Melbourne University Law Review最新文献

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Advanced directives, the right to die and the common law: recent problems with blood transfusions. 先进的指令，死亡的权利和普通法:最近的输血问题。

IF 0.9 3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Melbourne University Law Review

Pub Date : 1999-04-01

C Stewart

The Australian common law suffers from a lack of judicial authority on the right to die, in particular the right of patients to make anticipatory decisions to refuse treatment. Recent cases concerning the right of patients to refuse life-saving blood transfusions have highlighted the need for a substantial judicial clarification of this area. This article critically examines one of the most recent Australian cases in detail and compares its approach with those from other common countries. After taking this comparative analysis the article puts forth a common law model of anticipatory decision-making and examines how that model might work in the context of current legislative frameworks.

澳大利亚普通法缺乏关于死亡权利的司法权威，特别是关于病人作出拒绝治疗的预期决定的权利。最近关于病人有权拒绝挽救生命的输血的案件突出表明，有必要对这一领域进行实质性的司法澄清。本文对澳大利亚最近的一个案例进行了详细的批判性研究，并将其方法与其他常见国家的方法进行了比较。在进行这种比较分析之后，本文提出了一种预见性决策的普通法模式，并考察了该模式如何在当前立法框架的背景下发挥作用。

引用次数: 0

The recognition of proprietary rights in human tissue in common law jurisdictions. 在普通法管辖范围内对人体组织所有权的承认。

IF 0.9 3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Melbourne University Law Review

Pub Date : 1992-06-01

R S Magnusson

Human tissue is used in an increasing number of medical and scientific contexts. Despite this, the law has traditionally regarded such tissue as having no status in law. This paper provides an overview of the issue of property rights in human corpses, cadaveric specimens, donated living tissue, and human tissue used in biotechnology and human reproductive technology. It discusses Australian common law and legislation, and reviews developments in England and the United States from an Australian perspective. The paper argues that limited proprietary rights, consistent with Australian legislation, ought to be recognized both in living and in dead human tissue, in order to achieve worthwhile objectives.

人体组织被用于越来越多的医学和科学领域。尽管如此，法律传统上认为这种组织在法律上没有地位。本文概述了人类尸体、尸体标本、捐赠活体组织以及生物技术和人类生殖技术中使用的人体组织的产权问题。它讨论了澳大利亚普通法和立法，并从澳大利亚的角度回顾了英国和美国的发展。这篇论文认为，为了实现有价值的目标，与澳大利亚立法一致的有限的所有权应该在活的和死的人体组织中得到承认。

引用次数: 0

Refining the definition of death for Australian legislation. 为澳大利亚立法细化死亡的定义。

IF 0.9 3区社会学 Q2 Social Sciences

Melbourne University Law Review

Pub Date : 1983-12-01

R G Smith

In the article Mr. Smith considers the need for reform in the area of defining when death occurs and the various approaches that exist to define death. He then analyses the stages of the developments in the various Australian jurisdictions and discusses the substantive content of the basic definition adopted and the practical implications of any enactment. The author suggests that the concept of death should be legislatively enacted in relevant pieces of legislation which call for a resolution of the question at the present time and a more general separate statement defining death should be avoided at the moment. Conceptually death should be defined as the permanent and irreversible loss of consciousness of the individual as determined by irreversible cessation of the brain stem function. The actual operational criteria of death should form the subject of a circular published by the relevant statutory health authority for the guidance of medical practitioners in relation to the specific problems they face.

在这篇文章中，史密斯先生认为有必要在定义死亡发生的时间和现有的各种定义死亡的方法方面进行改革。然后，他分析了澳大利亚各司法管辖区的发展阶段，并讨论了所采用的基本定义的实质性内容和任何颁布的实际影响。作者建议，死亡的概念应在目前要求解决这一问题的相关立法中立法，目前应避免对死亡作出更笼统的单独陈述。从概念上讲，死亡应该被定义为个体意识的永久和不可逆转的丧失，由脑干功能的不可逆转的停止所决定。死亡的实际操作标准应成为有关法定卫生当局发布的通知的主题，以指导医生就他们面临的具体问题提供指导。

引用次数: 0

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