Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2255048
Geddam Subhasree, Sundaramoorthy Jeyavel, Jojo Chacko Eapen, D P Deepthi
Stress mindset is a lens through which one views stress and its consequences as beneficial or harmful for them. It is a distinct variable that differs from frequency, amount, and intensity of stress. The literature review indicated that stress mindset could mediate the link between self-efficacy and coping style, which was previously not tested. Hence, the study aimed; 1) to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, stress mindset, and coping style; 2) to investigate the influence of stress mindset and self-efficacy on coping styles; 3) to find whether stress mindset mediates the association between self-efficacy and coping styles. The study employed a correlational research design, whereby through multi-phase sampling recruited 727 participants (male = 300, female = 427, mean age = 16.26) studying in 11th and 12th standard. The researchers administered validated stress mindset, self-efficacy, and coping style and performed a multiple correlational and regression analysis. They computed mediation analysis using Haye’s model 4 in Process Macro. The finding indicated that the association between self-efficacy and self-controlling coping style is mediated by stress mindset. Furthermore, it mediated the connection between some sub-domains of self-efficacy and coping styles. The data were evident to infer that individual with high self-efficacy can interpret social stressors as beneficial and improve their coping skills.
{"title":"Stress mindset as a mediator between self-efficacy and coping styles","authors":"Geddam Subhasree, Sundaramoorthy Jeyavel, Jojo Chacko Eapen, D P Deepthi","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2255048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2255048","url":null,"abstract":"Stress mindset is a lens through which one views stress and its consequences as beneficial or harmful for them. It is a distinct variable that differs from frequency, amount, and intensity of stress. The literature review indicated that stress mindset could mediate the link between self-efficacy and coping style, which was previously not tested. Hence, the study aimed; 1) to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, stress mindset, and coping style; 2) to investigate the influence of stress mindset and self-efficacy on coping styles; 3) to find whether stress mindset mediates the association between self-efficacy and coping styles. The study employed a correlational research design, whereby through multi-phase sampling recruited 727 participants (male = 300, female = 427, mean age = 16.26) studying in 11th and 12th standard. The researchers administered validated stress mindset, self-efficacy, and coping style and performed a multiple correlational and regression analysis. They computed mediation analysis using Haye’s model 4 in Process Macro. The finding indicated that the association between self-efficacy and self-controlling coping style is mediated by stress mindset. Furthermore, it mediated the connection between some sub-domains of self-efficacy and coping styles. The data were evident to infer that individual with high self-efficacy can interpret social stressors as beneficial and improve their coping skills.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2250626
Veronica Ramirez, Claire Gorey, Sarah D. Pressman
Abstract Despite the widely known mood enhancing and anxiolytic properties of alcohol, its link with affective state is not universal and rather nuanced. We examined whether dispositional traits of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) influence the link between consumed alcohol and affective states (i.e. state PA and state NA), and state arousal. Self-report measures of state affect, state arousal, and objective measures of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), were obtained in naturalistic social drinking settings (i.e. bar and drinking venues) as individuals engaged in real-world social drinking activities. The sample consisted of 60 participants (55.9% females) whose age ranged from 20 to 27 years old (M = 21.85, SD = 1.24). Trait affect and demographic measures were obtained 48 hours later via an online survey. Results revealed a between-subject interaction of trait affect by BAC on state PA and state: at higher BAC levels, individuals with high levels of trait PA, but not low trait PA, experienced significantly higher state PA. Further analyses of state PA subscales showed that this interaction was present in state calmness but not state well-being or vigor. In the context of arousal, those with high trait NA, but not low trait NA, scored higher in state high-arousal levels. Main effects of trait PA/NA on state affect were detected, but not for BAC on state affect or arousal. This highlights the impactful role that dispositional affect can have in permeating or enhancing emotional states experienced in real-world social drinking contexts.
{"title":"The interactive associations between positive and negative affect and alcohol in real-world social drinking environments","authors":"Veronica Ramirez, Claire Gorey, Sarah D. Pressman","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2250626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2250626","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the widely known mood enhancing and anxiolytic properties of alcohol, its link with affective state is not universal and rather nuanced. We examined whether dispositional traits of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) influence the link between consumed alcohol and affective states (i.e. state PA and state NA), and state arousal. Self-report measures of state affect, state arousal, and objective measures of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), were obtained in naturalistic social drinking settings (i.e. bar and drinking venues) as individuals engaged in real-world social drinking activities. The sample consisted of 60 participants (55.9% females) whose age ranged from 20 to 27 years old (M = 21.85, SD = 1.24). Trait affect and demographic measures were obtained 48 hours later via an online survey. Results revealed a between-subject interaction of trait affect by BAC on state PA and state: at higher BAC levels, individuals with high levels of trait PA, but not low trait PA, experienced significantly higher state PA. Further analyses of state PA subscales showed that this interaction was present in state calmness but not state well-being or vigor. In the context of arousal, those with high trait NA, but not low trait NA, scored higher in state high-arousal levels. Main effects of trait PA/NA on state affect were detected, but not for BAC on state affect or arousal. This highlights the impactful role that dispositional affect can have in permeating or enhancing emotional states experienced in real-world social drinking contexts.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48287325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2251208
Robert D. Ridge, Gregory L. Busath, Brian G. Mead, Ariana Hedges-Muncy
Abstract We employed a Bayesian analysis to compare offence-specific forgiveness in supportive versus ambivalent relationships. We also investigated offender accounts to assess their effect on forgiveness. Participants (283 total, 171 female) read a hypothetical scenario wherein an offender from a supportive or ambivalent relationship transgressed against them. The offender then offered a mitigating (i.e., concession or excuse) or an aggravating (i.e., justification or refusal) account for their behaviour. As predicted, an ambivalent offender received less forgiveness than a supportive offender, and mitigating accounts produced more forgiveness than aggravating accounts. These results suggest that the positive aspects of an ambivalent relationship are not substantial enough to negate the negative aspects of the relationship, which results in less forgiveness being offered to an offender, independent of the type of account offered for the offense.
{"title":"How do I pardon thee?: The effects of relationship type, account type, and gender on offence-specific forgiveness","authors":"Robert D. Ridge, Gregory L. Busath, Brian G. Mead, Ariana Hedges-Muncy","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2251208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2251208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We employed a Bayesian analysis to compare offence-specific forgiveness in supportive versus ambivalent relationships. We also investigated offender accounts to assess their effect on forgiveness. Participants (283 total, 171 female) read a hypothetical scenario wherein an offender from a supportive or ambivalent relationship transgressed against them. The offender then offered a mitigating (i.e., concession or excuse) or an aggravating (i.e., justification or refusal) account for their behaviour. As predicted, an ambivalent offender received less forgiveness than a supportive offender, and mitigating accounts produced more forgiveness than aggravating accounts. These results suggest that the positive aspects of an ambivalent relationship are not substantial enough to negate the negative aspects of the relationship, which results in less forgiveness being offered to an offender, independent of the type of account offered for the offense.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2245607
Kazuto Yamaguchi, Kazunori Akizuki, Ryohei Yamamoto, J. Yabuki, Yukari Ohashi
Abstract In sports and rehabilitation settings, although haptic guidance is a general method for facilitating motor learning, the effects of verbal instruction on motor learning remain unclear when using haptic guidance. This study thus investigated the influence of verbal instruction on a novel visuo-motor task presented before practice, while also implementing haptic guidance. Thirty participants, who performed a mirror drawing task, were randomly allocated to three groups: control—without augmented verbal instruction, HG-with relying (HG-with)—instructed to rely on guidance devices, and HG-without relying (HG-without)—instructed not to rely on guidance devices. We assessed the tracing time and error area of the mirror drawing task as performance measurements. The self-made guidance devices used in the practice session were constructed of 2-mm-thick cardboard and had a 5-mm-wide groove that matched the shape of the target figure. The tracing time in HG-with condition during the practice session (median = 66.5 s, IQR = 55.3–80.5 s) was significantly shorter compared with that in control condition (median = 132.5 s, IQR = 125.0–144.8 s) (p = .019). The error area (median = 585.0 mm2, IQR = 559–687.0 mm2) was also significantly larger in the HG-with condition than in control condition (median = 413.5 mm2, IQR = 350.5–494.0 mm2) (p = .029). Additionally, HG-with condition (mean = 46 %, SD = 12.3 %) showed greater improvement rate for tracing time from pre-test to post-test than HG-without condition (mean = 30 %, SD = 8.3 %) (p = .032). Our results suggest that, even if the same haptic guidance was implemented, visuo-motor task improvement was influenced by verbal instructions.
{"title":"Effects of different verbal instructions on usage of haptic guidance","authors":"Kazuto Yamaguchi, Kazunori Akizuki, Ryohei Yamamoto, J. Yabuki, Yukari Ohashi","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2245607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2245607","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In sports and rehabilitation settings, although haptic guidance is a general method for facilitating motor learning, the effects of verbal instruction on motor learning remain unclear when using haptic guidance. This study thus investigated the influence of verbal instruction on a novel visuo-motor task presented before practice, while also implementing haptic guidance. Thirty participants, who performed a mirror drawing task, were randomly allocated to three groups: control—without augmented verbal instruction, HG-with relying (HG-with)—instructed to rely on guidance devices, and HG-without relying (HG-without)—instructed not to rely on guidance devices. We assessed the tracing time and error area of the mirror drawing task as performance measurements. The self-made guidance devices used in the practice session were constructed of 2-mm-thick cardboard and had a 5-mm-wide groove that matched the shape of the target figure. The tracing time in HG-with condition during the practice session (median = 66.5 s, IQR = 55.3–80.5 s) was significantly shorter compared with that in control condition (median = 132.5 s, IQR = 125.0–144.8 s) (p = .019). The error area (median = 585.0 mm2, IQR = 559–687.0 mm2) was also significantly larger in the HG-with condition than in control condition (median = 413.5 mm2, IQR = 350.5–494.0 mm2) (p = .029). Additionally, HG-with condition (mean = 46 %, SD = 12.3 %) showed greater improvement rate for tracing time from pre-test to post-test than HG-without condition (mean = 30 %, SD = 8.3 %) (p = .032). Our results suggest that, even if the same haptic guidance was implemented, visuo-motor task improvement was influenced by verbal instructions.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44300595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2248765
Madeleine Pownall, Jenny Terry, Elizabeth Collins, Martina Sladekova, Abigail Jones
Abstract To advance the goals and values of open science, it is vital that the next generation of researchers, i.e. PhD researchers, is supported in adopting open science practices. However, to date, there is no comprehensive understanding of psychology PhD researchers’ knowledge, perceptions, and experiences with open science in a UK context. The present study used a pre-registered mixed methods design to fill this gap in the literature, by surveying psychology PhD students in the UK (n = 196) on their experiences with open science, perceptions of open science, and knowledge of open science tools and practices. Our findings demonstrate that while attitudes towards questionable research practices were consistently high, knowledge and perceptions of open science tools and practices varied considerably across PhD researchers. In particular, supervisory support and guidance with open science practices was mixed across participants. Perceived benefits of engaging with open science included benefits to employability, signalling researcher credibility, sharing learning and resources, building collaboration and relationships, and wider dissemination of PhD researchers’ work. Perceived barriers included lack of time, financial reasons, fear of scooping, fear of judgement or criticism, and incompatibility with research paradigms (e.g. qualitative research). Implications for policy, including British Psychological Society training and support, are discussed.
{"title":"UK Psychology PhD researchers’ knowledge, perceptions, and experiences of open science","authors":"Madeleine Pownall, Jenny Terry, Elizabeth Collins, Martina Sladekova, Abigail Jones","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2248765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2248765","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To advance the goals and values of open science, it is vital that the next generation of researchers, i.e. PhD researchers, is supported in adopting open science practices. However, to date, there is no comprehensive understanding of psychology PhD researchers’ knowledge, perceptions, and experiences with open science in a UK context. The present study used a pre-registered mixed methods design to fill this gap in the literature, by surveying psychology PhD students in the UK (n = 196) on their experiences with open science, perceptions of open science, and knowledge of open science tools and practices. Our findings demonstrate that while attitudes towards questionable research practices were consistently high, knowledge and perceptions of open science tools and practices varied considerably across PhD researchers. In particular, supervisory support and guidance with open science practices was mixed across participants. Perceived benefits of engaging with open science included benefits to employability, signalling researcher credibility, sharing learning and resources, building collaboration and relationships, and wider dissemination of PhD researchers’ work. Perceived barriers included lack of time, financial reasons, fear of scooping, fear of judgement or criticism, and incompatibility with research paradigms (e.g. qualitative research). Implications for policy, including British Psychological Society training and support, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2240149
A. Schienle, Florian Osmani
Abstract Some individuals pick their skin excessively which induces skin lesions. These individuals with high severity of skin-picking (SOSP) usually experience their picking not as painful, although this behavior causes physical harm. This may point to lowered pain sensitivity in individuals with elevated SOSP. A total of 144 participants characterized by three different levels of self-reported SOSP received electrocutaneous pulses of different intensities to the skin surface of their left forearm. A mixed-model analysis of variance tested the effects of SOSP group (no/medium/high skin-picking severity) and stimulus intensity (6,16,26,36 mA) on participants’ ratings for perceived intensity/unpleasantness of stimuli and their own affective state (valence, arousal). Relative to participants who never pick their skin, the medium and high SOSP groups reported feeling more unpleasant and aroused during electrocutaneous stimulation. The three SOSP groups did not differ in the evaluation of the stimuli. It has to be noted that only a limited set of stimulation parameters (one location of stimulation; four stimulus intensities) were included. The present findings suggest that emotional responsivity to skin stimulation (but not pain sensitivity) is an important factor in understanding skin-picking behavior.
{"title":"Affective responses to electrocutaneous stimulation in three groups of participants with different levels of skin-picking severity","authors":"A. Schienle, Florian Osmani","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2240149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2240149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Some individuals pick their skin excessively which induces skin lesions. These individuals with high severity of skin-picking (SOSP) usually experience their picking not as painful, although this behavior causes physical harm. This may point to lowered pain sensitivity in individuals with elevated SOSP. A total of 144 participants characterized by three different levels of self-reported SOSP received electrocutaneous pulses of different intensities to the skin surface of their left forearm. A mixed-model analysis of variance tested the effects of SOSP group (no/medium/high skin-picking severity) and stimulus intensity (6,16,26,36 mA) on participants’ ratings for perceived intensity/unpleasantness of stimuli and their own affective state (valence, arousal). Relative to participants who never pick their skin, the medium and high SOSP groups reported feeling more unpleasant and aroused during electrocutaneous stimulation. The three SOSP groups did not differ in the evaluation of the stimuli. It has to be noted that only a limited set of stimulation parameters (one location of stimulation; four stimulus intensities) were included. The present findings suggest that emotional responsivity to skin stimulation (but not pain sensitivity) is an important factor in understanding skin-picking behavior.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48961213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2234692
Nadia Justel, Verónika Diaz Abrahan, Julieta Moltrasio, W. Rubinstein
Abstract Research has shown that memory is influenced by emotion. Several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to modulate emotional memory pursuing clinical and educational aims. Music has been identified as a potential memory modulator, with results differing widely depending on whether the participant had musical training or not. The current study examined the effect of listening to music on musicians’ and non-musicians’ positive (study 1) and negative (study 2) emotional memory, in a group of 163 volunteers, aged 18–40. After the information was encoded, the groups of participants were exposed to arousing music (Symphony No. 70, D major by Joseph Haydn) or a control stimulus (white noise) for three minutes. Then memory was evaluated through free recall and recognition (immediate and deferred measures). Memory performance was compared between musicians (people with five or more years of music education) and non-musicians. Positive and negative images were better recalled than neutral ones, positive images were better recognized than neutral ones however neutral images were better recognized than negative ones. In Study 1, listening to white noise enhanced recall compared to listening to music. In Study 2, listening to arousing music enhanced recall compared to listening to white noise, and this effect was more pronounced in musicians than non-musicians. Our findings suggest that music has a great impact on memory, especially in those with experience in the field, which is reflected in cognitive performance.
{"title":"Differential effect of music on memory depends on emotional valence: An experimental study about listening to music and music training","authors":"Nadia Justel, Verónika Diaz Abrahan, Julieta Moltrasio, W. Rubinstein","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2234692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2234692","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research has shown that memory is influenced by emotion. Several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to modulate emotional memory pursuing clinical and educational aims. Music has been identified as a potential memory modulator, with results differing widely depending on whether the participant had musical training or not. The current study examined the effect of listening to music on musicians’ and non-musicians’ positive (study 1) and negative (study 2) emotional memory, in a group of 163 volunteers, aged 18–40. After the information was encoded, the groups of participants were exposed to arousing music (Symphony No. 70, D major by Joseph Haydn) or a control stimulus (white noise) for three minutes. Then memory was evaluated through free recall and recognition (immediate and deferred measures). Memory performance was compared between musicians (people with five or more years of music education) and non-musicians. Positive and negative images were better recalled than neutral ones, positive images were better recognized than neutral ones however neutral images were better recognized than negative ones. In Study 1, listening to white noise enhanced recall compared to listening to music. In Study 2, listening to arousing music enhanced recall compared to listening to white noise, and this effect was more pronounced in musicians than non-musicians. Our findings suggest that music has a great impact on memory, especially in those with experience in the field, which is reflected in cognitive performance.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47920282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2228556
Kenneth Ananda Putra, C. E. Prasetio, Agnes Sianipar
Abstract This study aims to examine whether psychological distress mediates the association between rumination and symptoms of depression-anxiety, and whether such a mediating role is moderated by the ability to inhibit irrelevant negative information (a moderated-mediation model). On-line questionnaires comprising the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Negative Affective Priming (NAP) Task as a measure of inhibitory control (IC) on negative information were administered to 181 participants (M = 21.57 years old, 80.1% females). The results of the analyses showed (1) a significant negative association between psychological distress and the performance of inhibitory control on negative information, (2) a partial mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between rumination and symptoms of depression and anxiety, and (3) that the mediating role was moderated by inhibitory control performance. The stronger the inhibitory control, the weaker a relationship between rumination and psychological distress, which is associated with the reduction in the mediating role of psychological distress on the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The implications of our findings will be discussed by considering the systemic dynamic Model for understanding depression and anxiety.
{"title":"Inhibition on irrelevant negative information alleviates the mediating role of psychological distress in the association between trait rumination and symptoms of depression and anxiety","authors":"Kenneth Ananda Putra, C. E. Prasetio, Agnes Sianipar","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2228556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2228556","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to examine whether psychological distress mediates the association between rumination and symptoms of depression-anxiety, and whether such a mediating role is moderated by the ability to inhibit irrelevant negative information (a moderated-mediation model). On-line questionnaires comprising the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Negative Affective Priming (NAP) Task as a measure of inhibitory control (IC) on negative information were administered to 181 participants (M = 21.57 years old, 80.1% females). The results of the analyses showed (1) a significant negative association between psychological distress and the performance of inhibitory control on negative information, (2) a partial mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between rumination and symptoms of depression and anxiety, and (3) that the mediating role was moderated by inhibitory control performance. The stronger the inhibitory control, the weaker a relationship between rumination and psychological distress, which is associated with the reduction in the mediating role of psychological distress on the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The implications of our findings will be discussed by considering the systemic dynamic Model for understanding depression and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43991767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Internal armed conflicts dramatically affect vulnerable populations, especially children. Such traumatic events negative affect mentalhealth, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral well-being. The present study sought to identify cognitive, emotional, and social cognition states and characteristics of a child population who were victims of forced displacement that was caused by the armed conflict in Colombia. The sample consisted of 140 children, including childvictims of displacement (47 girls and 58 boys) and a comparison group(36 participants; 14 girls, 21 boys) who attended school and lived in relocation zones. Comparative and correlational analyses were performed to examine child outcomes between groups. The results indicated that the victim group had a higher risk, as reflected by scores on clinical and adaptive scales, compared to the comparison group. However, significant differences in performance were observed between the groups in terms of executive functioning tasks and theory of mind. The group of children exposed to displacement processes within the context of the Colombian armedconf lict exhibited better performance in these domains compared to a population without this background, who resided in socially vulnerable areas. These findings provide evidence that children who have experienced displacement because of armed conflict exhibit significant cognitive impairments in tasks related to cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and social cognition. Importantly, these difficulties extend observed among individuals residing in socially vulnerable environments. In fact, the cognitive performance of children without a history of displacement is inferior.
{"title":"Cognitive skills and mental health among child victims of armed conflicts and conditions of socioeconomic vulnerability in Colombia","authors":"Alfredis González Hernández, Jasmin Bonilla Santos, Tatiana Padilla-García","doi":"10.1080/23311908.2023.2229568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2023.2229568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Internal armed conflicts dramatically affect vulnerable populations, especially children. Such traumatic events negative affect mentalhealth, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral well-being. The present study sought to identify cognitive, emotional, and social cognition states and characteristics of a child population who were victims of forced displacement that was caused by the armed conflict in Colombia. The sample consisted of 140 children, including childvictims of displacement (47 girls and 58 boys) and a comparison group(36 participants; 14 girls, 21 boys) who attended school and lived in relocation zones. Comparative and correlational analyses were performed to examine child outcomes between groups. The results indicated that the victim group had a higher risk, as reflected by scores on clinical and adaptive scales, compared to the comparison group. However, significant differences in performance were observed between the groups in terms of executive functioning tasks and theory of mind. The group of children exposed to displacement processes within the context of the Colombian armedconf lict exhibited better performance in these domains compared to a population without this background, who resided in socially vulnerable areas. These findings provide evidence that children who have experienced displacement because of armed conflict exhibit significant cognitive impairments in tasks related to cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and social cognition. Importantly, these difficulties extend observed among individuals residing in socially vulnerable environments. In fact, the cognitive performance of children without a history of displacement is inferior.","PeriodicalId":46323,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42283628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2230021
Tewodros Yosef, Dawit Getachew, Nigusie Shifera
Abstract Students’ use of psychoactive substances is a significant public health issue around the world. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and related problems of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students at Mizan-Tepi University in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 544 regular undergraduate students. The data were collected using a pre-tested self-administered structured questionnaire. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. The level of significance in the multivariable logistic regression analysis was declared at a p-value <0.05. Of the 544 respondents interviewed, the lifetime and current prevalence of psychoactive substance use among undergraduate students was 62.5% and 27.9% respectively. The factors associated with current psychoactive substance use were being male (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI [1.64–5.53]), being Muslim (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI [1.64–5.96]), from urban residence (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI [3.01–5.31]), having divorced/separated parents (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI [1.64–5.79]), having family substance use (AOR = 7.98, 95% CI [5.52–11.6]) and peer substance use (AOR = 4.33, 95% CI [2.68–7.26]). Of the 332 reported substance-related problems, 96 (28.9%) had oral/gastric problems followed by frequent loss of appetite (78, 23.5%). The current prevalence of psychoactive substance use was substantially higher than in other studies in Ethiopia. The study also found that sociodemographic, familial and peer factors were factors associated with psychoactive substance use. Therefore, higher education institutions should consider designing programs to control substance use among students to improve student health and academic performance.
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