SummaryMost foraging, especially for wild edible plants, is a seasonal occupation, impacted by weather in the short term and climate change in the long term. In Crete today, foraging not only supplements the diet but is a valued inter‐generational social activity. Foraging activities are not directly mentioned in the Late Bronze Age Linear B tablets from Crete, suggesting that most were the purview of non‐elites. Here I present evidence for changes in seasonality during the Late Bronze Age and its possible impact on plant foraging. The Linear B and archaeological evidence for foraging activity and its relationship to elites and non‐elites is also discussed.
摘要大多数觅食活动，尤其是觅食野生食用植物，都是季节性活动，短期受天气影响，长期受气候变化影响。在今天的克里特岛，觅食不仅是对饮食的补充，也是一种重要的代际社交活动。克里特岛青铜时代晚期的 B 线石碑中没有直接提到觅食活动，这表明大多数觅食活动都是非贵族的活动。在此，我将介绍青铜时代晚期季节性变化的证据及其对植物觅食可能产生的影响。此外，还讨论了 B 线和考古证据中的觅食活动及其与精英和非精英的关系。
{"title":"BLOWING IN THE WIND: THE SEASONALITY OF FORAGING IN LATE BRONZE AGE CRETE","authors":"Jennifer Moody","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12300","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryMost foraging, especially for wild edible plants, is a seasonal occupation, impacted by weather in the short term and climate change in the long term. In Crete today, foraging not only supplements the diet but is a valued inter‐generational social activity. Foraging activities are not directly mentioned in the Late Bronze Age Linear B tablets from Crete, suggesting that most were the purview of non‐elites. Here I present evidence for changes in seasonality during the Late Bronze Age and its possible impact on plant foraging. The Linear B and archaeological evidence for foraging activity and its relationship to elites and non‐elites is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryAlthough traditionally the focus of Mycenaean studies has been the elite and the administrative centres referred to as ‘palaces’, nonetheless academics investigating Mycenaean society have increasingly turned their attention to nonpalatial sectors of society. This article investigates the different levels of society that are recorded within two Linear B land tenure series, specifically the Ep and Ea series. The Ep tablets record the landholdings of the inhabitants of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, a damos that was home to Pylos's most significant sanctuary. A steep hierarchy is demonstrated for its inhabitants by the relative sizes of their landholdings, with prominent religious personnel among those at the top and many ‘servants of the deity’ at the bottom. The Ea damos, in contrast, differs in the professional titles of the landholders—craftsmen and animal herders are prevalent—and in the relative sizes of the landholdings: the Ea series records plots of land that were more equitably sized and generally larger than those of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne. The Ea series can likely be considered as more representative of Mycenaean damoi than pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, which could indicate that the social structure of typical Mycenaean communities was not steeply hierarchical, and perhaps more egalitarian than may have been thought.
摘要尽管传统上迈锡尼研究的重点是精英阶层和被称为 "宫殿 "的行政中心，但研究迈锡尼社会的学者们已越来越多地将注意力转向非宫殿的社会阶层。本文研究了两个线性 B 土地使用权系列（特别是 Ep 和 Ea 系列）中记录的不同社会阶层。Ep 片记录了 pa-ki-ja-ne 居民的土地所有权，这是皮洛斯最重要的避难所所在地。从土地的相对大小可以看出，这里的居民等级森严，最上层是著名的宗教人士，最下层则是许多 "神的仆人"。相比之下，Ea damos 的不同之处在于土地所有者的职业头衔--手工业者和畜牧业者居多，以及土地的相对面积：Ea 系列记录的土地面积更加公平，一般比 pa-ki-ja-ne 的土地面积更大。与 pa-ki-ja-ne 相比，Ea 系列可能更能代表迈锡尼的 damoi，这可能表明典型迈锡尼社区的社会结构并非等级森严，也许比人们想象的更加平等。
{"title":"HOW ELITIST WERE TYPICAL MYCENAEAN COMMUNITIES? INVESTIGATING RELATIVE STATUS IN MYCENAEAN DAMOI THROUGH THE LANDHOLDERS OF THE PYLOS EP AND EA SERIES","authors":"Susan Lupack","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12302","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryAlthough traditionally the focus of Mycenaean studies has been the elite and the administrative centres referred to as ‘palaces’, nonetheless academics investigating Mycenaean society have increasingly turned their attention to nonpalatial sectors of society. This article investigates the different levels of society that are recorded within two Linear B land tenure series, specifically the Ep and Ea series. The Ep tablets record the landholdings of the inhabitants of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, a damos that was home to Pylos's most significant sanctuary. A steep hierarchy is demonstrated for its inhabitants by the relative sizes of their landholdings, with prominent religious personnel among those at the top and many ‘servants of the deity’ at the bottom. The Ea damos, in contrast, differs in the professional titles of the landholders—craftsmen and animal herders are prevalent—and in the relative sizes of the landholdings: the Ea series records plots of land that were more equitably sized and generally larger than those of pa‐ki‐ja‐ne. The Ea series can likely be considered as more representative of Mycenaean damoi than pa‐ki‐ja‐ne, which could indicate that the social structure of typical Mycenaean communities was not steeply hierarchical, and perhaps more egalitarian than may have been thought.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"OUTSIDE THE NETWORK: FINDING ‘OTHERS’ AND THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE AEGEAN BRONZE AGE","authors":"Senta C. German, Anna Simandiraki‐Grimshaw","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryDiachronic research of social status differences in diet reveals a dynamic interplay of cultural, economic, and technological forces that have shaped the food choices of individuals across the past centuries. In this paper we focus on food and related practices at Palatial Knossos on Crete in the mid‐second millennium BC and review palaeodietary stable carbon and nitrogen isotope (δ13C and δ15N) data from two cemeteries to explore evidence for embodied social variation during the site’s uncontested heyday in the Neo‐palatial Period (c.1700 to 1500 BC). We show that analysis by sex and tomb suggests no significant social differentiation in access to food resources. Instead, temporal trends reveal increased availability of animal protein during the Neo‐palatial period, aligning with Knossos' political and economic supremacy. We argue that the equitable living circumstances at Knossos during the Neo‐palatial period may have contributed to the absence of factional competition and social unrest, potentially explaining the site's continuity into Post‐palatial times despite widespread destructions elsewhere on Crete. Overall, the findings shed light on the complex interplay between diet, social structure, and historical context at Neo‐palatial Knossos.
{"title":"EATING LIKE THE ELITE AT NEO‐PALATIAL KNOSSOS","authors":"Argyro Nafplioti","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12305","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryDiachronic research of social status differences in diet reveals a dynamic interplay of cultural, economic, and technological forces that have shaped the food choices of individuals across the past centuries. In this paper we focus on food and related practices at Palatial Knossos on Crete in the mid‐second millennium BC and review palaeodietary stable carbon and nitrogen isotope (δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C and δ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N) data from two cemeteries to explore evidence for embodied social variation during the site’s uncontested heyday in the Neo‐palatial Period (c.1700 to 1500 BC). We show that analysis by sex and tomb suggests no significant social differentiation in access to food resources. Instead, temporal trends reveal increased availability of animal protein during the Neo‐palatial period, aligning with Knossos' political and economic supremacy. We argue that the equitable living circumstances at Knossos during the Neo‐palatial period may have contributed to the absence of factional competition and social unrest, potentially explaining the site's continuity into Post‐palatial times despite widespread destructions elsewhere on Crete. Overall, the findings shed light on the complex interplay between diet, social structure, and historical context at Neo‐palatial Knossos.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryDespite the regular appearance of peak sanctuaries, for over a century, in discussions on the organization of Cretan Bronze Age society, uncertainty still looms over the precise position these places of congregation held in the island’s complex network of sites. One of the causes behind this academic situation is their methodological treatment. Particularly problematic is the customary scholarly practice of defining the sites’ political affiliation, and their visitors’ economic status, according to dichotomizing and somewhat reductive criteria such as ‘palatial’/‘non‐palatial’ or ‘elite’/‘non‐elite’. Seeking to incorporate more nuance into the investigatory trajectory, this paper therefore encourages the implementation of more localized and materially‐founded analyses on the structure of the ritual activities held at these mysterious mountain‐tops. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a re‐examination of the ceramic figurines from Petsophas and the subsequent articulation of the existence of a communal dimension to their use and function. The study concludes that closer consideration of the simultaneously personal and collective significance of peak sanctuary ritual can yield further clues on their socio‐political role.
{"title":"ON THE STRUCTURE OF RITUAL ACTIVITY AND THE COLLECTIVE DIMENSION OF FIGURINE USE AT MINOAN PEAK SANCTUARIES","authors":"Céline Murphy","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12304","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryDespite the regular appearance of peak sanctuaries, for over a century, in discussions on the organization of Cretan Bronze Age society, uncertainty still looms over the precise position these places of congregation held in the island’s complex network of sites. One of the causes behind this academic situation is their methodological treatment. Particularly problematic is the customary scholarly practice of defining the sites’ political affiliation, and their visitors’ economic status, according to dichotomizing and somewhat reductive criteria such as ‘palatial’/‘non‐palatial’ or ‘elite’/‘non‐elite’. Seeking to incorporate more nuance into the investigatory trajectory, this paper therefore encourages the implementation of more localized and materially‐founded analyses on the structure of the ritual activities held at these mysterious mountain‐tops. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a re‐examination of the ceramic figurines from Petsophas and the subsequent articulation of the existence of a communal dimension to their use and function. The study concludes that closer consideration of the simultaneously personal and collective significance of peak sanctuary ritual can yield further clues on their socio‐political role.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SummaryIn the tradition of people’s history, the following is a hypothetical reconstruction of the life of a textile worker from Final‐palatial Knossos (c.1375–1050 BC). This reconstruction is built upon a broad array of archaeological, philological, ceramic, ethnographic, palaeobotanical and osteological studies. Although hypothetical, this data‐based, multidisciplinary reconstruction is offered as one way to get at lived experience of the non‐elite, and specifically of women, something presently lacking in the field of Aegean Prehistory.
{"title":"ONE WOMAN: THE DAILY LIFE OF A NON‐ELITE WOMAN IN FINAL‐PALATIAL CRETE","authors":"Senta C. German","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12299","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryIn the tradition of people’s history, the following is a hypothetical reconstruction of the life of a textile worker from Final‐palatial Knossos (c.1375–1050 BC). This reconstruction is built upon a broad array of archaeological, philological, ceramic, ethnographic, palaeobotanical and osteological studies. Although hypothetical, this data‐based, multidisciplinary reconstruction is offered as one way to get at lived experience of the non‐elite, and specifically of women, something presently lacking in the field of Aegean Prehistory.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pithos is an iconic Bronze Age clay storage vessel of size and expense. Those found in the Neo‐palatial phase (1800–1450 BC) of the harbour town of Mochlos, Crete are here investigated through a multi‐disciplinary approach. The pots belong to two traditions of coil‐based manufacturing processes: the piriform which is more standardized in this and employs the wheel to assist in the manufacture, and the hole‐mouth version that combines wheel manipulation and purely handmade processes (and is less regular as a result). After outlining the historical and social context in which these vases were produced, and with reference to ethnographical practices of the recent past in making such items, the manufacturing methods of both sorts are set forth, and their distribution across the site investigated. The likelihoods of their being the output of different sets of potters operating in the area are examined. Similarly the restricted employment of some elite‐related decorative cordons is scrutinized to see what may be deduced about the relationships between potter, vase‐owner and the wider palatial environment they all existed within. The inevitably tentative observations arrived at are however robust enough to provide parameters to work within when expanding the debate to include the other ceramic wares made and present on the site.
{"title":"LM IB PITHOI MAKERS: ROBUST AND BLENDED POTTERY PRODUCTION AT MOCHLOS","authors":"Jerolyn E. Morrison","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12298","url":null,"abstract":"The pithos is an iconic Bronze Age clay storage vessel of size and expense. Those found in the Neo‐palatial phase (1800–1450 BC) of the harbour town of Mochlos, Crete are here investigated through a multi‐disciplinary approach. The pots belong to two traditions of coil‐based manufacturing processes: the piriform which is more standardized in this and employs the wheel to assist in the manufacture, and the hole‐mouth version that combines wheel manipulation and purely handmade processes (and is less regular as a result). After outlining the historical and social context in which these vases were produced, and with reference to ethnographical practices of the recent past in making such items, the manufacturing methods of both sorts are set forth, and their distribution across the site investigated. The likelihoods of their being the output of different sets of potters operating in the area are examined. Similarly the restricted employment of some elite‐related decorative cordons is scrutinized to see what may be deduced about the relationships between potter, vase‐owner and the wider palatial environment they all existed within. The inevitably tentative observations arrived at are however robust enough to provide parameters to work within when expanding the debate to include the other ceramic wares made and present on the site.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rainer Feldbacher, Laura E. Alvarez, Yuko Miyauchi, Kirsi Lorentz, Peter M. Fischer
This study deals with the results of the 2023 fieldwork at the extramural cemetery of the Late Bronze Age harbour city of Hala Sultan Tekke. One of the three excavated tombs in 2023 was the undisturbed Chamber Tomb XX, which is dated around 1300 BC. It contained a riveted bronze mirror, a rare type in Cyprus at that time, which is part of a mortuary context of four individuals out of a total of 17 individuals and 264 complete objects, many of them imported from a vast area, which includes the Mycenaean, Minoan, Egyptian and Levantine cultures. The current paper presents this mirror and associated contexts. As regards the provenance of the mirror, the Aegean is suggested as the area of manufacture, and more precisely Crete, suggesting potential evidence of direct contact between individuals from Crete and Hala Sultan Tekke.
{"title":"AN AEGEAN MIRROR FROM HALA SULTAN TEKKE, CYPRUS","authors":"Rainer Feldbacher, Laura E. Alvarez, Yuko Miyauchi, Kirsi Lorentz, Peter M. Fischer","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12292","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the results of the 2023 fieldwork at the extramural cemetery of the Late Bronze Age harbour city of Hala Sultan Tekke. One of the three excavated tombs in 2023 was the undisturbed Chamber Tomb XX, which is dated around 1300 BC. It contained a riveted bronze mirror, a rare type in Cyprus at that time, which is part of a mortuary context of four individuals out of a total of 17 individuals and 264 complete objects, many of them imported from a vast area, which includes the Mycenaean, Minoan, Egyptian and Levantine cultures. The current paper presents this mirror and associated contexts. As regards the provenance of the mirror, the Aegean is suggested as the area of manufacture, and more precisely Crete, suggesting potential evidence of direct contact between individuals from Crete and Hala Sultan Tekke.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rock art of Alta, comprising more than 7000 rock carvings, is dated by shoreline chronology. It is unparalleled in Europe. The well-dated rock carvings make the material suitable for a temporal study of the rock art and the frequency of rock art production over c.5500 years. Based on new detailed elevation measurements performed by Alta Museum of the 92 panels with rock art and individual measurements of a total of 442 individual figures it is possible to discuss the temporal and spatial distribution of the rock art in Alta in detail. This up-to-date study shows that the rock art in Alta was made between c.5300 BC and AD 100 (6300–1900 BP). This raises the question whether the rock art record represents an even production of figures, accumulated gradually over more than five millennia, or whether there were more intensive phases of activity in the Alta area. Further, were all main areas used throughout the five millennia or did activities shift in the landscape? Based on the current record, the frequency of the rock art argues for a clear division of the material into four chronological phases. The material record shows an intense production in the earliest period from c.5300–4000 BC, with about 60% of the rock art being made then. The results from this study indicate that the rock carvings in Alta support a framework for the Alta rock art into four phases.
{"title":"FREQUENCY, PHASES AND CHRONOLOGY OF ROCK ART: SPATIOTEMPORAL STUDIES OF THE ALTA ROCK CARVINGS, NORTHERNMOST EUROPE","authors":"Jan Magne Gjerde","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12293","url":null,"abstract":"The rock art of Alta, comprising more than 7000 rock carvings, is dated by shoreline chronology. It is unparalleled in Europe. The well-dated rock carvings make the material suitable for a temporal study of the rock art and the frequency of rock art production over <i>c</i>.5500 years. Based on new detailed elevation measurements performed by Alta Museum of the 92 panels with rock art and individual measurements of a total of 442 individual figures it is possible to discuss the temporal and spatial distribution of the rock art in Alta in detail. This up-to-date study shows that the rock art in Alta was made between <i>c</i>.5300 BC and AD 100 (6300–1900 BP). This raises the question whether the rock art record represents an even production of figures, accumulated gradually over more than five millennia, or whether there were more intensive phases of activity in the Alta area. Further, were all main areas used throughout the five millennia or did activities shift in the landscape? Based on the current record, the frequency of the rock art argues for a clear division of the material into four chronological phases. The material record shows an intense production in the earliest period from <i>c</i>.5300–4000 BC, with about 60% of the rock art being made then. The results from this study indicate that the rock carvings in Alta support a framework for the Alta rock art into four phases.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper sets out new recommendations for recording structural iron nails. Despite their ubiquity, iron nails have received limited analytical and interpretative attention and recording practices are highly variable. Too often current recording is time-consuming and costly without providing meaningful information. This paper proposes a new recording methodology, developed through analysis of the Roman structural nail assemblage from the MHI A14 Cambridge-Huntingdon excavations alongside experiments in nail shaping, with wider context provided by medieval and post-medieval assemblages from the City of London. This approach includes a new nail typology, recommendations for bulk recording of basic details for whole assemblages (using counts and typologies), alongside detailed recording (shank morphology and further metric data) for certain nail groups. Shank morphology is a particularly important aspect proposed here, being indicative of how nails were used in antiquity.
{"title":"HOW DO YOU SOLVE A PROBLEM LIKE NAILS? A NEW, MULTI-PERIOD METHODOLOGY AND TYPOLOGY FOR RECORDING IRON NAILS","authors":"Katie J B Manby","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12291","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sets out new recommendations for recording structural iron nails. Despite their ubiquity, iron nails have received limited analytical and interpretative attention and recording practices are highly variable. Too often current recording is time-consuming and costly without providing meaningful information. This paper proposes a new recording methodology, developed through analysis of the Roman structural nail assemblage from the MHI A14 Cambridge-Huntingdon excavations alongside experiments in nail shaping, with wider context provided by medieval and post-medieval assemblages from the City of London. This approach includes a new nail typology, recommendations for bulk recording of basic details for whole assemblages (using counts and typologies), alongside detailed recording (shank morphology and further metric data) for certain nail groups. Shank morphology is a particularly important aspect proposed here, being indicative of how nails were used in antiquity.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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