International Finance最新文献

This paper aims to determine the ‘new normal’ for banking stability in terms of capital adequacy, reviewing the incidence of banking stress episodes by lagged solvency ratios, based on the experience at the European level after the global financial crisis. We provide rating ladders for both risk-weighted solvency ratios and a simple gearing (leverage) ratio for time horizons of up to 3 years using well-known credit risk scoring procedures. Our findings empirically confirm that the recent dual metric structure of the capital adequacy framework is conducive to enhancing the accuracy of banking stability assessment. Specifically, our empirical analysis suggests that both tier 1 capital ratio and leverage ratio generally remain statistically significant in multivariate combinations for crisis probability measurement purposes. Robustness checks with well-established macrofinancial indicators as control variables suggest that this tandem is hardly replaceable in multivariate early warning systems by combinations of macroimbalance and financial soundness indicators traditionally employed as leading factors of banking crises. Moreover, the pandemic period provides meaningful evidence that robust capital positions, in line with our estimate, have so far been ‘part of the solution’ for dealing with systemic events.

This paper investigates the macroeconomic fundamentals that international investors consider crucial when assessing a country's default risk. Using panel data for 41 countries over the period 2002–2019, we find that the macroeconomic determinants of a sovereign credit default swap (CDS) are heterogeneous across developed and developing economies after controlling for potential endogeneity. While international investors consider government budget balance and inflation as crucial elements in the evaluation of the CDS of developed economies, more stress is placed on economic growth and foreign reserves in the assessment of the creditworthiness of developing economies. Furthermore, we document that better institutional quality reduces the sovereign default risk in both developed and developing economies. However, global shocks appear to have a strong impact in developing economies. The results remain robust to various specifications.

This paper investigates house price dynamics at high frequency using city-level observations during the period 1994–2022 in Lithuania. We employ multiple time series-based econometric procedures to examine whether real house prices and house price-to-rent ratios exhibit explosive behaviour. According to these recursive right-tailed test results, we reject the null hypothesis of no-bubble and find evidence for long and multiple periods of explosive behaviour in the housing market in all major cities during the sample period. While the size of bubbles varies across cities, especially when we use the house price-to-rent ratio, there is clearly a similar boom-bust pattern in Lithuania. Large house price corrections can in turn have adverse effects on economic performance and financial stability, as experienced during the global financial crisis and other episodes in history.

After the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the global economy witnessed a trend of sluggish investment recovery and continuous deepening of financialization. Using data on nonfinancial firms from 108 countries over the period from 2000 to 2017, we examine the impact of financialization on firms' postcrisis investment recovery with a probit model. We find that firms' financialization inhibited postcrisis investment recovery, and this finding remains stable under a series of robustness checks. Further discussion shows the hindering impact of financialization on investment recovery is especially dominant among firms with severe financial constraints and firms from advanced economies. Higher financial market yield also exacerbates the restraint effect of financialization on investment recovery.

Weather has been shown to affect natural gas markets, but there is limited research on the strength and manner in which weather affects predictions of natural gas volatility. In this study, six weather indicators are used as exogenous variables, and seasonal-trend decomposition-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-Weather (STL-GARCH-W) and STL-GJR-GARCH-W models are constructed to explore the effect of weather on global natural gas market. The empirical findings indicate that temperature and precipitation have a notable positive effect on natural gas, while solar radiation has a prominent negative effect. Furthermore, the STL-GARCH-W model outperform the STL-GJR-GARCH-W model and the benchmark STL-GARCH model when temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation are considered. In addition, the January effect has been shown to significantly influence natural gas price volatility. Finally, most parameters in both models are of statistical significance, demonstrating that both models accurately forecast natural gas volatility and emphasizing the importance of weather indicators for modelling natural gas price volatility. Our study provides new insights for energy market investors and policy makers.

This paper assesses the possible development of government interest expenditures for Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Until 2021, governments could anticipate a substantial further reduction in interest expenditure. This outlook has changed drastically with the surge in inflation and government bond rates. Assuming that bond rates remain at the levels implied by yield curves from December 2022, interest expenditure rises substantially. We also examined scenarios with a further upward shift in yield curves by one or two percentage points. They indicate major medium-term risks for highly indebted member states with interest expenditure approaching or exceeding levels last observed on the eve of the euro area debt crisis. Governments should take action to achieve a decline in debt-to-GDP ratios towards safe levels. They need to make sure public debt remains sustainable at the higher interest rates that are required to achieve price stability in the euro area.

We use innovation premium (IP), proposed by Forbes, as a proxy for firm innovation to present evidence that firm value is positively associated with IP. The positive impact of the IP on firm value is amplified by overconfident CEOs, particularly in the high-tech and biotech industries with a high proportion of intellectual capital and intangible assets. In a series of tests, we confirm that the results hold after controlling for endogeneity. our findings are consistent with the notion that the beneficial effect of corporate innovations generated by overconfident CEOs exists primarily in industries where innovations are in critical demand.

Systematic risk, or beta, measures stock price variability in the overall stock market. A considerable body of literature focuses on estimating beta. To the best of our knowledge, there is, however, a lack of definitive research on the impact of income elasticity of demand on stock market beta. This study is the first to examine this relationship using 659 publicly traded firms from 47 industries in South Korea from 2001 to 2020. To estimate the value of the stock market beta, we employ an econometric model with a fixed effects-two stage least squares approach and use industry concentration as an instrumental variable to deal with the endogeneity problem in the estimation. The overall objective of this study is to investigate the influence of income elasticity of demand on stock market beta.