses accounting for associated child and maternal risk factors. Results: Half (50.4%) of the exposed group and 40.6% of controls had been in hospital care due to injury or poisoning during the follow-up ( p < 0.001). The difference between groups was diminished after controlling for postnatal child and maternal risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–1.07, p > 0.05). Cumulative adversity, especially out-of-home care in combination with a diagnosed attention or behavioural dysregulation problem, posed the highest risk in both groups (exposed: HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24–2.19, p < 0.001; controls: HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.33–2.56, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hospital care for injury and poisoning is more common in youth with PSE, but this is largely explained by the related postnatal child and maternal factors. Long-term support to families with maternal substance abuse problems could prevent injury and poisoning among youth with PSE.

目的:探讨产前物质暴露(PSE)青少年(15-24岁，n = 615)是否比未暴露的对照组(n = 1787)更频繁地因伤害和中毒住院。方法:结合医疗记录(暴露)和国家卫生和社会福利登记(结果和混杂因素)的数据，从出生到门诊或住院治疗受伤或中毒、死亡或研究期结束(2016年12月)，对青少年进行监测。Cox回归模型用于分析相关的儿童和孕产妇危险因素。结果:半数(50.4%)的暴露组和40.6%的对照组在随访期间曾因受伤或中毒住院治疗(p <0.001)。在控制了产后儿童和母亲的危险因素后，组间差异减小(危险比[HR] = 0.88, 95%可信区间[CI] 0.72-1.07, p >0.05)。在两组中，累积的逆境，特别是与诊断出的注意力或行为失调问题相结合的户外护理，构成了最高的风险(暴露:HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.19, p <0.001;对照组:HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.33-2.56, p <0.001)。结论:创伤和中毒在青少年PSE患者中更为常见，但这在很大程度上是由相关的产后儿童和母亲因素造成的。对有母亲药物滥用问题的家庭给予长期支持，可预防PSE青少年受伤和中毒。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring Lithuanian social workers’ attitudes towards individuals with alcohol usage problems 探讨立陶宛社会工作者对有酗酒问题的个人的态度

3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231202070

Justina Kievišienė

Aim: Social workers are at the front line of helping individuals experiencing alcohol usage, due to their professional duties, ideology and values that underpin it. In Lithuania, where social work still continues to develop in both practice and education, it is crucial to supplement with relevant information to strengthen social work's response to issues with alcohol usage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore social workers’ attitudes towards individuals with alcohol usage problems. Methods: In total, 149 Lithuanian social workers completed a web survey that gathered information about education, work experience and workplace, and filled in the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ) to measure their attitude towards individuals with alcohol usage problems. Results: The social workers showed a positive attitude towards individuals with alcohol usage problems (mean 35.81 [SD 4.8]). Attitude domain analysis revealed Role Legitimacy (91.3% above the midpoint) to reflect the most positive attitudes and Work Satisfaction (24.2% above the midpoint) to reflect the least positive attitudes. Those with master's degrees scored higher on the total SAAPPQ (t = −2.44, p = 0.016) and its subscales Work Satisfaction (t = −2.52, p = 0.013) and Therapeutic Commitment (t = −2.21, p = 0.029). Having 6–13 years of work experience (mean SAAPPQ = 37.02 [SD 5.11]) was associated with a more positive attitude compared to those with less than 5 years of experience (mean SAAPPQ = 34.08 [SD 3.87]). Conclusion: Although social workers understand their professional responsibility to work with individuals with alcohol usage problems, their dedication to work, motivation and task-specific self-esteem are low. The results also support education, as those with master's degrees showed more positive attitudes. This study further encourages support for social workers just beginning their career, who might report lower attitudes towards individuals with alcohol usage problems.

目的:由于社会工作者的职业职责、意识形态和价值观，他们处于帮助酗酒者的第一线。在立陶宛，社会工作在实践和教育方面仍在继续发展，补充相关信息以加强社会工作对酗酒问题的反应至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是探讨社会工作者对有酒精使用问题的个人的态度。方法:共有149名立陶宛社会工作者完成了一项网络调查，收集了有关教育、工作经历和工作场所的信息，并填写了简短的酒精和酒精问题感知问卷(SAAPPQ)，以衡量他们对有酒精使用问题的个人的态度。结果:社会工作者对有酒精使用问题的个体持积极态度(平均35.81人[SD 4.8])。态度域分析显示，角色合法性(高于中点91.3%)反映了最积极的态度，工作满意度(高于中点24.2%)反映了最不积极的态度。拥有硕士学位的人在SAAPPQ总分(t = - 2.44, p = 0.016)及其子量表工作满意度(t = - 2.52, p = 0.013)和治疗承诺(t = - 2.21, p = 0.029)上得分更高。有6-13年工作经验者(平均SAAPPQ = 37.02 [SD 5.11])比工作经验不足5年者(平均SAAPPQ = 34.08 [SD 3.87])具有更积极的态度。结论:尽管社会工作者明白他们的职业责任是帮助有酗酒问题的个体，但他们对工作的投入、动机和任务特异性自尊都很低。调查结果也支持教育，拥有硕士学位的人表现出更积极的态度。这项研究进一步鼓励支持刚开始职业生涯的社会工作者，他们可能对有酒精使用问题的个人态度较低。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the early influence of COVID-19 in an analysis of the immediate implementation of Minimum Pricing for Alcohol on drinkers in Wales 在分析立即实施酒精最低定价对威尔士饮酒者的影响时，评估COVID-19的早期影响

3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231202066

Katy Holloway, Marian Buhociu, Shannon Murray, Wulf Livingston, Andy Perkins

Background: The Welsh Government has commissioned a number of projects to consider the influence their implementation of Minimum Pricing for Alcohol (MPA) legislation in March 2020 had on the alcohol consumption and related behaviours of drinkers. Given the MPA's overlap with the COVID-19 pandemic and its related lockdown measures and restrictions, this rapidly became a story about the early impact of COVID-19 as it did MPA. This paper captures the core thematic messages from this specific strand of work, and in doing so reflects on (1) how early experiences of COVID-19 and the first lockdown influenced consumption and purchasing of alcohol behaviours and, in turn, (2) how relevant the introduction of MPA was for any of these. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone with 32 drinkers 9 months after the implementation of the legislation in March 2020. The sample was recruited from three sources: the National Survey for Wales; a third sector organisation offering housing support to the homeless; and through an online survey on MPA. Results: COVID-19 had more relevance than MPA to drinkers. Furthermore, when MPA did have an influence on their behaviour, it was felt most keenly by the harmful drinkers in the study. These drinkers described spending more on alcohol, switching to other potentially more harmful substances, such as crack cocaine and synthetic cannabinoids, and more involvement in acquisitive crime and begging after the price increase. While our results might be an early indication of the influence of MPA on harmful drinkers, the small sample of this group in our study limits the generalisability of the findings. Conclusion: To date, the implementation of MPA has had little influence on the drinking patterns or lives of the drinkers in our sample. It is important that future research examines the longer-term influences of MPA before any conclusions on its effectiveness can be drawn.

背景:威尔士政府已委托开展了若干项目，以考虑其在2020年3月实施的酒精最低定价立法对饮酒者的酒精消费和相关行为的影响。鉴于MPA与COVID-19大流行及其相关的封锁措施和限制重叠，这迅速成为关于COVID-19对MPA的早期影响的故事。本文捕捉了这一特定工作链的核心主题信息，并在此过程中反思了(1)COVID-19的早期经历和第一次封锁如何影响酒精消费和购买行为，以及(2)MPA的引入对这些行为的相关性如何。方法:在2020年3月立法实施9个月后，对32名饮酒者进行半结构化电话访谈。样本来自三个来源:威尔士全国调查;为无家可归者提供住房支持的第三部门组织;以及通过MPA的在线调查。结果:COVID-19与饮酒者的相关性高于MPA。此外，当MPA确实对他们的行为产生影响时，研究中有害饮酒者的感受最为强烈。这些饮酒者说，他们在酒精上花了更多的钱，转而购买其他可能更有害的物质，如快克可卡因和合成大麻素，在价格上涨后，他们更多地参与了掠夺性犯罪和乞讨。虽然我们的研究结果可能是MPA对有害饮酒者影响的早期迹象，但我们研究中这一群体的小样本限制了研究结果的普遍性。结论:到目前为止，MPA的实施对我们样本中饮酒者的饮酒模式或生活几乎没有影响。重要的是，在得出任何关于其有效性的结论之前，未来的研究应检查MPA的长期影响。

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引用次数: 0

Drug treatment service procurement: A systematic review of models, goals, and outcomes. 药物治疗服务采购：对模式、目标和结果的系统审查

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/14550725231157503

Taina Schneider, Kristiina Kuussaari, Petri Virtanen

Aim: To explore the goals and outcomes of public procurement of drug treatment services in OECD countries. The study explores how these complex services are procured and delivered. Methods and data: A systematic review of the literature (1990-2020) identified four partly overlapping models of drug treatment service procurement that are here labelled traditional, value-based, outcome-based, and innovative. Results: Even though different forms of drug treatment services procurement are common, only 12 empirical studies that focused on procurement were found. The four models differ in their approaches to design and performance specifications and the role of competition and collaboration in the co-creation of value. Conclusions: Competition and incentives improve neither the efficiency nor the quality or the outcomes of complex drug treatment services. Whereas many studies focus on payment mechanisms, there are important research gaps that relate to the co-creation of value with and for the service-users and other stakeholders.

目的：探讨经合组织国家药物治疗服务公共采购的目标和结果。该研究探讨了如何采购和提供这些复杂的服务。方法和数据：对文献的系统回顾（1990-2020）确定了四种部分重叠的药物治疗服务采购模式，这些模式在这里被标记为传统、基于价值、基于结果和创新。结果：尽管不同形式的药物治疗服务采购很常见，但只发现了12项侧重于采购的实证研究。这四种模式在设计和性能规范的方法以及竞争和合作在共同创造价值中的作用方面有所不同。结论：竞争和激励既不能提高复杂药物治疗服务的效率，也不能提高质量或结果。尽管许多研究侧重于支付机制，但在与服务用户和其他利益相关者共同创造价值以及为其共同创造价值方面存在重要的研究空白。

引用次数: 0

Problematic parental substance use, childhood family structures and adverse outcomes in young adulthood. 有问题的父母物质使用，童年家庭结构和成年后的不良后果

IF 1.7 3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221143177

Kirsten Søndergaard Frederiksen, Morten Hesse, Mads Uffe Pedersen

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between childhood family structures, including the presence or absence of problematic parental substance use (PPSU), and adverse outcomes during adolescence/young adulthood. Methods: The study population included 9,770 young people (aged 15-25 years) from samples drawn for two national surveys in Denmark during 2014-2015. By combining surveys with national register data, five types of childhood family structures were constructed based on whether the child experienced PPSU and/or family separation and the number of years the child lived with a parent with substance use problems. Using binary logistic regression models, the relationships between family structure and adverse outcomes in young adulthood (i.e., hospital admissions, mental disorders and criminality) were investigated. Results: Young people who experienced PPSU and did not live with both parents had higher odds of the different long-term adverse outcomes compared with young people who did not experience PPSU, and similar odds of the outcomes compared to youth who had not experienced PPSU and did not live with both parents. The highest odds of adverse outcomes were found among young people who experienced PPSU and lived with the parent with substance use problems for less than five years. Conclusions: Living with both parents protected against adverse outcomes in young adulthood, and if PPSU was present, the odds of adverse outcomes increased. The hypothesis that there would be a positive association between years living with a parent with substance use problems and adverse outcomes in young adulthood was not supported. Awareness should be raised in health service, educational and legal institutions about the risk for young people from families with PPSU who do not live with both parents.

目的:本研究的目的是调查儿童家庭结构(包括存在或不存在问题的父母物质使用(PPSU))与青春期/青年期不良后果之间的关系。方法:研究人群包括9,770名年轻人(15-25岁)，来自2014-2015年丹麦两次全国调查的样本。通过将调查与国家登记数据相结合，根据儿童是否经历过PPSU和/或家庭分离以及儿童与有物质使用问题的父母一起生活的年数，构建了五种儿童家庭结构。使用二元逻辑回归模型，调查了家庭结构与青年期不良后果(即住院、精神障碍和犯罪)之间的关系。结果:与没有经历过PPSU的年轻人相比，经历过PPSU且未与父母共同生活的年轻人出现不同长期不良结果的几率更高，与没有经历过PPSU且未与父母共同生活的年轻人相比，结果的几率相似。发生不良后果的几率最高的是那些经历过PPSU并且与有药物使用问题的父母一起生活不到五年的年轻人。结论:与父母共同生活可以防止青少年不良后果的发生，如果存在PPSU，不良后果的发生几率会增加。与有药物使用问题的父母一起生活的年份与成年后的不良后果之间存在正相关的假设没有得到支持。保健服务、教育和法律机构应提高对不与父母同住的患有产后抑郁症家庭的年轻人所面临的风险的认识。

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引用次数: 1