This paper sets out new recommendations for recording structural iron nails. Despite their ubiquity, iron nails have received limited analytical and interpretative attention and recording practices are highly variable. Too often current recording is time-consuming and costly without providing meaningful information. This paper proposes a new recording methodology, developed through analysis of the Roman structural nail assemblage from the MHI A14 Cambridge-Huntingdon excavations alongside experiments in nail shaping, with wider context provided by medieval and post-medieval assemblages from the City of London. This approach includes a new nail typology, recommendations for bulk recording of basic details for whole assemblages (using counts and typologies), alongside detailed recording (shank morphology and further metric data) for certain nail groups. Shank morphology is a particularly important aspect proposed here, being indicative of how nails were used in antiquity.
{"title":"HOW DO YOU SOLVE A PROBLEM LIKE NAILS? A NEW, MULTI-PERIOD METHODOLOGY AND TYPOLOGY FOR RECORDING IRON NAILS","authors":"Katie J B Manby","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12291","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sets out new recommendations for recording structural iron nails. Despite their ubiquity, iron nails have received limited analytical and interpretative attention and recording practices are highly variable. Too often current recording is time-consuming and costly without providing meaningful information. This paper proposes a new recording methodology, developed through analysis of the Roman structural nail assemblage from the MHI A14 Cambridge-Huntingdon excavations alongside experiments in nail shaping, with wider context provided by medieval and post-medieval assemblages from the City of London. This approach includes a new nail typology, recommendations for bulk recording of basic details for whole assemblages (using counts and typologies), alongside detailed recording (shank morphology and further metric data) for certain nail groups. Shank morphology is a particularly important aspect proposed here, being indicative of how nails were used in antiquity.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Vallejo‐Casas, Gisela Ripoll, Margarita Sánchez Romero, Mercedes Murillo‐Barroso
SummaryAmber is a material of great social value that has been identified at various archaeological sites on the Iberian peninsula dating to Late Antiquity. The objects, mostly necklace beads, have been discussed to date with limited results in relation to a small number of studies. This article presents the characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of 52 amber beads from four Late Antique necropolises in the province of Granada (south‐eastern Iberian peninsula): Cortijo del Chopo (Colomera), El Castillón (Montefrío), Marugán (Atarfe) and Fuente Santa (Loja). The results obtained demonstrate the Baltic origin of the amber at these sites and advance our knowledge of this type of product in Hispanic Late Antique funerary contexts.
摘要琥珀是一种具有重要社会价值的材料，在伊比利亚半岛的多个考古遗址中都发现了这种材料，其年代可追溯到古代晚期。迄今为止，对这些物品（主要是项链珠）的讨论仅限于少数几项研究。本文介绍了通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对格拉纳达省（伊比利亚半岛东南部）四个晚期古代墓地出土的 52 颗琥珀珠子的特征描述：Cortijo del Chopo（科洛梅拉）、El Castillón（蒙特弗里奥）、Marugán（阿塔菲）和 Fuente Santa（洛哈）。研究结果表明，这些遗址中的琥珀产自波罗的海，增进了我们对西班牙古代晚期殡葬环境中此类产品的了解。
{"title":"BALTIC AMBER IN HISPANIA DURING LATE ANTIQUITY. CONTACTS, NETWORKS AND EXCHANGE","authors":"Elena Vallejo‐Casas, Gisela Ripoll, Margarita Sánchez Romero, Mercedes Murillo‐Barroso","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12290","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryAmber is a material of great social value that has been identified at various archaeological sites on the Iberian peninsula dating to Late Antiquity. The objects, mostly necklace beads, have been discussed to date with limited results in relation to a small number of studies. This article presents the characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of 52 amber beads from four Late Antique necropolises in the province of Granada (south‐eastern Iberian peninsula): Cortijo del Chopo (Colomera), El Castillón (Montefrío), Marugán (Atarfe) and Fuente Santa (Loja). The results obtained demonstrate the Baltic origin of the amber at these sites and advance our knowledge of this type of product in Hispanic Late Antique funerary contexts.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140297583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayşegül Aykurt, Kadİr Böyükulusoy, Ece Benlİ–Bağci, Seda Denİz
Much information about the early periods of south-western Anatolia consists of data obtained from graves and finds therefrom. The amulet of meteoric iron that is the subject of this article was found in the Kesikservi cemetery, on the Bodrum peninsula, and dates to Early Bronze Age I. It was unearthed in the pithos grave of a male aged between twenty and twenty-five years that is one of the richest such burials in Western Anatolia: it also contained five vessels, lids, a golden spiral, silver bracelets, a necklace of electrum and agate beads, and pieces of arsenical copper, all of which indicate his elite status. The amulet is the earliest dated find of meteoric iron from Anatolia, and demonstrates the existence of advanced metallurgy in the region during the period.
{"title":"THE EARLIEST ANATOLIAN ITEM MADE OF METEORIC IRON: AN AMULET FROM THE BODRUM KESIKSERVI EARLY BRONZE AGE I CEMETERY","authors":"Ayşegül Aykurt, Kadİr Böyükulusoy, Ece Benlİ–Bağci, Seda Denİz","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12289","url":null,"abstract":"Much information about the early periods of south-western Anatolia consists of data obtained from graves and finds therefrom. The amulet of meteoric iron that is the subject of this article was found in the Kesikservi cemetery, on the Bodrum peninsula, and dates to Early Bronze Age I. It was unearthed in the pithos grave of a male aged between twenty and twenty-five years that is one of the richest such burials in Western Anatolia: it also contained five vessels, lids, a golden spiral, silver bracelets, a necklace of electrum and agate beads, and pieces of arsenical copper, all of which indicate his elite status. The amulet is the earliest dated find of meteoric iron from Anatolia, and demonstrates the existence of advanced metallurgy in the region during the period.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140205071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The encounters between the immigrant populations of the Levant and the local communities of the south and east of the Iberian peninsula occurring from the beginning of the first millennium led to the transformation of diet and agricultural production. The arrival of new products such as chickpeas and different fruit trees, including in particular the vine, increased the variety and quality of the food consumed. It was at this specific moment that the so-called ‘Mediterranean agricultural model’ was defined, upon which the identity of the different communities living in this territory was built.
{"title":"NEW PRODUCTS, NEW TASTES? AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS AND CONTINUITIES BETWEEN THE NINTH AND FOURTH CENTURIES BC IN MEDITERRANEAN IBERIA","authors":"Guillem Pérez-Jordà, Leonor Peña-Chocarro","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12288","url":null,"abstract":"The encounters between the immigrant populations of the Levant and the local communities of the south and east of the Iberian peninsula occurring from the beginning of the first millennium led to the transformation of diet and agricultural production. The arrival of new products such as chickpeas and different fruit trees, including in particular the vine, increased the variety and quality of the food consumed. It was at this specific moment that the so-called ‘Mediterranean agricultural model’ was defined, upon which the identity of the different communities living in this territory was built.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analyses of the urban distribution of the water supplied from aqueducts have generally focused on those elements directly referred to by Vitruvius (De Arch. 8.6.2): fountains, baths and houses. However, excavations in Pompeii, which has one of the best-preserved water supply networks from antiquity, have revealed that other places also benefited from these connections, including those with an artisanal or commercial purpose.
{"title":"Connections to the Pompeii water supply network: artisanal and commercial establishments as places that consume water","authors":"Elena H. Sánchez López","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12284","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses of the urban distribution of the water supplied from aqueducts have generally focused on those elements directly referred to by Vitruvius (<i>De Arch</i>. 8.6.2): fountains, baths and houses. However, excavations in Pompeii, which has one of the best-preserved water supply networks from antiquity, have revealed that other places also benefited from these connections, including those with an artisanal or commercial purpose.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archaeological sites characterized by significant concentrations of pits (‘pit sites’) were widespread in prehistoric Europe. In southern Iberia, many pit sites date back to the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods (fourth-third millennia BCE), and often display massive numbers of pits. Deciphering the social, economic, and symbolic significance of such sites, composed of hundreds or even thousands of pits, holds deep historical implications. What do these pits mean, and how were they used? If they functioned as grain storage pits, as many believe, did they represent a substantial economic surplus? Unfortunately, many of these sites have been inadequately published and remain poorly known north of the Pyrenees. This paper aims to contribute to the broader understanding of prehistoric pit sites in Europe by providing an overview of southern Iberian pit sites, and of the debates that have developed around their interpretation.
{"title":"MASSIVE PREHISTORIC PIT SITES IN SOUTHERN IBERIA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND LESSONS LEARNED","authors":"María José Armenteros-Lojo, Víctor Jiménez-Jáimez","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12286","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological sites characterized by significant concentrations of pits (‘pit sites’) were widespread in prehistoric Europe. In southern Iberia, many pit sites date back to the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods (fourth-third millennia BCE), and often display massive numbers of pits. Deciphering the social, economic, and symbolic significance of such sites, composed of hundreds or even thousands of pits, holds deep historical implications. What do these pits mean, and how were they used? If they functioned as grain storage pits, as many believe, did they represent a substantial economic surplus? Unfortunately, many of these sites have been inadequately published and remain poorly known north of the Pyrenees. This paper aims to contribute to the broader understanding of prehistoric pit sites in Europe by providing an overview of southern Iberian pit sites, and of the debates that have developed around their interpretation.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139036160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the Shephelah region (Israel) is of a great archaeological significance and has been intensively excavated, very little is known about its landscape history. This study presents two large-scale charred wood assemblages (>2300 items) that were recovered from Tel Azekah and Tel Lachish in order to reconstruct the ancient vegetation of the Shephelah. The two assemblages cover a temporal range from the Middle Bronze Age through the Hellenistic period (c.2000–100 BC). This new diachronic environmental investigation demonstrates that the natural arboreal vegetation in the Shephelah was dominated by oak and pistachio. From the perspective of the regional fruit tree horticulture, olive was the dominant component, indicating that the region included extensive olive orchards. Other documented fruit trees are grapevine, fig, sycamore fig, carob, date palm and almond. The high frequencies of olive remains throughout all investigated periods point to climatic conditions in the region being close to what we are facing today, with at least 400–450 mm of annual precipitation, which is required for a profitable grove. During the Iron Age II, the proportion of olive remains reached its zenith, most probably as a result of Assyrian agroeconomic management that assigned the Shephelah to olive oil production. At the same time, a reduction in natural Mediterranean trees was identified, representing intense human pressure on the natural environment. The discovery of charred cedar of Lebanon remains only at Lachish points to the high status of the site within the region.
尽管谢菲拉地区（以色列）具有重要的考古意义并已被大量发掘，但人们对其地貌历史却知之甚少。本研究介绍了从 Tel Azekah 和 Tel Lachish 发掘出的两批大型炭化木材（2300 件），以重建谢菲拉地区的古代植被。这两批物品涵盖了从青铜时代中期到希腊化时期（约公元前 2000 年至公元前 100 年）的时间范围。这项新的异时空环境调查表明，谢菲拉的天然树栖植被以橡树和开心果为主。从该地区果树园艺的角度来看，橄榄树是主要的组成部分，这表明该地区有大量的橄榄果园。其他有记载的果树有葡萄树、无花果、无花果树、角豆树、枣椰树和杏树。橄榄树在所有调查时期的高频率出现表明，该地区的气候条件与我们今天所面临的气候条件接近，年降水量至少为 400-450 毫米，这对于一个有利可图的果园来说是必需的。在铁器时代二期，橄榄树遗迹的比例达到了顶峰，这很可能是亚述人将谢菲拉地区用于橄榄油生产的农业经济管理的结果。与此同时，人们发现地中海天然树木减少，这表明人类对自然环境施加了巨大压力。只有在拉琪什发现了烧焦的黎巴嫩雪松残骸，这说明该遗址在该地区的地位很高。
{"title":"THE VEGETATION HISTORY OF THE SHEPHELAH, SOUTHERN LEVANT: MIDDLE BRONZE AGE–HELLENISTIC PERIOD (c.2000–100 BC)","authors":"Minji Jin, Oded Lipschits, Dafna Langgut","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12287","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Shephelah region (Israel) is of a great archaeological significance and has been intensively excavated, very little is known about its landscape history. This study presents two large-scale charred wood assemblages (>2300 items) that were recovered from Tel Azekah and Tel Lachish in order to reconstruct the ancient vegetation of the Shephelah. The two assemblages cover a temporal range from the Middle Bronze Age through the Hellenistic period (c.2000–100 BC). This new diachronic environmental investigation demonstrates that the natural arboreal vegetation in the Shephelah was dominated by oak and pistachio. From the perspective of the regional fruit tree horticulture, olive was the dominant component, indicating that the region included extensive olive orchards. Other documented fruit trees are grapevine, fig, sycamore fig, carob, date palm and almond. The high frequencies of olive remains throughout all investigated periods point to climatic conditions in the region being close to what we are facing today, with at least 400–450 mm of annual precipitation, which is required for a profitable grove. During the Iron Age II, the proportion of olive remains reached its zenith, most probably as a result of Assyrian agroeconomic management that assigned the Shephelah to olive oil production. At the same time, a reduction in natural Mediterranean trees was identified, representing intense human pressure on the natural environment. The discovery of charred cedar of Lebanon remains only at Lachish points to the high status of the site within the region.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the obvious methodological similarities between archaeology and geology, we argue here that the fundamental assumption in scientific provenance studies of inorganic artefacts provides an insufficient basis for the methodology. That assumption is that there is a geochemical link between the source of the raw material and the finished object. Although this is undoubtedly necessary, it is not sufficient. We argue that, particularly for highly processed materials such as metal, glass, or ceramics, an equally (if not more) important factor is the sequence of human activities which are applied to the raw material during processing to become an object. In fact, we suggest that the main requirement for successful provenance work is the existence of sustained and repeatable quality assurance processes during production, carried out within a defined resourcescape. Ironically, this makes provenance studies more relevant to archaeology than does the simple search for sources.
{"title":"PROVENANCE STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY – MORE REFLECTIVE OF ‘QUALITY CONTROL’ WITHIN A RESOURCESCAPE THAN GEOCHEMISTRY?","authors":"A.M. Pollard, R. Liu","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12285","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the obvious methodological similarities between archaeology and geology, we argue here that the fundamental assumption in scientific provenance studies of inorganic artefacts provides an insufficient basis for the methodology. That assumption is that there is a geochemical link between the source of the raw material and the finished object. Although this is undoubtedly necessary, it is not sufficient. We argue that, particularly for highly processed materials such as metal, glass, or ceramics, an equally (if not more) important factor is the sequence of human activities which are applied to the raw material during processing to become an object. In fact, we suggest that the main requirement for successful provenance work is the existence of sustained and repeatable quality assurance processes during production, carried out within a defined resourcescape. Ironically, this makes provenance studies more relevant to archaeology than does the simple search for sources.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following paper presents an analysis of the term ‘oppidum’, discussing its value for understanding social complexity in Iron Age Europe. Throughout this paper, the most relevant debates regarding the oppida and their value are synthesized from a semiotic point of view. Key features such as urban planning, social hierarchies and political centralization are analysed to frame research in terms of Iron Age mentalities and cultural diversity. Accordingly, the ‘oppidum’ is assessed as a conceptual tool, weighing its appropriateness as a wide-ranging concept in the European Iron Age. Several criteria, such as urban planning, the role of memory or religion, and the creation of large public and assembly places, among others, are explored as proxies of social legitimation. These key aspects aim to define some traits to set the oppidum as a useful and organic archaeological term without undermining cultural specificities.
下文将对 "oppidum "一词进行分析，讨论它对于理解铁器时代欧洲社会复杂性的价值。本文从符号学的角度出发，综述了与oppida及其价值最相关的争论。本文分析了城市规划、社会等级制度和政治中央集权等关键特征，并从铁器时代的精神和文化多样性的角度来构建研究框架。因此，我们将 "oppidum "作为一种概念工具进行评估，权衡其是否适合作为欧洲铁器时代的一个广泛概念。我们探讨了城市规划、记忆或宗教的作用、大型公共场所和集会场所的创建等几个标准，将其作为社会合法性的代用指标。这些关键方面旨在确定一些特征，以便将 oppidum 定义为一个有用的、有机的考古学术语，同时又不损害文化特性。
{"title":"OPPIDUM VOCANT, QUIDVIS CUM VALLO ATQUE FOSSA. SOME THOUGHTS ON OPPIDA, CENTRAL PLACES, AND SOCIAL COMPLEXITY IN THE EUROPEAN IRON AGE","authors":"Samuel Nión-Álvarez","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12283","url":null,"abstract":"The following paper presents an analysis of the term ‘oppidum’, discussing its value for understanding social complexity in Iron Age Europe. Throughout this paper, the most relevant debates regarding the oppida and their value are synthesized from a semiotic point of view. Key features such as urban planning, social hierarchies and political centralization are analysed to frame research in terms of Iron Age mentalities and cultural diversity. Accordingly, the ‘oppidum’ is assessed as a conceptual tool, weighing its appropriateness as a wide-ranging concept in the European Iron Age. Several criteria, such as urban planning, the role of memory or religion, and the creation of large public and assembly places, among others, are explored as proxies of social legitimation. These key aspects aim to define some traits to set the oppidum as a useful and organic archaeological term without undermining cultural specificities.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138547792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary The study of the figurative repertoire of Palaeolithic artists allows us to approach aspects such as iconographic diffusion and cultural preferences. This paper presents an updated corpus of figurative rock art for the Iberian peninsula and analyses its distribution in the Cantabrian region, inland Iberia and the Mediterranean basin, three areas frequently used in the literature. This corpus contains 3341 graphic units that were analysed using multivariate statistics and hypothesis testing. The results show that the main figurative themes can be classified according to their discriminating power. Horse, ibex and deer were the animal motifs that formed the common background of this artistic expression. In contrast, Palaeolithic artists used different proportions of bison, hind and aurochs to create a possible distinctive identity. Finally, it is discussed whether the iconographic selection is due to palaeoecological reasons, cultural motivations, or a combination of both.
{"title":"MAKING A DIFFERENCE: PALAEOLITHIC ICONOGRAPHY AS A TRAIT OF IDENTITY IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA","authors":"Miguel García‐Bustos, Olivia Rivero","doi":"10.1111/ojoa.12281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12281","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The study of the figurative repertoire of Palaeolithic artists allows us to approach aspects such as iconographic diffusion and cultural preferences. This paper presents an updated corpus of figurative rock art for the Iberian peninsula and analyses its distribution in the Cantabrian region, inland Iberia and the Mediterranean basin, three areas frequently used in the literature. This corpus contains 3341 graphic units that were analysed using multivariate statistics and hypothesis testing. The results show that the main figurative themes can be classified according to their discriminating power. Horse, ibex and deer were the animal motifs that formed the common background of this artistic expression. In contrast, Palaeolithic artists used different proportions of bison, hind and aurochs to create a possible distinctive identity. Finally, it is discussed whether the iconographic selection is due to palaeoecological reasons, cultural motivations, or a combination of both.","PeriodicalId":46185,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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