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Electricity market impacts of low-carbon energy transition in the Nordic-Baltic region 低碳能源转型对北欧-波罗的海地区电力市场的影响
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0407
Anahita Farsaei, V. Olkkonen, Xiaoming Kan, S. Syri
The Baltic countries Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are well connected to the Nordic countries Finland and Sweden on the electricity market, yet in a different position facing the transition to a low-carbon electricity system. While especially Sweden is a large electricity producer and net exporter, the Baltic countries suffer from a lack of capacity, which makes them highly dependent on trade. In addition, the present electricity mix of Estonia is very carbon intensive compared to the Nordic countries. There is a debate regarding nuclear power in Sweden. This paper explores four possible solutions for a Nordic-Baltic electricity system: with and without nuclear power in Sweden and with the current transmission network, as well as with a considerably expanded network. The impact on electricity mix, electricity prices, carbon dioxide intensity and import dependence in the Baltic countries from the EU transition to electricity systems with very low carbon dioxide emissions is investigated. The electricity and district heat market model Enerallt is used to quantify electricity prices, electricity trade and system costs. The results show that the development of the transmission network affects electricity prices and especially electricity trade in the Baltic countries. With transmission expansion, the demand weighted average prices in the Baltic countries increase from 62 €/MWh to 65 €/MWh and 70 €/MWh with and without nuclear power in Sweden, respectively. If transmission is expanded, phasing out nuclear power in Sweden can increase the revenue from electricity export by over 100% for the Baltic countries. However, significant new investment in wind power is required.
波罗的海国家爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛在电力市场上与北欧国家芬兰和瑞典有着良好的联系,但在向低碳电力系统过渡的过程中处于不同的位置。尤其是瑞典是一个大型电力生产国和净出口国,但波罗的海国家缺乏产能,这使它们高度依赖贸易。此外,与北欧国家相比,爱沙尼亚目前的电力结构是非常碳密集的。在瑞典有一场关于核能的辩论。本文探讨了北欧-波罗的海电力系统的四种可能的解决方案:瑞典有和没有核电,现有的输电网络,以及一个相当扩大的网络。对波罗的海国家从欧盟过渡到二氧化碳排放量极低的电力系统对电力结构、电价、二氧化碳强度和进口依赖的影响进行了调查。电力和区域供热市场模型通常用于量化电价、电力交易和系统成本。研究结果表明,输电网的发展对波罗的海国家的电价尤其是电力贸易产生了影响。随着输电扩张,波罗的海国家的需求加权平均价格从62欧元/兆瓦时分别上升到瑞典的65欧元/兆瓦时和70欧元/兆瓦时。如果扩大输电,瑞典逐步淘汰核电可以使波罗的海国家的电力出口收入增加100%以上。然而,风力发电需要大量的新投资。
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引用次数: 8
Humanitarian Engineering for Renewable Energy and Flood Early Warning in Remote Communities: A Scoping Review of Enabling Factors and Sustainability 偏远社区可再生能源和洪水预警的人道主义工程:促成因素和可持续性的范围审查
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0406
Spyros Schismenos, G. Stevens, D. Emmanouloudis, Nichole Georgeou, S. Shrestha, N. Katopodes, Nidhi Wali
Small communities in remote, riparian sites often have limited resources, and experience energy insufficiencies and poor disaster resilience to intensifying weather hazards such as rainstorms and floods. Humanitarian engineering interventions for off-grid renewable energy generation and flood response at the local level have the potential to support community hazard management and socio-economic development. This scoping review examines communities in low and lower middle-income countries, and their use of renewable energy and flood warning systems. Its primary focus is vulnerable communities and how they can achieve hazard protection as part of sustainable development initiatives. The findings highlight that it is important to consider institutional, environmental, social/ethical, economic and technical indicators in developing a comprehensive understanding of the success or failure of a given system. The study concludes that an integrated renewable energy and flood warning system may provide an optimal, community-managed approach to address priority needs. evacuation drills). This the response efficiency, in remote communities. on local environmental conditions (e.g. water the system should be able to generate minimum energy to cover basic needs under both normal and extreme conditions. Excess energy could be stored in batteries for later use or delivered to other community needs.
偏远河岸地区的小社区往往资源有限,能源不足,对暴雨和洪水等日益严重的天气灾害的抗灾能力较差。地方一级对离网可再生能源发电和洪水应对的人道主义工程干预有可能支持社区灾害管理和社会经济发展。本范围审查审查了中低收入国家的社区及其可再生能源和洪水预警系统的使用情况。它的主要重点是弱势社区以及他们如何作为可持续发展举措的一部分实现危险保护。研究结果强调,在全面了解特定系统的成败时,必须考虑体制、环境、社会/道德、经济和技术指标。该研究得出结论,综合可再生能源和洪水预警系统可以提供一种最佳的、社区管理的方法来满足优先需求。疏散演习)。这就是偏远社区的响应效率。根据当地环境条件(例如水),系统应能够产生最低的能量,以满足正常和极端条件下的基本需求。多余的能量可以储存在电池中,供日后使用或输送给其他社区需求。
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引用次数: 5
Multi-Objective Optimal Dispatching and Operation Control of a Grid Connected Microgrid Considering Power Loss of Conversion Devices 考虑转换设备功率损耗的并网微电网多目标优化调度与运行控制
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0404
Marouane Lagouir, Abdelmajid Badri, Y. Sayouti
This paper proposes a novel daily energy management system for optimization dispatch and operation control of a typical microgrid power system. The multi-objective optimization dispatch problem is formulated to simultaneously minimize the operating cost, pollutant emission level as well as the power loss of conversion devices. While satisfying the system load and technical constraints, ensure high penetration of renewable energy and optimal scheduling of charging/discharging of battery storage system based on a fuzzy logic approach. The weighted sum method is adopted to obtain Pareto optimal solutions, then a fuzzy set theory is employed to find the best compromise solution. Ant lion optimizer method is considered to solve the formulated problem. To prove the efficacy and robustness of the proposed algorithm, acomparison of the performance ofant lion optimizer algorithm with other known heuristic optimization techniques has been investigated. The results obtained show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other heuristic techniques in solving the multi-objective optimization dispatch problem. They also reveal that a better compromise between the considered contradictory objective functions is achieved when priority is given to the generation of the internal microgrid’s sources with an equivalent contribution rate of 68.45% of generated power from both fuel cell and micro-turbine, whereas the contribution rate of external grid is limited to 11.72%.
针对典型微网电力系统的优化调度和运行控制,提出了一种新型的日能量管理系统。制定多目标优化调度问题,同时使运行成本、污染物排放水平和转换装置功率损耗最小。在满足系统负荷和技术约束的前提下,利用模糊逻辑方法保证可再生能源的高渗透率和电池储能系统充放电的最优调度。首先采用加权和法求Pareto最优解,然后利用模糊集理论求最优折衷解。采用蚁狮优化方法求解公式化问题。为了证明该算法的有效性和鲁棒性,研究了蚁群优化算法与其他已知启发式优化技术的性能比较。结果表明,该算法在求解多目标优化调度问题方面优于其他启发式算法。研究还表明,优先考虑内部微网源发电,燃料电池和微涡轮发电的等效贡献率为68.45%,而外部微网的贡献率限制在11.72%,可以更好地折衷考虑矛盾的目标函数。
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引用次数: 1
Solar model for Rural Communities: Analysis of Impact of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in the Brazilian semi-arid region 农村社区的太阳能模式:巴西半干旱地区并网光伏系统的影响分析
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0405
Wesly Jean, Antonio Cesar Pinho Brasil Junior
This research proposes to model a solar photovoltaic system connected to the grid to attend to the energy demands of the rural settlements in the Brazilian semi-arid region. In addition, to sell the surplus energy produced in order to generate income for farmers. The settlement has high solar radiation, 6.03 kWh/m2 d. The computational tools, HOMER and SAM, were used to model the system. A group of ten families and a cooperative is part of the case study. The electrical load is 2,350 kWh/month. The system would be able to deliver a minimum of 3,500 kWh/month and a maximum of 5,500 kWh/month, as per HOMER results. SAM results show 4,257.01 kWh/month and 5,504.01 kWh/month respectively. The surplus could provide an annual income ranging from US$ 1,122.36 to US$ 2,243.63 for HOMER results, US$ 1,340.75 to US$ 2,681.50 for the SAM results. The applied methodology can be replicated in other regions where conditions are similar.
这项研究建议对连接到电网的太阳能光伏系统进行建模,以满足巴西半干旱地区农村居民点的能源需求。此外,出售生产的剩余能源,为农民创收。该定居点的太阳辐射量很高,为6.03 kWh/m2 d。使用计算工具HOMER和SAM对系统进行建模。一个由十个家庭和一个合作社组成的小组是案例研究的一部分。电力负荷为2350千瓦时/月。根据HOMER的结果,该系统将能够提供每月最低3500千瓦时和最高5500千瓦时的电量。SAM结果显示分别为4257.01千瓦时/月和5504.01千瓦小时/月。盈余可为HOMER结果提供1122.36美元至2243.63美元的年收入,为SAM结果提供1340.75美元至2681.50美元的年收益。所采用的方法可以在条件相似的其他地区推广。
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引用次数: 7
Socio-economic impact of a solar water pumping system in a rural community in Indonesia 太阳能抽水系统对印度尼西亚农村社区的社会经济影响
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0403
S. Rahmani, T. Murayama, Shigeo Nishikizawa
Decentralized renewable energy projects, such as solar photovoltaic water pumping, have been deployed to provide access to water in rural areas with strong involvement of the local community. However, the ways in which communities benefit from such projects has been insufficiently studied, and the establishment process has been better documented. Moreover, relevant studies from developing countries are limited. This study was conducted to provide empirical evidence of the local impacts of community-scale renewable energy projects in a developing country, using the case of solar water pumping in Indonesia. A questionnaire survey was used to evaluate the socio-economic impacts perceived by the beneficiaries, and, subsequently, qualitative and statistical analysis were conducted. The results showed that the capacity of the local management team and satisfaction in saving money were perceived as the most significant impacts. However, the economic benefit of financial savings did not translate to welfare improvement. These findings provide insights that shows that (1) members of rural communities gained knowledge regarding the renewable energy technology through project deployment and (2) creating a support mechanism along with project deployment is crucial to achieve greater development opportunities in the context of rural poverty alleviation.
在当地社区的大力参与下,已经部署了太阳能光伏水泵等分散的可再生能源项目,为农村地区提供用水。然而,对社区从这些项目中受益的方式研究不足,建立过程也有更好的记录。此外,来自发展中国家的相关研究有限。本研究以印度尼西亚的太阳能抽水为例,为发展中国家社区规模可再生能源项目对当地的影响提供了经验证据。采用问卷调查来评估受益人所感受到的社会经济影响,随后进行了定性和统计分析。结果表明,当地管理团队的能力和对省钱的满意度被认为是最显著的影响。然而,财政储蓄的经济效益并没有转化为福利的改善。这些发现提供了一些见解,表明(1)农村社区成员通过项目部署获得了有关可再生能源技术的知识,(2)在项目部署的同时建立一个支持机制,对于在农村扶贫的背景下实现更大的发展机会至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Sustainable Development Goal indicators as the foundation for a holistic impact assessment of access-to-energy projects 可持续发展目标指标作为对能源项目获取情况进行全面影响评估的基础
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0400
Nikolas Schöne, E. Timofeeva, B. Heinz
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引用次数: 5
Low-Density Polyethylene Plastic Waste to Liquid Fuel Using Pyrolysis Method: An Effect of Temperatures on the Oil Yields Physicochemical Properties 低密度聚乙烯废塑料热解制液体燃料:温度对油品理化性质的影响
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.13044/J.SDEWES.D9.0402
W. Wijayanti, Musyaroh Musyaroh, M. N. Sasongko
Pyrolysis has been recognized as the most effective way to convert waste for producing alternative fuels through thermal degradation at elevated temperatures. In this work, pyrolysis was applied to convert plastic wastes into oil yields. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained oil yields were analysed to find out whether their existence can be ascertained as the availability of standard fuel. This study was conducted in a real pilot plant using samples of low-density polyethylene plastic waste. The pyrolysis temperature varied at 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C for two hours with a heating rate of 10 °C/min. Physically, the pyrolysis resulted in an oil yield similar to commercial fuel oils, having a light-yellow colour in all various pyrolysis temperatures. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis showed the change in hydrocarbon chain and chemical molecular structures, thus influencing its physical properties. The increase in hydrocarbon chain length and in cyclic molecules and alkyl compounds as the temperatures increased led to the increase in density, viscosity, flashpoint, and octane number within the range of standard commercial oil fuels. Even though there was an increase in calorific values, these values were still under the commercial standard oil values. However, this can be tolerated by providing any oil-yield refined treatments.
热解被认为是在高温下通过热降解将废物转化为替代燃料的最有效方法。在这项工作中,应用热解将塑料废物转化为石油产品。对所得油品的理化性质进行了分析,以确定其是否可以作为标准燃料的可用性。这项研究是在一个真实的中试工厂进行的,使用了低密度聚乙烯塑料废物的样本。热解温度分别为200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃、400℃,升温速率为10℃/min,热解时间为2小时。物理上,热解产生的油与商业燃料油相似,在所有不同的热解温度下都呈浅黄色。气相色谱-质谱分析显示其碳氢链和化学分子结构发生了变化,从而影响了其物理性质。随着温度的升高,烃链长度、环分子和烷基化合物的增加导致密度、粘度、闪点和辛烷值在标准商品油燃料的范围内增加。尽管热值有所增加,但这些值仍低于商业标准油值。然而,通过提供任何含油精炼处理,这是可以容忍的。
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引用次数: 4
The State of the Art in Model Predictive Control Application for Demand Response 模型预测控制在需求响应中的应用现状
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.13044/J.SDEWES.D9.0401
Amru Alqurashi
Demand response programs have been used to optimize the participation of the demand side. Utilizing the demand response programs maximizes social welfare and reduces energy usage. Model Predictive Control is a suitable control strategy that manages the energy network, and it shows superiority over other predictive controllers. The goal of implementing this controller on the demand side is to minimize energy consumption, carbon footprint, and energy cost and maximize thermal comfort and social welfare. This review paper aims to highlight this control strategy's excellence in handling the demand response optimization problem. The optimization methods of the controller are compared. Summarization of techniques used in recent publications to solve the Model Predictive Control optimization problem is presented, including demand response programs, renewable energy resources, and thermal comfort. This paper sheds light on the current research challenges and future research directions for applying model-based control techniques to the demand response optimization problem.
需求响应方案已被用于优化需求方的参与。利用需求响应程序可以最大限度地提高社会福利并减少能源使用。模型预测控制是一种适用于能源网络管理的控制策略,具有其他预测控制器无法比拟的优越性。在需求侧实施该控制器的目标是最小化能耗、碳足迹和能源成本,最大化热舒适和社会福利。本文旨在突出该控制策略在处理需求响应优化问题方面的优越性。对控制器的优化方法进行了比较。总结了最近发表的用于解决模型预测控制优化问题的技术,包括需求响应程序、可再生能源和热舒适。阐述了基于模型的控制技术应用于需求响应优化问题的研究现状、面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 2
Energy-Cement-Carbon Emission Nexus and its Implications for Future Urbanization in China 能源-水泥碳排放关系及其对中国未来城市化的启示
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0354
Lei Shen, Shuai Zhong, Ayman Elshkaki, Honglie Zhang, Jian’an Zhao
With rapid urbanization and the requirements for new buildings and infrastructure, cement production is expected to increase in China. Meanwhile, China’s energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with cement industry are expected to increase, as cement production is one of the most energy intensive industries. Introducing new and more pertinent technologies with better management, as indicated by government goals and measures, can improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emission. However, many challenges and uncertainties in the cement industry have been addressed without considering several interconnected processes among sectors including industry, energy, construction, and services, which lead to little improvements in the industry. Nexus approaches are recognized as effective methods to simultaneously examine interactions among multiple sectors with various elements. This research intends to provide insights for future energy-cement-carbon emission nexus, through integrated assessment capabilities, related to China’s new urbanization planning toward 2050. Several challenges and uncertainties, including different trends in population growth, structural transformation of economic driving forces, and new but stricter policy targets for resource use efficiency and environment production, are put into multiple scenarios. The results of our analysis provide perspectives on future direction to underscore the growing interconnection among energy, cement and carbon emission with clear and more specific roadmap for promoting integrated planning, management and governance.
随着快速的城市化以及对新建筑和基础设施的需求,中国的水泥产量预计将增加。与此同时,由于水泥生产是能源密集度最高的行业之一,中国与水泥行业相关的能源消耗和碳排放预计将增加。按照政府的目标和措施,引入新的、更相关的、管理更好的技术,可以提高能源效率,减少碳排放。然而,水泥行业的许多挑战和不确定性都得到了解决,而没有考虑工业、能源、建筑和服务等部门之间的几个相互关联的过程,这导致该行业几乎没有改善。Nexus方法被认为是同时检查具有不同元素的多个部门之间相互作用的有效方法。本研究旨在通过综合评估能力,为未来能源-水泥-碳排放关系提供见解,与中国2050年的新型城镇化规划相关。若干挑战和不确定性,包括人口增长的不同趋势、经济驱动力的结构性转变,以及资源利用效率和环境生产的新的但更严格的政策目标,被置于多种情景中。我们的分析结果提供了对未来方向的展望,以强调能源、水泥和碳排放之间日益增长的相互联系,并为促进综合规划、管理和治理制定了明确而具体的路线图。
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引用次数: 7
The Nitrogen Fertilizer Value of Selected South African Biosolids as Affected by Drying Depth on Beds 选定的南非生物固体的氮肥价值受床上干燥深度的影响
IF 2.1 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0361
E. Tesfamariam, Elvis M. Malobane, C. Cogger, I. Mbakwe
Wastewater treatment and post-treatment drying techniques play crucial role on the fertiliser value of biosolids. The aim of this study was to investigate a) the nitrogen fertilizer value of biosolids from selected biosolid treatment and post treatment dewatering techniques b) the effect of drying depth and time on the nitrogen content of biosolid. To achieve the first aim, laboratory nitrogen mineralization study was conducted using thermally-hydrolysed-biosolid, activated-biosolid, and anaerobicallydigested-biosolids. To achieve the second aim five drying depths were tested (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). Nitrogen release per tonne biosolid applied was highest for activated (24 kg), and lowest for anaerobically-digested-biosolid (6 kg). Highest total nitrogen was reported for 10 cm drying depth (3.63%) (4 weeks) and lowest for 25 cm (2.64%) (8 weeks). Selection of appropriate biosolid treatment and dewatering technique is key to improve fertiliser value of biosolids.
废水处理和后处理干燥技术对生物固体的肥料价值起着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是研究a)选定的生物固体处理和处理后脱水技术中生物固体的氮肥价值;b)干燥深度和时间对生物固体氮含量的影响。为了实现第一个目标,使用热水解生物固体、活化生物固体和厌氧消化生物固体进行了实验室氮矿化研究。为了实现第二个目的,测试了五个干燥深度(5、10、15、20和25cm)。每吨施用的生物固体的氮释放量最高的是活化的(24kg),最低的是厌氧消化的生物固体(6kg)。据报道,10厘米干燥深度(3.63%)(4周)的总氮最高,25厘米干燥深度最低(2.64%)(8周)。选择合适的生物固体处理和脱水技术是提高生物固体肥料价值的关键。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy Water and Environment Systems-JSDEWES
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