Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1960603
V. Rana, T. Suryanarayana
ABSTRACT The research is focused on the integrated use of satellite remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), and extensive field observation techniques for a better understanding of the impacts of watershed characteristics on hydrological processes and floods. It aims to create a methodology for assessing flood hazards and risk on a regional and local scale so that protective measures can be designed. Floods have occurred in the study area for many years, causing serious damage to infrastructure and civic structures. The present study evaluates the linear, aerial and relief morphometric parameters using the Cartosat-1 digital elevation model (30 metres) along with the curve number for assessing the flood influencing characteristics of the Vishwamitri River’s sub-watersheds. The study prioritizes five sub-watersheds as high, medium, and low based on their flood influencing characteristics and compound value, as a result, needs the highest priority for flood mitigation measures. The sub-watersheds I and IV of Vishwamitri watershed have been categorized into high priority, sub-watersheds II and V into moderate priority, and sub-watershed III into low priority. The geologic stage of development and erosion proneness of the watershed is quantified by hypsometric integral bearing value as 0.04, indicating the landscape to be in monadnock phase in landscape evolution indicative of a marked old stage in the basin’s evolution. Moreover, the ability of the rain-on-grid model at the watershed scale to simulate flood events and predict flood-prone areas, considering multiple rain gauge data, which will facilitate more accurate flood inundation where ground-based observational data are unavailable is shown.
{"title":"Estimation of flood influencing characteristics of watershed and their impact on flooding in data-scarce region","authors":"V. Rana, T. Suryanarayana","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1960603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1960603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The research is focused on the integrated use of satellite remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), and extensive field observation techniques for a better understanding of the impacts of watershed characteristics on hydrological processes and floods. It aims to create a methodology for assessing flood hazards and risk on a regional and local scale so that protective measures can be designed. Floods have occurred in the study area for many years, causing serious damage to infrastructure and civic structures. The present study evaluates the linear, aerial and relief morphometric parameters using the Cartosat-1 digital elevation model (30 metres) along with the curve number for assessing the flood influencing characteristics of the Vishwamitri River’s sub-watersheds. The study prioritizes five sub-watersheds as high, medium, and low based on their flood influencing characteristics and compound value, as a result, needs the highest priority for flood mitigation measures. The sub-watersheds I and IV of Vishwamitri watershed have been categorized into high priority, sub-watersheds II and V into moderate priority, and sub-watershed III into low priority. The geologic stage of development and erosion proneness of the watershed is quantified by hypsometric integral bearing value as 0.04, indicating the landscape to be in monadnock phase in landscape evolution indicative of a marked old stage in the basin’s evolution. Moreover, the ability of the rain-on-grid model at the watershed scale to simulate flood events and predict flood-prone areas, considering multiple rain gauge data, which will facilitate more accurate flood inundation where ground-based observational data are unavailable is shown.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"49 1","pages":"397 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74334941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1954087
M. Laituri, R. Richardson, Junghwan Kim, Laura V. Cline, Sebastian Viscuso, L. Schwartz
ABSTRACT This paper examines the current state of knowledge focusing on the second-order impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through a geospatial lens. The purpose is twofold: (1) present a global programme – Cities’ COVID Mitigation Mapping (C2M2) programme – focusing on urban areas that explores second-order impacts through the use of geospatial tools and technologies, and (2) identify and assess the emerging literature on second-order impacts using geospatial data and analysis to support this project. Effects of the pandemic are rapidly unfolding across the world; however, an assessment of the literature reveals that second-order impacts of COVID-19 are seasonal, spatial, and scalar across multiple thematic areas includ-ing the economy, environmental health sector, education, and migration/mobility. Successive waves of the pandemic are continuing to be met with specific public health measures (e.g. lockdowns, travel restrictions, social distancing guidance, mandates for the use of personal protective equipment) that will have long-term impacts on vulnerable populations. A literature review was conducted to identify how the pandemic’s second-order impacts derived from geospatial data and analysis can provide the basis for using geospatial data to study vulnerable urban populations more generally. This review reveals a gap in the literature, with far more articles emphasizing geospatial approaches to assess first-order impacts and alimited number of articles focused on geospatial approaches investigating second-order impacts. Nonetheless, this nascent literature provides the basis for designing approaches with local partners and by local and regional governments to apply geospatial data and methodologies to the development of mitigation strategies to prioritize limited resources to minimize the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
{"title":"Examining second-order impacts of COVID-19 in urban areas","authors":"M. Laituri, R. Richardson, Junghwan Kim, Laura V. Cline, Sebastian Viscuso, L. Schwartz","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1954087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1954087","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the current state of knowledge focusing on the second-order impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through a geospatial lens. The purpose is twofold: (1) present a global programme – Cities’ COVID Mitigation Mapping (C2M2) programme – focusing on urban areas that explores second-order impacts through the use of geospatial tools and technologies, and (2) identify and assess the emerging literature on second-order impacts using geospatial data and analysis to support this project. Effects of the pandemic are rapidly unfolding across the world; however, an assessment of the literature reveals that second-order impacts of COVID-19 are seasonal, spatial, and scalar across multiple thematic areas includ-ing the economy, environmental health sector, education, and migration/mobility. Successive waves of the pandemic are continuing to be met with specific public health measures (e.g. lockdowns, travel restrictions, social distancing guidance, mandates for the use of personal protective equipment) that will have long-term impacts on vulnerable populations. A literature review was conducted to identify how the pandemic’s second-order impacts derived from geospatial data and analysis can provide the basis for using geospatial data to study vulnerable urban populations more generally. This review reveals a gap in the literature, with far more articles emphasizing geospatial approaches to assess first-order impacts and alimited number of articles focused on geospatial approaches investigating second-order impacts. Nonetheless, this nascent literature provides the basis for designing approaches with local partners and by local and regional governments to apply geospatial data and methodologies to the development of mitigation strategies to prioritize limited resources to minimize the long-term consequences of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"72 1","pages":"479 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87406941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1959855
S. Yue, B. Croke, D. Ames
Various problems are occurring and evolving in the earth’s environment, for example, global warming, air/ water/soil pollution, floods, traffic congestion, and so forth. Moreover, decision-making and planning demands in industry and governance areas are also dependent on reasonable understandings of the environment. Geographic modelling (can also be expressed as environmental modelling as humans are living in a geographical environment) is an important approach in exploring solutions for solving problems and supporting decision-making. Climate models, air/water/soil quality assessment models, traffic management models, watershed models, urban explanation models, and other more different types of models have been and are being designed and developed. They can be applied in simulating the global/local environments and helping people formulate better solutions. However, modelling and simulating ability of a single model is limited. Interdisciplinary knowledge and collaborative exploration are generally required when solving complicated problems. With regard to this, integrated environmental modelling (Laniak et al. 2013), collaborative modelling (Hurrell et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2019), and participatory modelling (Bakhanova et al. 2020; Yue et al. 2020) are all effective approaches. In addition, studies on Future Earth (FE), Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE), and E-Science also promote modelling activities towards more comprehensive applications (Lin, Chen, and Lu 2013; Lü et al. 2019). The idea of implementing modelling work in an open style emerges as a communitybased approach to lower the barrier when collaborating among different modelling fields (Chen et al. 2020; Barton et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2021). On the technical side, ‘open’ can be interpreted as sharing modellingrelated knowledge via information means as openaccessible resources (web services, cloud computing, open-source platforms, etc.). On the scientific exploration side, ‘open’ generally describes that different environmental and social disciplines are involved in seeking better solutions. This special issue aims at a collection of state-of-theart research efforts that related to open modelling, including techniques, practices, and applications in the integration of data, models, and methods from geographic information science. The special issue starts with a research article titled ‘Design and development of a web-based EPANET Model catalog and execution environment’ by Tylor Bayer, Daniel P. Ames, and Theodore G Cleveland. This paper presents the design and implementation of a model-sharing repository and a model-viewing application, specifically for the EPANET modelling community using existing open-source cyberinfrastructure. HydroShare is used as the backend data store for the EPANET model programme, model instances, and metadata, and the Tethys Platform framework is used to create a web-based front-end for the repository and viewer. Natural features and human-made features i
地球环境中的各种问题正在发生和演变，例如，全球变暖，空气/水/土壤污染，洪水，交通拥堵等等。此外，工业和治理领域的决策和规划需求也依赖于对环境的合理理解。地理建模(也可以表示为环境建模，因为人类生活在地理环境中)是探索解决问题和支持决策的解决方案的重要方法。气候模型、空气/水/土壤质量评价模型、交通管理模型、流域模型、城市解释模型以及其他更多不同类型的模型已经和正在设计和开发中。它们可以用于模拟全球/局部环境，并帮助人们制定更好的解决方案。然而，单一模型的建模和仿真能力有限。在解决复杂问题时，通常需要跨学科知识和协作探索。对此，综合环境建模(Laniak et al. 2013)、协作建模(Hurrell et al. 2013;Chen et al. 2019)和参与式建模(Bakhanova et al. 2020;Yue et al. 2020)都是有效的方法。此外，对未来地球(FE)、虚拟地理环境(VGE)和E-Science的研究也推动了建模活动向更全面的应用方向发展(Lin, Chen, and Lu 2013;Lü et al. 2019)。以开放风格实施建模工作的想法作为一种基于社区的方法出现，以降低不同建模领域之间合作时的障碍(Chen等人，2020;Barton et al. 2020;Zhu et al. 2021)。在技术方面，“开放”可以解释为通过信息手段共享建模相关知识，作为开放的可访问资源(web服务、云计算、开源平台等)。在科学探索方面，“开放”通常指的是不同的环境和社会学科参与寻找更好的解决方案。本期特刊旨在收集与开放建模相关的最新研究成果，包括地理信息科学数据、模型和方法集成方面的技术、实践和应用。本期特刊以一篇题为“基于web的EPANET模型目录和执行环境的设计和开发”的研究文章开始，作者是taylor Bayer、Daniel P. Ames和Theodore G Cleveland。本文介绍了模型共享存储库和模型查看应用程序的设计和实现，特别是针对使用现有开源网络基础设施的EPANET建模社区。HydroShare被用作EPANET模型程序、模型实例和元数据的后端数据存储，Tethys平台框架用于为存储库和查看器创建基于web的前端。Jeeno Soa George, Saikat Kumar Paul和Richa Dhawale在他们的文章“用于评估街道网络对自然地形敏感性的元细胞自动机模型”中，描述了地形(自然特征)对街道网络(人工特征)配置的影响。通过分析元胞自动机的两种过渡状态对街道网络建模的结果。本研究使用了来自开源项目和开源应用程序的数据。在下一篇关于“机器学习推理:使用梯度增强决策树评估快速公交对房价的非线性影响”的文章中，作者杨林川、梁元、朱青和褚晓玲讨论了快速公交(BRT)与房价之间的非线性关系。利用厦门的数据，本研究采用机器学习技术来考察BRT与房价之间的非线性关系。在开放考虑环境和人类工程测量的情况下，本文提出了BRT与房价之间的非线性关系，并表明GBDT比快乐定价模型具有更大的预测能力。栖息地的空间分布是了解海底资源保护重点的关键。Dulce Mata、Jose Úbeda和Adrián Fernández-Sánchez在《2021年海洋地理信息系统年鉴》(marine ANNALS of GIS, 2021, VOL. 27, NO. 1)中发表的文章《卡布雷拉国家公园(西地中海)内珊瑚礁底栖生物栖息地分布的建模》采用了GIS技术的半自动分类方法。3、i-iii https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1959855
{"title":"Open geographic modeling","authors":"S. Yue, B. Croke, D. Ames","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1959855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1959855","url":null,"abstract":"Various problems are occurring and evolving in the earth’s environment, for example, global warming, air/ water/soil pollution, floods, traffic congestion, and so forth. Moreover, decision-making and planning demands in industry and governance areas are also dependent on reasonable understandings of the environment. Geographic modelling (can also be expressed as environmental modelling as humans are living in a geographical environment) is an important approach in exploring solutions for solving problems and supporting decision-making. Climate models, air/water/soil quality assessment models, traffic management models, watershed models, urban explanation models, and other more different types of models have been and are being designed and developed. They can be applied in simulating the global/local environments and helping people formulate better solutions. However, modelling and simulating ability of a single model is limited. Interdisciplinary knowledge and collaborative exploration are generally required when solving complicated problems. With regard to this, integrated environmental modelling (Laniak et al. 2013), collaborative modelling (Hurrell et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2019), and participatory modelling (Bakhanova et al. 2020; Yue et al. 2020) are all effective approaches. In addition, studies on Future Earth (FE), Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE), and E-Science also promote modelling activities towards more comprehensive applications (Lin, Chen, and Lu 2013; Lü et al. 2019). The idea of implementing modelling work in an open style emerges as a communitybased approach to lower the barrier when collaborating among different modelling fields (Chen et al. 2020; Barton et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2021). On the technical side, ‘open’ can be interpreted as sharing modellingrelated knowledge via information means as openaccessible resources (web services, cloud computing, open-source platforms, etc.). On the scientific exploration side, ‘open’ generally describes that different environmental and social disciplines are involved in seeking better solutions. This special issue aims at a collection of state-of-theart research efforts that related to open modelling, including techniques, practices, and applications in the integration of data, models, and methods from geographic information science. The special issue starts with a research article titled ‘Design and development of a web-based EPANET Model catalog and execution environment’ by Tylor Bayer, Daniel P. Ames, and Theodore G Cleveland. This paper presents the design and implementation of a model-sharing repository and a model-viewing application, specifically for the EPANET modelling community using existing open-source cyberinfrastructure. HydroShare is used as the backend data store for the EPANET model programme, model instances, and metadata, and the Tethys Platform framework is used to create a web-based front-end for the repository and viewer. Natural features and human-made features i","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"66 1","pages":"i - iii"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83929698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1936169
D. Mata, J. Úbeda, Adrián Fernández-Sánchez
ABSTRACT Habitat spatial distribution is essential to know where to focus the protection of the seafloor resources. In this work, the bathymetry and backscatter seabed data show the importance of remote sensing applications and geospatial tools to have detailed information of the areas studied. The highresolution data enable to explore the environmental characteristics of selected Mediterranean habitats. These data were combined with available samples for ground truthing the habitat distribution model in the southeast of Cabrera National Park. The habitat modelling results show the high value of the studied area for ecological research. Unique communities of large filterers, including sponges, ascidians and bryozoans, were detected in this area. This study presents a potential habitat distribution map of the vulnerable reef habitat 1170, protected under the UE-Directive on the conservation of Habitats, Flora and Fauna, on the southeast margin of Cabrera Island.
{"title":"Modelling of the reef benthic habitat distribution within the Cabrera National Park (Western Mediterranean Sea)","authors":"D. Mata, J. Úbeda, Adrián Fernández-Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1936169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1936169","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Habitat spatial distribution is essential to know where to focus the protection of the seafloor resources. In this work, the bathymetry and backscatter seabed data show the importance of remote sensing applications and geospatial tools to have detailed information of the areas studied. The highresolution data enable to explore the environmental characteristics of selected Mediterranean habitats. These data were combined with available samples for ground truthing the habitat distribution model in the southeast of Cabrera National Park. The habitat modelling results show the high value of the studied area for ecological research. Unique communities of large filterers, including sponges, ascidians and bryozoans, were detected in this area. This study presents a potential habitat distribution map of the vulnerable reef habitat 1170, protected under the UE-Directive on the conservation of Habitats, Flora and Fauna, on the southeast margin of Cabrera Island.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"216 1","pages":"285 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90710123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1936171
Tylor Bayer, D. Ames, T. Cleveland
ABSTRACT Within the field of environmental and hydrologic modelling, there is a growing recognition of the scientific and educational value of sharing both model programs (i.e. the codes that formulate a model) and model instances (i.e. specific input files and model parameterizations). Indeed, numerous cyberinfrastructure tools have been created in recent years to simplify linking, executing, and sharing models. Multiple challenges hinder the adoption of such systems by modelling communities. These can include technological barriers such as installing and managing software and internet systems as well as social barriers such as a culture of not sharing models due to concerns over private or otherwise proprietary information. In some cases, model-sharing platforms are not easily replicated or implemented to fit the needs of a specific modelling community. This paper presents the design and implementation of a model-sharing repository and a model-viewing application, specifically for the EPANET modelling community – the pattern and structure of which could be easily adopted by any modelling community – using existing open source cyberinfrastructure. We used HydroShare as the backend data store for the EPANET model program, model instances, and metadata, and we used the rapid app development capabilities of Tethys Platform framework to create a web-based front-end for the repository and viewer. Results of this experimental work include a functional model repository based on less than 700 lines of code and a light-weight model viewer application that encompasses nearly 100% of the legacy EPANET desktop GUI’s functionality.
{"title":"Design and development of a web-based EPANET model catalogue and execution environment","authors":"Tylor Bayer, D. Ames, T. Cleveland","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1936171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1936171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Within the field of environmental and hydrologic modelling, there is a growing recognition of the scientific and educational value of sharing both model programs (i.e. the codes that formulate a model) and model instances (i.e. specific input files and model parameterizations). Indeed, numerous cyberinfrastructure tools have been created in recent years to simplify linking, executing, and sharing models. Multiple challenges hinder the adoption of such systems by modelling communities. These can include technological barriers such as installing and managing software and internet systems as well as social barriers such as a culture of not sharing models due to concerns over private or otherwise proprietary information. In some cases, model-sharing platforms are not easily replicated or implemented to fit the needs of a specific modelling community. This paper presents the design and implementation of a model-sharing repository and a model-viewing application, specifically for the EPANET modelling community – the pattern and structure of which could be easily adopted by any modelling community – using existing open source cyberinfrastructure. We used HydroShare as the backend data store for the EPANET model program, model instances, and metadata, and we used the rapid app development capabilities of Tethys Platform framework to create a web-based front-end for the repository and viewer. Results of this experimental work include a functional model repository based on less than 700 lines of code and a light-weight model viewer application that encompasses nearly 100% of the legacy EPANET desktop GUI’s functionality.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"17 1","pages":"247 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88379695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-04DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1936170
Jie-Qiong Lin, Gordon A. Cromley
ABSTRACT Maps depicting different types of standardized data densities, general ratios/rates, and proportions/percentages are displayed as planimetric projections of continuous or discrete surfaces. However, these standardized data often have sub-layers that are used in compiling a final surface being mapped such as sub-layers stacked on top of one another, or sub-layers used to compute rates and percentages. In this study, we propose an interactive transect tool that allows the user to explore beneath the final surface to describe the patterns of these sub-layers. The tool was developed as a Python add-in for ArcGIS. This package provides two different representations of the cross-sections, a stacked profile tool and a line graph tool, for users to choose based on the type of surface and the purpose of the exploratory analysis. The illustrated applications of the transect tool include exploring the constituent layers of density surfaces, comparing different probability density surfaces, resolving the visual equalization issue for ratio surfaces, and interpreting the spatial patterns of areal classes. An empirical test finds that the transect tool is somewhat more time-efficient than when making visual comparison of values and more accurate in detecting the rank orderings of these values. Overall, it has potential as a visualization tool for multivariate spatial exploratory analysis.
{"title":"Exploring beneath the surface using interactive data transects","authors":"Jie-Qiong Lin, Gordon A. Cromley","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1936170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1936170","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maps depicting different types of standardized data densities, general ratios/rates, and proportions/percentages are displayed as planimetric projections of continuous or discrete surfaces. However, these standardized data often have sub-layers that are used in compiling a final surface being mapped such as sub-layers stacked on top of one another, or sub-layers used to compute rates and percentages. In this study, we propose an interactive transect tool that allows the user to explore beneath the final surface to describe the patterns of these sub-layers. The tool was developed as a Python add-in for ArcGIS. This package provides two different representations of the cross-sections, a stacked profile tool and a line graph tool, for users to choose based on the type of surface and the purpose of the exploratory analysis. The illustrated applications of the transect tool include exploring the constituent layers of density surfaces, comparing different probability density surfaces, resolving the visual equalization issue for ratio surfaces, and interpreting the spatial patterns of areal classes. An empirical test finds that the transect tool is somewhat more time-efficient than when making visual comparison of values and more accurate in detecting the rank orderings of these values. Overall, it has potential as a visualization tool for multivariate spatial exploratory analysis.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"45 1","pages":"383 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76208256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1936173
Jeeno Soa George, S. Paul, R. Dhawale
ABSTRACT Natural and human-made features are not exclusive in settlements but interact across time and space, placing the context in constant evolution. The purpose of this paper is to search for the influence of terrain, a natural feature, on the configuration of the street network, a human-made feature, by analysing the results of two transition states of cellular automata used to model street networks. This work uses data from open-source projects and open-source applications. The first transition state models the street network considering the neighbourhood rules and randomness, assuming the natural terrain and street are exclusive. The second transition state models the street network as the product of characteristics of the terrain, neighbourhood rules, and randomness, thus assuming the natural terrain and street network interacting with one another. The model is run thirteen times for four different cities by varying the terrain characteristics and calibrated by comparing the simulated street maps with recent street maps. The results are compared and found that the CA model with the second transition state yields better simulation results than the first transition state. In one of the four cities studied, the first transition state results are similar to a specific state of the second transition state, indicating a weak inter-connectedness between the terrain and the street network in the mega-city. Further research can reveal whether the amount of inter-connectedness is specific to the city’s terrain or size. The recognition of the inter-connectedness of the road to terrain can help plan for resilient human settlements.
{"title":"A cellular-automata model for assessing the sensitivity of the street network to natural terrain","authors":"Jeeno Soa George, S. Paul, R. Dhawale","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1936173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1936173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Natural and human-made features are not exclusive in settlements but interact across time and space, placing the context in constant evolution. The purpose of this paper is to search for the influence of terrain, a natural feature, on the configuration of the street network, a human-made feature, by analysing the results of two transition states of cellular automata used to model street networks. This work uses data from open-source projects and open-source applications. The first transition state models the street network considering the neighbourhood rules and randomness, assuming the natural terrain and street are exclusive. The second transition state models the street network as the product of characteristics of the terrain, neighbourhood rules, and randomness, thus assuming the natural terrain and street network interacting with one another. The model is run thirteen times for four different cities by varying the terrain characteristics and calibrated by comparing the simulated street maps with recent street maps. The results are compared and found that the CA model with the second transition state yields better simulation results than the first transition state. In one of the four cities studied, the first transition state results are similar to a specific state of the second transition state, indicating a weak inter-connectedness between the terrain and the street network in the mega-city. Further research can reveal whether the amount of inter-connectedness is specific to the city’s terrain or size. The recognition of the inter-connectedness of the road to terrain can help plan for resilient human settlements.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"33 1","pages":"261 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73352622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The traditional hill-shading map is usually produced from a digital elevation model (DEM) by using the method of hypsometric tinting, which is capable of demonstrating the changes in geomorphology by setting the colors for hill-shading. However, the disadvantage is obvious that the surface features of the terrain can only be utilized by putting vector data on the map. Hence, the terrain display effect will be altered, especially in the production of large-scale maps, for which the artistic effect will be greatly weakened. This paper proposes a solution to this problem. First, we transform the RGB color space of the Digital orthophotographic map (DOM) image into the intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) color space. Then, we calculate the new value of the intensity as I′ for each pixel of the shaded relief model (SRM) of the high-resolution remote sensing image. Finally, we replace the component I with the new component I′ and then proceed with the inverse IHS transform. The case study shows that an objective representation of the actual situation is presented in the mapping area, and the 3D performance capabilities are enhanced. This research indicates that when the method of fusing the processed SRM with the IHS color system is used, the optimum index factor (OIF) and entropy of the generated map are 41.26 and 12.05, respectively, which are much greater than for the results of the traditional method. In other words, the proposed method can greatly enhance the terrain effect.
{"title":"A methodology for producing realistic hill-shading map based on shaded relief map, digital orthophotographic map fusion and IHS transformation","authors":"Hongyun Zeng, Zhiqiang Xie, Jinqu Zhang, Yunqiang Zhu, Fei Zhao, Shouquan Yang, Xiaoqin Zhao","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1921026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1921026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The traditional hill-shading map is usually produced from a digital elevation model (DEM) by using the method of hypsometric tinting, which is capable of demonstrating the changes in geomorphology by setting the colors for hill-shading. However, the disadvantage is obvious that the surface features of the terrain can only be utilized by putting vector data on the map. Hence, the terrain display effect will be altered, especially in the production of large-scale maps, for which the artistic effect will be greatly weakened. This paper proposes a solution to this problem. First, we transform the RGB color space of the Digital orthophotographic map (DOM) image into the intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) color space. Then, we calculate the new value of the intensity as I′ for each pixel of the shaded relief model (SRM) of the high-resolution remote sensing image. Finally, we replace the component I with the new component I′ and then proceed with the inverse IHS transform. The case study shows that an objective representation of the actual situation is presented in the mapping area, and the 3D performance capabilities are enhanced. This research indicates that when the method of fusing the processed SRM with the IHS color system is used, the optimum index factor (OIF) and entropy of the generated map are 41.26 and 12.05, respectively, which are much greater than for the results of the traditional method. In other words, the proposed method can greatly enhance the terrain effect.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"54 1","pages":"371 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90966559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1921846
Jirí Hladík, Dajana Snopková, Marek Lichter, L. Herman, M. Konečný
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes and discusses the potential and limits of using Facebook data to analyse spatial-temporal urban rhythms and city centrality through the availability of services and retail. During September 2020, we harvested Facebook Places data using Graph API for our pilot area consisting in the city of Brno. Specifically, we focused on the spatial distribution of ‘Food & Beverage’, ‘Shopping & Retail’ and ‘Medical & Health’ categories, and their associated opening hours. The paper provides a detailed description of data collection and post-processing among possible analysis methods and visualizations presented in the context of our case study. The study focuses on inter-urban structures and urban rhythms through the analysis of opening hours of retail and services. We also discuss the benefits and potential problems associated with the use of these data.
{"title":"Spatial-temporal analysis of retail and services using Facebook Places data: a case study in Brno, Czech Republic","authors":"Jirí Hladík, Dajana Snopková, Marek Lichter, L. Herman, M. Konečný","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1921846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1921846","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyzes and discusses the potential and limits of using Facebook data to analyse spatial-temporal urban rhythms and city centrality through the availability of services and retail. During September 2020, we harvested Facebook Places data using Graph API for our pilot area consisting in the city of Brno. Specifically, we focused on the spatial distribution of ‘Food & Beverage’, ‘Shopping & Retail’ and ‘Medical & Health’ categories, and their associated opening hours. The paper provides a detailed description of data collection and post-processing among possible analysis methods and visualizations presented in the context of our case study. The study focuses on inter-urban structures and urban rhythms through the analysis of opening hours of retail and services. We also discuss the benefits and potential problems associated with the use of these data.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"111 1","pages":"127 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74570948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-04DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2021.1903996
A. Fotheringham, M. Sachdeva
ABSTRACT We discuss the nature of processes relating to human behaviour and how to model such processes when they vary over space. In so doing, we describe the role of local modelling and how the bandwidth parameter, a component of multiscale geographically weighted regression, can inform on the spatial scale over which processes are relatively constant. To do this, we translate properties of spatial data, such as heterogeneity and spatial dependency into the realm of spatial processes. We argue that the modelling of spatially varying processes has important ramifications for how we see the world.
{"title":"Modelling spatial processes in quantitative human geography","authors":"A. Fotheringham, M. Sachdeva","doi":"10.1080/19475683.2021.1903996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2021.1903996","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We discuss the nature of processes relating to human behaviour and how to model such processes when they vary over space. In so doing, we describe the role of local modelling and how the bandwidth parameter, a component of multiscale geographically weighted regression, can inform on the spatial scale over which processes are relatively constant. To do this, we translate properties of spatial data, such as heterogeneity and spatial dependency into the realm of spatial processes. We argue that the modelling of spatially varying processes has important ramifications for how we see the world.","PeriodicalId":46270,"journal":{"name":"Annals of GIS","volume":"93 1","pages":"5 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73561988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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