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Sense of belonging or feeling marginalized? Using PISA 2012 to assess the state of academically gifted students within the EU 归属感还是被边缘化的感觉?利用PISA 2012评估欧盟内学术天才学生的状况
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-04-23 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1319343
Brian P. Godor, A. Szymanski
Abstract There are two competing stereotypes of gifted students: harmony theory (gifted students are well adjusted and successful in life) and disharmony theory (giftedness forms a threat to a harmonious development). In this context, the PISA 2012 data were used to explore middle-school students’ experiences in terms of sense of belonging, student–teacher relations and attitudes toward school concerning learning activities/outcomes. Fifteen-year-old students from 13 European countries were selected for this data-set (normative = 79,550, gifted = 1956). Student’s scores on the four scales were tested for significant differences with students from that same country. Tests revealed no significant differences for 55% of the comparisons, 40% of comparisons had positive effect sizes for gifted students, and 4% had negative effect sizes. The evidence presented in this study supports the existence of harmony theory. More specifically, the vast majority of gifted students in this study reported equal or higher level of belonging. Contained within the findings in this study on students’ to the sense of belonging is a lack of evidence of gifted students reporting higher levels of loneliness. These findings strongly reflect the Terman’s assertion almost a century ago stating the lack of gifted children tending to be more socially maladjusted.
关于资优学生有两种相互竞争的刻板印象:和谐论(资优学生适应能力强,生活成功)和不和谐论(资优对和谐发展构成威胁)。在此背景下,本研究使用PISA 2012数据来探讨中学生在学习活动/成果方面的归属感、师生关系和对学校的态度。来自13个欧洲国家的15岁学生被选为这个数据集(标准= 79,550,天才= 1956)。学生在四个量表上的得分被测试与来自同一国家的学生有显著差异。测试显示,55%的比较没有显著差异,40%的比较对资优学生有积极影响,4%的比较有消极影响。本研究提供的证据支持和谐理论的存在。更具体地说,在这项研究中,绝大多数有天赋的学生报告了同等或更高水平的归属感。在这项关于学生归属感的研究发现中,缺乏证据表明资优学生报告的孤独感更高。这些发现有力地反映了特曼近一个世纪前的论断,即缺乏天赋的孩子往往更不适应社会。
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引用次数: 19
Sport experiences of Division I collegiate athletes and their perceptions of the importance of specialization 一级大学运动员的运动经历及其对专业化重要性的认识
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1292894
E. Martin, M. Ewing, E. Oregon
Abstract The purpose of the current study was to investigate Division I athletes’ prior sport participation and athletes’ perceptions regarding sport specialization. Athletes (N = 1041) completed self-report surveys and indicated that participation in their collegiate sport began around nine years of age (M = 9.10, SD = 3.83). Athletes played a large number of sports in elementary and middle school with participation decreasing during high school. For those athletes who specialized in one sport, specialization occurred typically at 12.5 years of age. In addition, athletes past sport background and perceptions of specialization differed depending on their college sport with some sports (i.e., gymnastics) starting participation and specializing earlier than others (i.e., football, cross country, and track and field). Interestingly, no differences existed in past sport experiences or perceptions of specialization dependent on scholarship status or expected playing status. This study supports prior research that early specialization is not a requirement for elite level performance.
摘要本研究的目的是调查一级运动员先前的体育参与情况和运动员对体育专业化的看法。运动员(N=1041)完成了自我报告调查,并表明他们在九岁左右开始参与大学体育运动(M=9.10,SD=3.83)。运动员在小学和中学参加了大量体育运动,高中期间参与率下降。对于那些专门从事一项运动的运动员来说,专业化通常发生在12.5岁。此外,运动员过去的运动背景和对专业化的看法因其大学体育项目而异,有些项目(如体操)比其他项目(如足球、越野和田径)更早开始参与和专业化。有趣的是,过去的运动经历或对专业化的看法并不存在差异,这取决于奖学金状态或预期的比赛状态。这项研究支持了先前的研究,即早期专业化不是精英水平表现的要求。
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引用次数: 19
Why I believe I achieve determines whether I achieve 我为什么相信我成功决定了我是否成功
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1302873
Del Siegle, D. McCoach, A. Roberts
Abstract The beliefs and values students hold toward themselves, given tasks, and achievement itself can influence what tasks students seek, and whether they are able to obtain them. On the basis of previous research on underachievement and motivation, we developed the Achievement Orientation Model (AOM) to explore the issue of student achievement. The model posits that individuals’ self-perceptions in three areas (self-efficacy, goal valuation, and environmental perceptions) interact to motivate students to self-regulate their behaviors and subsequently engage and achieve. Further, societal and cultural values influence students’ attitudes in the three areas of self-efficacy, goal valuation, and environmental perceptions, as well as their ability to self-regulate, through students’ interactions with their peers, parents, and teachers. In this paper, we discuss the components of the AOM, as well as the importance of talent development perspectives on shaping student attitudes that promote engagement and ultimately high levels of achievement.
学生对自己、给定任务和成就本身的信念和价值观会影响学生寻求什么任务,以及他们是否能够获得这些任务。在前人研究成绩不足与动机的基础上,我们建立了成绩取向模型(AOM)来探讨学生成绩问题。该模型假设个体在三个方面的自我感知(自我效能、目标评估和环境感知)相互作用,激励学生自我调节自己的行为,并随后参与和实现。此外,社会和文化价值观通过学生与同伴、父母和老师的互动,影响学生在自我效能感、目标评价和环境感知三个方面的态度,以及他们的自我调节能力。在本文中,我们讨论了AOM的组成部分,以及人才发展观点对塑造学生态度的重要性,这些态度促进了学生的参与,并最终取得了高水平的成就。
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引用次数: 38
Learning to see by learning to draw: Probing the perceptual bases and consequences of highly skilled artistic drawing 通过学习绘画来学习看:探索高度熟练的艺术绘画的感知基础和后果
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1298995
Aaron Kozbelt
Abstract In this paper, I review the empirical evidence for advantages in visual perception and attention that may be associated with high levels of drawing skill. Particularly in the last few decades, some substantial progress on these issues has been made, although frequently with inconsistent or even contradictory results across studies, some substantial methodological issues and limitations, and divergent theoretical perspectives. Despite the lively messiness of the current state of research on artists and perception, a core set of findings about the nature of artists’ expertise is emerging, rooted in superior object understanding and attentional flexibility. Moreover, key unresolved questions, like causal relations between drawing skill and perception and the longitudinal development of perceptual changes as drawing skill develops or is trained, are highly amenable to investigation and should continue to inform this set of issues.
在本文中,我回顾了视觉感知和注意力方面的优势的经验证据,这些优势可能与高水平的绘画技能有关。特别是在过去的几十年里,在这些问题上取得了一些实质性的进展,尽管在研究中经常出现不一致甚至矛盾的结果,一些实质性的方法问题和局限性,以及不同的理论观点。尽管目前关于艺术家和感知的研究非常混乱,但一系列关于艺术家专业知识本质的核心发现正在出现,这些发现植根于对物体的卓越理解和注意力的灵活性。此外,关键的未解决的问题,如绘画技能和感知之间的因果关系,以及随着绘画技能的发展或训练而产生的感知变化的纵向发展,都是非常值得调查的,并应继续为这一系列问题提供信息。
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引用次数: 2
The effects of a social and talent development intervention for high ability youth with social skill difficulties 社会与人才发展干预对高能力青少年社交技能困难的影响
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1298997
M. Foley‐Nicpon, S. Assouline, D. Kivlighan, Staci Fosenburg, C. Cederberg, M. Nanji
Abstract Contemporary models highlight the need to cultivate cognitive and psychosocial factors in developing domain-specific talent. This model was the basis for the current study where high ability youth with self-reported social difficulties (n = 28, 12 with a coexisting disability) participated in a social skills and talent development intervention over the course of a two-week summer enrichment program. Compared to high ability youth not in the social skills intervention (n = 9), participants reported positive changes in friendship qualities (help), indicating a treatment effect. Among all participants, positive changes were reported in friendship companionship and security, suggesting the talent development program alone had significant impact on psychosocial factors (friendship qualities). For those in the social skills group, higher scores on performance approach goal orientations were related to lower change scores in friendship closeness, suggesting if one is driven academically to outperform peers, this may negatively affect their ability to form close ties with peers.
摘要当代模式强调了在培养特定领域人才时培养认知和心理社会因素的必要性。该模型是当前研究的基础,在该研究中,有自我报告的社会困难的高能力青年(n=28,12名同时存在残疾)在为期两周的夏季强化计划中参与了社会技能和人才发展干预。与未参加社交技能干预的高能力青年(n=9)相比,参与者报告友谊品质(帮助)发生了积极变化,表明有治疗效果。据报道,在所有参与者中,友谊友谊和安全感发生了积极变化,这表明仅人才培养计划就对心理社会因素(友谊品质)产生了重大影响。对于社交技能组的人来说,表现接近目标定向的得分越高,友谊亲密度的变化得分越低,这表明如果一个人在学业上表现优于同龄人,这可能会对他们与同龄人建立密切联系的能力产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 10
What goes into high educational and occupational achievement? Education, brains, hard work, networks, and other factors 什么是高等教育和职业成就?教育,智力,努力工作,网络和其他因素
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1302874
Jonathan Wai, H. Rindermann
Abstract There are many factors that go into high educational and occupational achievement, including hard work, motivation, and luck. But how important is talent? Specifically, how likely were global innovators and leaders intellectually talented or gifted when younger? This paper reviews retrospective data on multiple US samples (Total N = 11,745), including Chief Executive Officers, federal judges, politicians, multi-millionaires and billionaires, business leaders, elite journalists, and the “most globally powerful men and women”, examining to what extent these groups were in the top 1% in general intellectual talent in youth, also examining their educational backgrounds. About 50% of these leaders were in the top 1% of our indicator of ability, so overrepresented by a factor of about 50. Elite education, and especially the impact of Harvard, was notable, suggesting that in addition to talent, elite education and networks were important. These data suggest that various occupations may draw from different levels of intellectual giftedness. Based on this data and a synthesis of prior literature, concrete policy recommendations for gifted education are provided. We recommend a policy focus on talented low income and disadvantaged students, who are greatly underrepresented among these leaders of US society.
影响高学历和职业成就的因素有很多,包括努力、动力和运气。但人才有多重要?具体来说,全球创新者和领导者年轻时在智力或天赋方面有多大可能?本文回顾了多个美国样本(总N=11745)的回顾性数据,包括首席执行官、联邦法官、政治家、千万富翁和亿万富翁、商业领袖、精英记者和“全球最有影响力的男性和女性”,考察了这些群体在多大程度上处于青年一般智力人才的前1%,同时考察他们的教育背景。在我们的能力指标中,这些领导者中约有50%处于前1%,因此比例过高约为50。精英教育,尤其是哈佛大学的影响是显著的,这表明除了人才,精英教育和网络也很重要。这些数据表明,不同的职业可能来自不同水平的智力天赋。基于这些数据和先前文献的综合,提供了关于天才教育的具体政策建议。我们建议政策重点关注有才华的低收入和弱势学生,他们在美国社会的这些领导者中代表性极低。
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引用次数: 16
Tentative guidelines for the development of an ability-based emotional intelligence intervention program for gifted students 为天才学生开发基于能力的情绪智力干预计划的初步指南
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1292895
M. Zeidner
Abstract This paper presents a number of general principles and guidelines for the development of an emotional intelligence training program designed to foster emotional abilities in gifted students. The presented guidelines underscore the need for EI theory-driven program planning geared to the needs of gifted students; integrating activities into routine school activities; providing provisions for practice and feedback; careful monitoring of program activities; systematic program impact evaluation; and assuring professional development of program personnel. EI training for the gifted is critically discussed.
摘要本文提出了一些开发情商培训计划的一般原则和指南,旨在培养天才学生的情感能力。所提出的指导方针强调了EI理论驱动的计划规划的必要性,以满足天才学生的需求;将活动纳入学校日常活动;为实践和反馈提供规定;认真监控项目活动;系统的项目影响评估;确保项目人员的专业发展。对天才的EI培训进行了批判性的讨论。
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引用次数: 14
Maximizing potential: A school-based conception of psychosocial development 潜能最大化:以学校为基础的社会心理发展概念
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1292896
Tracy L. Cross, J. Cross
Abstract Optimal talent development can only occur when high ability students are willing to take opportunities for growth in a domain and are able to persist when presented with challenges that accompany performance or production at the highest levels. This paper proposes the use of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development to provide a framework through which schools can pursue a parallel path of psychosocial supports to reinforce the development of talent in any domain. Ego strength can be fortified by an active program of professional development, curricula, and research based on Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory. In addition to the age-based components, ego strength can be promoted by activities that support the essential strengths of hope, will, purpose, skill, fidelity, and love.
只有当高能力的学生愿意抓住在一个领域成长的机会,并且能够在面对挑战时坚持不懈,才能实现最佳的人才发展。本文建议运用埃里克森的心理社会发展理论提供一个框架,通过该框架,学校可以追求社会心理支持的平行路径,以加强任何领域人才的发展。自我力量可以通过积极的专业发展计划、课程和基于埃里克森心理社会阶段理论的研究来加强。除了年龄因素外,自我力量还可以通过支持希望、意志、目标、技能、忠诚和爱等基本力量的活动来提升。
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引用次数: 6
Developing talents: A longitudinal examination of intellectual ability and academic achievement 发展人才:对智力和学术成就的纵向考察
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1298996
D. McCoach, Huihui Yu, A. Gottfried, A. E. Gottfried
Abstract The Fullerton Longitudinal Study offers a unique opportunity to model the stability of intelligence and achievement and their relations from elementary through secondary school. Using latent variable modeling, we fit a cross-lagged panel model to examine the relations between intelligence and achievement in two academic domains: mathematics and reading. Findings revealed that students’ achievement is highly stable across the school years. Childhood intelligence is a strong predictor of initial mathematics and reading achievement. After age 7-years, intelligence is not predictive of either mathematics or reading achievement after accounting for prior achievement. Students who enter school with strong academic skills tend to maintain their academic advantage throughout their elementary and secondary education. We discuss the implications of these results for talent development.
富勒顿纵向研究提供了一个独特的机会来模拟智力和成就的稳定性及其从小学到中学的关系。利用潜变量模型,我们拟合了一个交叉滞后面板模型来检验智力与数学和阅读两个学术领域的成就之间的关系。研究结果显示,学生的成绩在整个学年都非常稳定。童年智力是数学和阅读成绩的重要预测指标。7岁以后,考虑到先前的成绩,智力不能预测数学或阅读成绩。具有较强学术技能进入学校的学生往往在他们的小学和中学教育中保持他们的学术优势。我们将讨论这些结果对人才发展的影响。
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引用次数: 15
Theoretical approaches, societal issues, and practical implications for school-based and extracurricular talent development: Outcomes of the Inaugural European–North American Summit on Talent Development (Part II) 学校和课外人才培养的理论方法、社会问题和实践意义:首届欧洲-北美人才发展峰会的成果(第二部分)
IF 1.8 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13598139.2017.1306213
H. Stoeger, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, R. Subotnik, S. Assouline, D. McCoach, A. Ziegler
Gifted Child Quarterly and High Ability Studies collaborated on this pair of special issues resulting from the Inaugural European–North American Summit on Talent Development. The summit, held in Washington, DC, in April 2016, had two main goals. The summit aimed, first, to increase researchers’ awareness of work on talent development being carried out in different countries by bringing together scholars working in Europe and the United States. The summit’s second aim was to initiate a new format for small, collaborative conferences at which participants present ideas they are working on – in medias res, so to speak – to all the other participants in order to receive feedback before they have completed their research. The event was made possible through the generous financial support of the American Psychological Association, the Belin-Blank Center at the University of Iowa, the Center for Talent Development of Northwestern University, and the Academic Talent-Development Program at the University of California, Berkeley. The two-day event consisted of clusters of presentations on eight topics. In each cluster, three researchers (two from American institutions and one from a European institution) presented their work and discussed future directions and possible implementations. Thanks to editors Betsy McCoach, Del Siegle, and Albert Ziegler, all participants were invited to submit manuscripts for publication based on their presentation. The resulting articles on work presented in the first four talent-development clusters (theoretical perspectives, societal participation, the context of school, and outside of school) make up the special issue of Gifted Child Quarterly. Manuscripts arising from presentations in the final four talent-development clusters (outcomes, psychosocial factors, adaptive and maladaptive learning, high achievement and performance) comprise the special issue of High Ability Studies.
《天才儿童季刊》和《高能力研究》在首届欧洲-北美人才发展峰会上合作出版了这两期特刊。2016年4月在华盛顿特区举行的峰会有两个主要目标。此次峰会的目的首先是通过召集在欧洲和美国工作的学者,提高研究人员对不同国家正在进行的人才开发工作的认识。峰会的第二个目标是为小型合作会议开创一种新的形式,参与者在会议上向所有其他参与者展示他们正在研究的想法——可以说是媒体——以便在他们完成研究之前获得反馈。此次活动得到了美国心理协会、爱荷华大学贝林·布兰克中心、西北大学人才发展中心和加州大学伯克利分校学术人才发展计划的慷慨资助。为期两天的活动包括关于八个主题的专题介绍。在每个集群中,三名研究人员(两名来自美国机构,一名来自欧洲机构)介绍了他们的工作,并讨论了未来的方向和可能的实施方式。感谢编辑Betsy McCoach、Del Siegle和Albert Ziegler,所有参与者都被邀请根据他们的演讲提交手稿出版。由此产生的关于前四个人才发展集群(理论视角、社会参与、学校背景和校外)工作的文章构成了《天才儿童季刊》的特刊。最后四个人才发展集群(结果、心理社会因素、适应性和不适应性学习、高成就和表现)中的演讲稿构成了《高能力研究》的特刊。
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引用次数: 2
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High Ability Studies
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