Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05450-2
Claudia Masucci, Konstantin O Nagornov, Anton N Kozhinov, Kevin Kraft, Yury O Tsybin, Davide Bleiner
Chlorinated paraffins (CP) are complex molecular mixtures occurring in a wide range of isomers and homologs of environmental hazards, whose analytical complexity demand advanced mass spectrometry (MS) methods for their characterization. The reported formation of chlorinated olefins (COs) and other transformation products during CP biotransformation and degradation can alter the MS analysis, increasing the high resolution required to distinguish CPs from their degradation products. An advanced setup hyphenating a plasma ionization source and an external high-performance data acquisition and processing system to the legacy hybrid LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer is reported. First, the study demonstrated the versatility of a liquid sampling atmospheric pressure glow discharge, as a soft ionization technique, for CP analysis. Second, enhanced resolution and sensitivity provided by the absorption mode Fourier transform spectral representation on this legacy mass spectrometer are shown. The developed Orbitrap-based platform allowed the detection of new isotopic clusters and CPs and COs to be distinguished at medium resolution (setting 30,000 at m/z 400, ~ 400 ms transients), and even chlorinated di-olefins (CdiOs) at higher resolution (setting 100,000 at m/z 400, ~ 1500 ms transients). Overall, such proof-of-principle instrumental improvements are promising for environmental and analytical research in the field of CP analysis.
{"title":"Evaluation of atmospheric-plasma-source absorption mode Fourier transform Orbitrap mass spectrometry for chlorinated paraffin mixtures.","authors":"Claudia Masucci, Konstantin O Nagornov, Anton N Kozhinov, Kevin Kraft, Yury O Tsybin, Davide Bleiner","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05450-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05450-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorinated paraffins (CP) are complex molecular mixtures occurring in a wide range of isomers and homologs of environmental hazards, whose analytical complexity demand advanced mass spectrometry (MS) methods for their characterization. The reported formation of chlorinated olefins (COs) and other transformation products during CP biotransformation and degradation can alter the MS analysis, increasing the high resolution required to distinguish CPs from their degradation products. An advanced setup hyphenating a plasma ionization source and an external high-performance data acquisition and processing system to the legacy hybrid LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer is reported. First, the study demonstrated the versatility of a liquid sampling atmospheric pressure glow discharge, as a soft ionization technique, for CP analysis. Second, enhanced resolution and sensitivity provided by the absorption mode Fourier transform spectral representation on this legacy mass spectrometer are shown. The developed Orbitrap-based platform allowed the detection of new isotopic clusters and CPs and COs to be distinguished at medium resolution (setting 30,000 at m/z 400, ~ 400 ms transients), and even chlorinated di-olefins (CdiOs) at higher resolution (setting 100,000 at m/z 400, ~ 1500 ms transients). Overall, such proof-of-principle instrumental improvements are promising for environmental and analytical research in the field of CP analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanotransduction is the essential process that cells convert mechanical force into biochemical responses, and electrochemical sensor stands out from existing techniques by providing quantitative and real-time information about the biochemical signals during cellular mechanotransduction. However, the intracellular biochemical response evoked by mechanical force has been poorly monitored. In this paper, we report a method to apply local stretch on single cell and simultaneously monitor the ensuing intracellular biochemical signals. Specifically, a ferromagnetic micropipette was fabricated to locally stretch a single cell labeled with Fe3O4 nanoparticles under the external magnetic field, and the SiC@Pt nanowire electrode (SiC@Pt NWE) was inserted into the cell to monitor the intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production induced by the local stretch. As a proof of concept, this work quantitatively investigated the elevated amount of H2O2 levels in single endothelial cell under different stretching amplitudes. This work puts forward a new research modality to manipulate and monitor the mechanotransduction at the single-cell level.
{"title":"Real-time monitoring of intracellular biochemical response in locally stretched single cell by a nanosensor.","authors":"Xue-Ke Jin, Kai-Qi Jin, Xiao-Ke Yang, Ming-Yong Wen, Yan-Ling Liu, Wei-Hua Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05348-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05348-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanotransduction is the essential process that cells convert mechanical force into biochemical responses, and electrochemical sensor stands out from existing techniques by providing quantitative and real-time information about the biochemical signals during cellular mechanotransduction. However, the intracellular biochemical response evoked by mechanical force has been poorly monitored. In this paper, we report a method to apply local stretch on single cell and simultaneously monitor the ensuing intracellular biochemical signals. Specifically, a ferromagnetic micropipette was fabricated to locally stretch a single cell labeled with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles under the external magnetic field, and the SiC@Pt nanowire electrode (SiC@Pt NWE) was inserted into the cell to monitor the intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) production induced by the local stretch. As a proof of concept, this work quantitatively investigated the elevated amount of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels in single endothelial cell under different stretching amplitudes. This work puts forward a new research modality to manipulate and monitor the mechanotransduction at the single-cell level.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05418-2
Wei Wang, Adam T Woolley
{"title":"Emerging trends in electrochemical analysis.","authors":"Wei Wang, Adam T Woolley","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05418-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05418-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05421-7
Elodie Lamy, Camille Roquencourt, Bingqing Zhou, Hélène Salvator, Pierre Moine, Djillali Annane, Philippe Devillier, Emmanuelle Bardin, Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
Exhaled breath volatilomics is a powerful non-invasive tool for biomarker discovery in medical applications, but compound annotation is essential for pathophysiological insights and technology transfer. This study was aimed at investigating the interest of a hybrid approach combining real-time proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) with comprehensive thermal desorption-two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS) to enhance the analysis and characterization of VOCs in clinical research, using COVID-19 as a use case. VOC biomarker candidates were selected from clinical research using PTR-TOF-MS fingerprinting in patients with COVID-19 and matched to the Human Breathomic Database. Corresponding analytical standards were analysed using both a liquid calibration unit coupled to PTR-TOF-MS and TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, together with confirmation on new clinical samples with TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS. From 26 potential VOC biomarkers, 23 were successfully detected with PTR-TOF-MS. All VOCs were successfully detected using TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, providing effective separation of highly chemically related compounds, including isomers, and enabling high-confidence annotation based on two-dimensional chromatographic separation and mass spectra. Four VOCs were identified with a level 1 annotation in the clinical samples. For future applications, the combination of real-time PTR-TOF-MS and comprehensive TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, at least on a subset of samples from a whole study, would enhance the performance of VOC annotation, offering potential advancements in biomarker discovery for clinical research.
{"title":"Combination of real-time and hyphenated mass spectrometry for improved characterisation of exhaled breath biomarkers in clinical research.","authors":"Elodie Lamy, Camille Roquencourt, Bingqing Zhou, Hélène Salvator, Pierre Moine, Djillali Annane, Philippe Devillier, Emmanuelle Bardin, Stanislas Grassin-Delyle","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05421-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05421-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exhaled breath volatilomics is a powerful non-invasive tool for biomarker discovery in medical applications, but compound annotation is essential for pathophysiological insights and technology transfer. This study was aimed at investigating the interest of a hybrid approach combining real-time proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) with comprehensive thermal desorption-two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS) to enhance the analysis and characterization of VOCs in clinical research, using COVID-19 as a use case. VOC biomarker candidates were selected from clinical research using PTR-TOF-MS fingerprinting in patients with COVID-19 and matched to the Human Breathomic Database. Corresponding analytical standards were analysed using both a liquid calibration unit coupled to PTR-TOF-MS and TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, together with confirmation on new clinical samples with TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS. From 26 potential VOC biomarkers, 23 were successfully detected with PTR-TOF-MS. All VOCs were successfully detected using TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, providing effective separation of highly chemically related compounds, including isomers, and enabling high-confidence annotation based on two-dimensional chromatographic separation and mass spectra. Four VOCs were identified with a level 1 annotation in the clinical samples. For future applications, the combination of real-time PTR-TOF-MS and comprehensive TD-GCxGC-TOF-MS, at least on a subset of samples from a whole study, would enhance the performance of VOC annotation, offering potential advancements in biomarker discovery for clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05419-1
Caiyan Tian, Hao Song, Norman Ahlmann, Sebastian Brandt, Daniel Foest, Guanghui Niu, Joachim Franzke, Luisa Speicher
The soft ionization mechanism of helium-based plasma seems to be understood while it still remains challenging in argon-based plasma, although many studies have used argon plasmas as a soft ionization source with good ionization efficiencies. In this study, helium, argon, krypton, and xenon were fed into the same discharge geometry, a flexible micro-tube plasma (FµTP), to determine the ionization mechanisms. The FµTPs operated with the named noble gases obtained comparable ionization efficiencies by MS measurements. The optical emission results showed that N2+ were the dominant ions within the helium-FµTP and noble gas ions were dominant for the other plasmas. These ions support the development of excitation and eventually stop at the end of the capillary. Therefore, Penning ionization and charge transfer between plasma and ambient air/analytes in the open atmosphere have been proven not to be the primary soft ionization mechanism. Furthermore, it was found that photoionization played a minor role in soft ionization. Using helium as a diagnosis gas in front of the discharge capillary nozzle of the FµTP, where the sample is usually positioned, shows that helium can be ignited by all of these FµTPs. This demonstrates that the excitation of a diagnosis gas as well as the ionization of analytes is independent of the type of the discharge gas. An alternative mechanism that a transient potential created by the ions is responsible for the soft ionization is subsequently proposed.
{"title":"Soft ionization mechanisms in flexible µ-tube plasma-elucidation of He-, Ar-, Kr-, and Xe-FµTP.","authors":"Caiyan Tian, Hao Song, Norman Ahlmann, Sebastian Brandt, Daniel Foest, Guanghui Niu, Joachim Franzke, Luisa Speicher","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05419-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05419-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The soft ionization mechanism of helium-based plasma seems to be understood while it still remains challenging in argon-based plasma, although many studies have used argon plasmas as a soft ionization source with good ionization efficiencies. In this study, helium, argon, krypton, and xenon were fed into the same discharge geometry, a flexible micro-tube plasma (FµTP), to determine the ionization mechanisms. The FµTPs operated with the named noble gases obtained comparable ionization efficiencies by MS measurements. The optical emission results showed that N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> were the dominant ions within the helium-FµTP and noble gas ions were dominant for the other plasmas. These ions support the development of excitation and eventually stop at the end of the capillary. Therefore, Penning ionization and charge transfer between plasma and ambient air/analytes in the open atmosphere have been proven not to be the primary soft ionization mechanism. Furthermore, it was found that photoionization played a minor role in soft ionization. Using helium as a diagnosis gas in front of the discharge capillary nozzle of the FµTP, where the sample is usually positioned, shows that helium can be ignited by all of these FµTPs. This demonstrates that the excitation of a diagnosis gas as well as the ionization of analytes is independent of the type of the discharge gas. An alternative mechanism that a transient potential created by the ions is responsible for the soft ionization is subsequently proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141615515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05426-2
Silvia Dudášová, Johann Wurz, Urs Berger, Thorsten Reemtsma, Qiuguo Fu, Oliver J Lechtenfeld
The increasing recognition of the health impacts from human exposure to per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) has surged the need for sophisticated analytical techniques and advanced data analyses, especially for assessing exposure by food of animal origin. Despite the existence of nearly 15,000 PFAS listed in the CompTox chemicals dashboard by the US Environmental Protection Agency, conventional monitoring and suspect screening methods often fall short, covering only a fraction of these substances. This study introduces an innovative automated data processing workflow, named PFlow, for identifying PFAS in environmental samples using direct infusion Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DI-FT-ICR MS). PFlow's validation on a bream liver sample, representative of low-concentration biota, involves data pre-processing, annotation of PFAS based on their precursor masses, and verification through isotopologues. Notably, PFlow annotated 17 PFAS absent in the comprehensive targeted approach and tentatively identified an additional 53 compounds, thereby demonstrating its efficiency in enhancing PFAS detection coverage. From an initial dataset of 30,332 distinct m/z values, PFlow thoroughly narrowed down the candidates to 84 potential PFAS compounds, utilizing precise mass measurements and chemical logic criteria, underscoring its potential in advancing our understanding of PFAS prevalence and of human exposure.
{"title":"An automated and high-throughput data processing workflow for PFAS identification in biota by direct infusion ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry.","authors":"Silvia Dudášová, Johann Wurz, Urs Berger, Thorsten Reemtsma, Qiuguo Fu, Oliver J Lechtenfeld","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05426-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05426-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing recognition of the health impacts from human exposure to per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) has surged the need for sophisticated analytical techniques and advanced data analyses, especially for assessing exposure by food of animal origin. Despite the existence of nearly 15,000 PFAS listed in the CompTox chemicals dashboard by the US Environmental Protection Agency, conventional monitoring and suspect screening methods often fall short, covering only a fraction of these substances. This study introduces an innovative automated data processing workflow, named PFlow, for identifying PFAS in environmental samples using direct infusion Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DI-FT-ICR MS). PFlow's validation on a bream liver sample, representative of low-concentration biota, involves data pre-processing, annotation of PFAS based on their precursor masses, and verification through isotopologues. Notably, PFlow annotated 17 PFAS absent in the comprehensive targeted approach and tentatively identified an additional 53 compounds, thereby demonstrating its efficiency in enhancing PFAS detection coverage. From an initial dataset of 30,332 distinct m/z values, PFlow thoroughly narrowed down the candidates to 84 potential PFAS compounds, utilizing precise mass measurements and chemical logic criteria, underscoring its potential in advancing our understanding of PFAS prevalence and of human exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05431-5
Jonas Wentrup, Thomas Dülcks, Jorg Thöming
In atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS), [M-3H+H2O]+ ions can deliver analyte-specific signals that enable direct analysis of volatile n-alkane mixtures. The underlying ionization mechanisms have been the subject of open debate, and in particular the role of water is insufficiently clarified to allow for reliable process analytics when the humidity level changes over time. This can be a problem, particularly in online monitoring, where analyte accumulation in the ion source can also occur. Here, we investigated the role of water during APCI-MS of volatile n-alkanes by changing the carrier gas for sample injection from a dry to a wetted state as well as by using 18O-labeled water. This allowed for a distinction between gaseous and surface-adsorbed water molecules. While adsorbed water seems to be responsible for the desired [M-3H+H2O]+ signals through surface reactions with the analyte molecules, gaseous water was found to promote the formation of CnH2n+1O+ of different (and analyte-independent) hydrocarbons, revealing a reaction with hydrocarbon species which accumulated in the ion source during continuous operation. At the same time, gaseous water competed with analyte molecules for ionization and thus suppressed the formation of alkyl (CnH2n+1+) and alkenyl (CnH2n-1+) ions. The results reveal a memory effect due to hydrocarbon adsorption, which may cause severe interpretation difficulties when the ionization chamber undergoes sudden humidity changes. The use of [M-3H+H2O]+ for n-alkane analysis in alkane/water mixtures can be facilitated by constantly maintaining high humidity and hence stabilizing the ionization conditions.
{"title":"The role of water in APCI-MS online monitoring of gaseous n-alkanes.","authors":"Jonas Wentrup, Thomas Dülcks, Jorg Thöming","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05431-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05431-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS), [M-3H+H<sub>2</sub>O]<sup>+</sup> ions can deliver analyte-specific signals that enable direct analysis of volatile n-alkane mixtures. The underlying ionization mechanisms have been the subject of open debate, and in particular the role of water is insufficiently clarified to allow for reliable process analytics when the humidity level changes over time. This can be a problem, particularly in online monitoring, where analyte accumulation in the ion source can also occur. Here, we investigated the role of water during APCI-MS of volatile n-alkanes by changing the carrier gas for sample injection from a dry to a wetted state as well as by using <sup>18</sup>O-labeled water. This allowed for a distinction between gaseous and surface-adsorbed water molecules. While adsorbed water seems to be responsible for the desired [M-3H+H<sub>2</sub>O]<sup>+</sup> signals through surface reactions with the analyte molecules, gaseous water was found to promote the formation of C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>O<sup>+</sup> of different (and analyte-independent) hydrocarbons, revealing a reaction with hydrocarbon species which accumulated in the ion source during continuous operation. At the same time, gaseous water competed with analyte molecules for ionization and thus suppressed the formation of alkyl (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub><sup>+</sup>) and alkenyl (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-1</sub><sup>+</sup>) ions. The results reveal a memory effect due to hydrocarbon adsorption, which may cause severe interpretation difficulties when the ionization chamber undergoes sudden humidity changes. The use of [M-3H+H<sub>2</sub>O]<sup>+</sup> for n-alkane analysis in alkane/water mixtures can be facilitated by constantly maintaining high humidity and hence stabilizing the ionization conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05463-x
Shulong Wang, Wenfang Huang, Qingyan Lin, Yinyin Feng, Qingmin Wei, Jiayao Xu, Rong Wang, Zhihui Luo
Nanocatalytic medicine, which aims to accurately target and effectively treat tumors through intratumoral in situ catalytic reactions triggered by tumor-specific environments or markers, is an emerging technology. However, the relative lack of catalytic activity of nanoenzymes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has hampered their use in biomedical applications. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a highly sensitive probe that specifically responds to the TME or disease markers in the TME for precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this work, a chiral photoacoustic (PA) nanoprobe (D/L-Ce@MoO3) based on the H2O2-catalyzed TME activation reaction was constructed in a one-step method using D-cysteine (D-Cys) or L-cysteine (L-Cys), polymolybdate, and cerium nitrate as raw materials. The designed and synthesized D/L-Ce@MoO3 chiral nanoprobe can perform in situ, non-invasive, and precise imaging of pharmacological acute liver injury. In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that the D/L-Ce@MoO3 probe had chiral properties, the CD signal decreased upon reaction with H2O2, and the absorption and PA signals increased with increasing H2O2 concentration. This is because of the catalytic reaction between Ce ions doped in the nanoenzyme and the high expression of H2O2 caused by drug-induced liver injury to produce ·OH, which has a strong oxidizing property to kill tumor cells and destroy the Mo-S bond in the probe, thus converting the chiral probe into an achiral polyoxometalate (POM) with PA signal.
纳米催化医学是一项新兴技术,旨在通过肿瘤特异性环境或标记物引发的瘤内原位催化反应,准确定位并有效治疗肿瘤。然而,纳米酶在肿瘤微环境(TME)中相对缺乏催化活性,这阻碍了它们在生物医学领域的应用。因此,开发一种能对肿瘤微环境或肿瘤微环境中的疾病标志物做出特异性反应的高灵敏度探针对于疾病的精确诊断和治疗至关重要。本研究以 D-半胱氨酸(D-Cys)或 L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)、聚钼酸盐和硝酸铈为原料,一步法构建了基于 H2O2 催化的 TME 活化反应的手性光声(PA)纳米探针(D/L-Ce@MoO3)。设计合成的 D/L-Ce@MoO3 手性纳米探针可对药理急性肝损伤进行原位、无创和精确成像。体内和体外实验表明,D/L-Ce@MoO3探针具有手性,与H2O2反应后CD信号减弱,吸收和PA信号随H2O2浓度的增加而增强。这是因为纳米酶中掺入的 Ce 离子与药物性肝损伤引起的高表达量 H2O2 发生催化反应,产生 -OH,而 -OH 具有强氧化性,能杀死肿瘤细胞并破坏探针中的 Mo-S 键,从而将手性探针转化为具有 PA 信号的非手性聚氧化金属酸盐(POM)。
{"title":"Design and synthesis of a novel chiral photoacoustic probe and accurate imaging detection of hydrogen peroxide in vivo.","authors":"Shulong Wang, Wenfang Huang, Qingyan Lin, Yinyin Feng, Qingmin Wei, Jiayao Xu, Rong Wang, Zhihui Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05463-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05463-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanocatalytic medicine, which aims to accurately target and effectively treat tumors through intratumoral in situ catalytic reactions triggered by tumor-specific environments or markers, is an emerging technology. However, the relative lack of catalytic activity of nanoenzymes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has hampered their use in biomedical applications. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a highly sensitive probe that specifically responds to the TME or disease markers in the TME for precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this work, a chiral photoacoustic (PA) nanoprobe (D/L-Ce@MoO<sub>3</sub>) based on the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed TME activation reaction was constructed in a one-step method using D-cysteine (D-Cys) or L-cysteine (L-Cys), polymolybdate, and cerium nitrate as raw materials. The designed and synthesized D/L-Ce@MoO<sub>3</sub> chiral nanoprobe can perform in situ, non-invasive, and precise imaging of pharmacological acute liver injury. In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that the D/L-Ce@MoO<sub>3</sub> probe had chiral properties, the CD signal decreased upon reaction with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and the absorption and PA signals increased with increasing H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration. This is because of the catalytic reaction between Ce ions doped in the nanoenzyme and the high expression of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> caused by drug-induced liver injury to produce ·OH, which has a strong oxidizing property to kill tumor cells and destroy the Mo-S bond in the probe, thus converting the chiral probe into an achiral polyoxometalate (POM) with PA signal.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reverse transcription-digital PCR (RT-dPCR) is attracting attention as a method that enables SI-traceable RNA quantification without calibration, but its accuracy and bias have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the accurate quantification of RNA by the RT-dPCR method was investigated using NMIJ CRM 6204-b, an RNA certified reference material whose certified value was assigned by orthogonal chemical measurement methods. Moreover, a two-step RT-dPCR method was adopted to examine in detail the conditions for the RT reaction process, which was expected to be the major uncertainty component in the RT-dPCR measurement. Optimization experiments revealed that the type of reverse transcriptase, the concentration of template RNA, and the type and concentration of primers in the RT reaction affected the value quantified by RT-dPCR. Under the optimal conditions, the value quantified by RT-dPCR, 76.4 ng/μL ± 6.7 ng/μL (the quantified value ± expanded uncertainty (k = 2)), was consistent with the certified value, 68.2 ng/μL ± 5.8 ng/μL, of NMIJ CRM 6204-b RNA 1000-A within the expanded uncertainty. From the results of the uncertainty evaluation, the relative combined uncertainty of the RT-dPCR method was 4.42%, and the major uncertainty components in the RT-dPCR method were the preparation of RT solution (3.68%), the inter-day difference (1.80%), and the RT reaction (1.30%). Together, the results suggested that the contribution of the RT reaction process to the total uncertainty was greater than that of the dPCR process.
{"title":"Identification and optimization of parameters for accurate quantification of RNA by RT-dPCR.","authors":"Sachie Shibayama, Yukiko Osumi, Akiko Takatsu, Megumi Kato","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05447-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05447-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reverse transcription-digital PCR (RT-dPCR) is attracting attention as a method that enables SI-traceable RNA quantification without calibration, but its accuracy and bias have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the accurate quantification of RNA by the RT-dPCR method was investigated using NMIJ CRM 6204-b, an RNA certified reference material whose certified value was assigned by orthogonal chemical measurement methods. Moreover, a two-step RT-dPCR method was adopted to examine in detail the conditions for the RT reaction process, which was expected to be the major uncertainty component in the RT-dPCR measurement. Optimization experiments revealed that the type of reverse transcriptase, the concentration of template RNA, and the type and concentration of primers in the RT reaction affected the value quantified by RT-dPCR. Under the optimal conditions, the value quantified by RT-dPCR, 76.4 ng/μL ± 6.7 ng/μL (the quantified value ± expanded uncertainty (k = 2)), was consistent with the certified value, 68.2 ng/μL ± 5.8 ng/μL, of NMIJ CRM 6204-b RNA 1000-A within the expanded uncertainty. From the results of the uncertainty evaluation, the relative combined uncertainty of the RT-dPCR method was 4.42%, and the major uncertainty components in the RT-dPCR method were the preparation of RT solution (3.68%), the inter-day difference (1.80%), and the RT reaction (1.30%). Together, the results suggested that the contribution of the RT reaction process to the total uncertainty was greater than that of the dPCR process.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05501-8
Marc-Michael Blum, Wolfgang Schmeißer, Marina Dentzel, Horst Thiermann, Harald John
The highly blistering sulfur mustard analogue agent T (bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether), also known as O-mustard or oxy-mustard, is a common impurity in military grade sulfur mustard (SM) and a component of mixtures such as "HT" that are still found in old munitions. Together with sesquimustard (Q), it is the most important SM analogue and tightly regulated as a Schedule 1 chemical under the Chemical Weapons Convention. We report the adducts of T with nucleophilic Cys34 and other residues in human serum albumin (HSA) formed in vitro. A micro liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry method (µLC-ESI MS/HR MS) was developed for the detection and identification of biomarker peptides alkylated by a T-derived hydroxyethylthioethyloxyethylthioethyl (HETEOETE)-moiety (as indicated by an asterisk below). Following proteolysis of T-exposed human plasma with pronase, the dipeptide Cys34*Pro and the single amino acid residue His* were produced. The use of proteinase K yielded Cys34*ProPhe and the use of pepsin generated ValThrGlu48*Phe, AlaGlu230*ValSerLysLeu, and LeuGlyMet329*Phe. Corresponding peptide-adducts of SM and Q were detected in a common workflow that in principle allowed the estimation of the mustard or mustard composition encountered during exposure. Novel adducts of Q at the Glu230 and Met239 residues were detected and are reported accordingly. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, we identified regular interactions of the Cys34(-HETEOETE)-moiety with several glutamic acid residues in HSA including Glu86, which is not an obvious interaction partner by visual inspection of the HSA crystal structure. The existence of this and other intramolecular cross-links was experimentally proven for the first time.
高泡性硫芥类似物毒剂 T(双(2-氯乙基硫代乙基)醚)又称 O-芥子气或氧芥子气,是军用级硫芥子气(SM)中的一种常见杂质,也是旧弹药中仍可找到的 "HT "等混合物的一种成分。它与芝麻芥(Q)是最重要的硫芥类似物,并作为《化学武器公约》附表 1 的化学品受到严格管制。我们报告了 T 与人血清白蛋白(HSA)中亲核的 Cys34 和其他残基在体外形成的加合物。我们开发了一种微液相色谱电喷雾离子化高分辨串联质谱法(μLC-ESI MS/HR MS),用于检测和鉴定由 T 衍生的羟乙基硫基乙基(HETEOETE)分子(如下星号所示)烷基化的生物标记肽。用蛋白酶对暴露于 T 的人体血浆进行蛋白水解后,产生了二肽 Cys34*Pro 和单个氨基酸残基 His*。使用蛋白酶 K 产生 Cys34*ProPhe,使用胃蛋白酶产生 ValThrGlu48*Phe、AlaGlu230*ValSerLysLeu 和 LeuGlyMet329*Phe。在一个共同的工作流程中检测到了 SM 和 Q 的相应肽加合物,原则上可以对暴露过程中遇到的芥子气或芥子气成分进行估计。在 Glu230 和 Met239 两个残基上检测到了 Q 的新加合物,并进行了相应的报告。根据分子动力学模拟,我们确定了 Cys34(-HETEOETE)分子与 HSA 中包括 Glu86 在内的几个谷氨酸残基之间的规律性相互作用。实验首次证明了这种交联和其他分子内交联的存在。
{"title":"The blistering warfare agent O-mustard (agent T) generates protein-adducts with human serum albumin useful for biomedical verification of exposure and forms intramolecular cross-links.","authors":"Marc-Michael Blum, Wolfgang Schmeißer, Marina Dentzel, Horst Thiermann, Harald John","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05501-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05501-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The highly blistering sulfur mustard analogue agent T (bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether), also known as O-mustard or oxy-mustard, is a common impurity in military grade sulfur mustard (SM) and a component of mixtures such as \"HT\" that are still found in old munitions. Together with sesquimustard (Q), it is the most important SM analogue and tightly regulated as a Schedule 1 chemical under the Chemical Weapons Convention. We report the adducts of T with nucleophilic Cys<sup>34</sup> and other residues in human serum albumin (HSA) formed in vitro. A micro liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry method (µLC-ESI MS/HR MS) was developed for the detection and identification of biomarker peptides alkylated by a T-derived hydroxyethylthioethyloxyethylthioethyl (HETEOETE)-moiety (as indicated by an asterisk below). Following proteolysis of T-exposed human plasma with pronase, the dipeptide Cys<sup>34</sup>*Pro and the single amino acid residue His* were produced. The use of proteinase K yielded Cys<sup>34</sup>*ProPhe and the use of pepsin generated ValThrGlu<sup>48</sup>*Phe, AlaGlu<sup>230</sup>*ValSerLysLeu, and LeuGlyMet<sup>329</sup>*Phe. Corresponding peptide-adducts of SM and Q were detected in a common workflow that in principle allowed the estimation of the mustard or mustard composition encountered during exposure. Novel adducts of Q at the Glu<sup>230</sup> and Met<sup>239</sup> residues were detected and are reported accordingly. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, we identified regular interactions of the Cys<sup>34</sup>(-HETEOETE)-moiety with several glutamic acid residues in HSA including Glu<sup>86</sup>, which is not an obvious interaction partner by visual inspection of the HSA crystal structure. The existence of this and other intramolecular cross-links was experimentally proven for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}