Elham Khadem Hamzeii, Zahra Mortazavi, Roya Najafivosough, H. Haghgoo, S. Mortazavi
Objective Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders caused by a specific event, which can be catastrophic events (natural disasters, war, imprisonment in a forced labor camp) or everyday adversities (death of relatives, divorce, carrying bags). Since patients who have recovered from COVID-19 are exposed to such events, this research was conducted to determine the prevalence of PTSD in this group. Materials & Methods This study was cross-sectional. The statistical population included all patients who recovered from COVID-19 between November 2021 and February 2022 in Hamedan City, Iran; based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table, 185 patients were selected by simple random sampling method. The research tool was the demographic questionnaire and the Mississippi post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire (Mississippi PTSD); the data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The results showed that the Mean±SD score of PTSD was 80.37±17.37 in the subjects who recovered from COVID-19. The relationship between the demographic variables of gender (P=0.01), education (P=0.039), occupation (P=0.24), marriage (P=0.62), age (P=0.048), weight (P=0.047), height (P=0.023) with PTSD were reported. Conclusion The results showed that 76.2% of people who recovered from COVID-19 were exposed to PTSD with moderate and high severity; therefore, techniques to reduce anxiety from the coronavirus are recommended.
{"title":"The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in COVID-19 Recovered Patients: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Elham Khadem Hamzeii, Zahra Mortazavi, Roya Najafivosough, H. Haghgoo, S. Mortazavi","doi":"10.32598/rj.24.1.3011.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/rj.24.1.3011.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders caused by a specific event, which can be catastrophic events (natural disasters, war, imprisonment in a forced labor camp) or everyday adversities (death of relatives, divorce, carrying bags). Since patients who have recovered from COVID-19 are exposed to such events, this research was conducted to determine the prevalence of PTSD in this group. Materials & Methods This study was cross-sectional. The statistical population included all patients who recovered from COVID-19 between November 2021 and February 2022 in Hamedan City, Iran; based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table, 185 patients were selected by simple random sampling method. The research tool was the demographic questionnaire and the Mississippi post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire (Mississippi PTSD); the data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The results showed that the Mean±SD score of PTSD was 80.37±17.37 in the subjects who recovered from COVID-19. The relationship between the demographic variables of gender (P=0.01), education (P=0.039), occupation (P=0.24), marriage (P=0.62), age (P=0.048), weight (P=0.047), height (P=0.023) with PTSD were reported. Conclusion The results showed that 76.2% of people who recovered from COVID-19 were exposed to PTSD with moderate and high severity; therefore, techniques to reduce anxiety from the coronavirus are recommended.","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84638743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid Khakbaz, M. Khanjani, S. Younesi, Mohammad Reza Khodaie Ardakani, Mohammad Hadi Safi, S. Hosseinzadeh
Objective Schizophrenia is the most debilitating psychiatric disorder with the highest psychiatric ward admission rate. Drug therapy is the first line of treatment. However, it does not result in appropriate therapeutic responses in many patients, and they experience emotional regulation difficulties and psychosis symptoms after initial symptom resolution. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently an adjuvant treatment besides drug therapy to target the persistent symptoms of psychosis. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of CBT on the positive and negative symptoms and emotional regulation of those suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Materials & Methods The research design was single-subject and of the AB type (baseline and intervention) with a follow-up phase. Besides the routine therapy sessions, CBT sessions were held for the study participants. They were patients admitted to Razi Educational and Therapeutic and Research Psychiatric Center in Tehran City, Iran, who were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Thirty patients were selected with convenience sampling, and 5 were randomly placed in the CBT group. They were evaluated with the scales of positive and negative symptoms of Kay, Fiszbein, and Opler (1986) and difficulties in emotional regulation by Gratz and Roemer (2004) in the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. The treatment sessions were planned based on the CBT protocol developed by Laura Smith, Paula Nathan, Uta juniper, Patrick Kingsep, and Louella Lim (2003). Non-overlap of all pairs (NAP), percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), percentage of all non-overlapping data (PAND), percentage of data points exceeding the median (PEM), Cohen’s d effect size, and improvement percentages were used to analyze the data, and visual graphs were used for data presentation. Results The outcomes showed that in the intervention phase, compared to the baseline phase, the effect sizes of the positive and negative symptoms in the first to fifth participants were 1.6, 3.1, 3.2, 1.9, and 2.4, respectively. Only the effect sizes of the second and third participants were large. The effect sizes of the emotional regulation factor in the first to fifth participants were 2.8, 1.2, 1.1, 2.2, and 1.9, respectively. The effect size of the second participant was large, and the rest were average. The findings of this study showed that during the post-therapy and follow-up stages, while patients who had received CBT still experienced positive and negative symptoms of psychosis and difficulties in emotional regulation; these symptoms decreased in comparison with the baseline phase. Furthermore, their improvement percentages were not significant. Conclusion Data analysis showed that although CBT is effective in reducing positive and negative psychotic symptoms and improving the emotional regulation of patients, the data obtained from Cohen’s d effect size and recovery indices showed that the results are not clin
目的精神分裂症是精神科住院率最高、致残性最强的精神障碍。药物治疗是治疗的第一线。然而，在许多患者中，它并没有导致适当的治疗反应，他们在最初的症状缓解后经历情绪调节困难和精神病症状。认知行为疗法(CBT)是目前除药物治疗外针对精神病持续症状的辅助治疗方法。本研究旨在探讨认知行为疗法对精神分裂症谱系障碍患者阳性、阴性症状及情绪调节的影响。材料与方法本研究设计为单受试者AB型(基线和干预)，并设有随访期。除了常规的治疗课程外，研究参与者还参加了CBT课程。他们是伊朗德黑兰市Razi精神病学教育和治疗研究中心的住院患者，他们是根据纳入标准选择的。采用方便抽样法选取30例患者，其中5例随机分为CBT组。采用Kay, Fiszbein, and Opler(1986)的阳性和阴性症状量表以及Gratz和Roemer(2004)的情绪调节困难量表在基线、干预和随访阶段进行评估。治疗课程是根据由Laura Smith, Paula Nathan, Uta juniper, Patrick Kingsep和Louella Lim(2003)开发的CBT协议计划的。采用全对不重叠(NAP)、非重叠数据百分比(PND)、所有非重叠数据百分比(PAND)、超过中位数的数据点百分比(PEM)、科恩效应大小和改善百分比对数据进行分析，并采用可视化图表进行数据展示。结果结果显示，在干预阶段，与基线阶段相比，第一至第五名参与者阳性和阴性症状的效应量分别为1.6、3.1、3.2、1.9和2.4。只有第二和第三个参与者的效应量很大。第一至第五名参与者情绪调节因子的效应量分别为2.8、1.2、1.1、2.2和1.9。第二名参与者的效应量很大，其余参与者的效应量一般。本研究发现，在治疗后和随访阶段，接受CBT治疗的患者仍然出现正、阴性精神病症状和情绪调节困难;与基线期相比，这些症状有所减少。此外，他们的改善百分比不显著。结论数据分析显示，虽然CBT在减轻阳性和阴性精神病症状、改善患者情绪调节方面均有效果，但从Cohen’s d效应大小和恢复指标数据来看，结果不具有临床意义。换句话说，虽然接受CBT的患者在精神病症状和情绪调节困难方面有轻微改善，但在随访期无法保持治疗效果。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy on the Positive and Negative Psychotic Symptoms and Emotion Regulation of Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Hamid Khakbaz, M. Khanjani, S. Younesi, Mohammad Reza Khodaie Ardakani, Mohammad Hadi Safi, S. Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.32598/rj.24.1.1450.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/rj.24.1.1450.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Schizophrenia is the most debilitating psychiatric disorder with the highest psychiatric ward admission rate. Drug therapy is the first line of treatment. However, it does not result in appropriate therapeutic responses in many patients, and they experience emotional regulation difficulties and psychosis symptoms after initial symptom resolution. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently an adjuvant treatment besides drug therapy to target the persistent symptoms of psychosis. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of CBT on the positive and negative symptoms and emotional regulation of those suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Materials & Methods The research design was single-subject and of the AB type (baseline and intervention) with a follow-up phase. Besides the routine therapy sessions, CBT sessions were held for the study participants. They were patients admitted to Razi Educational and Therapeutic and Research Psychiatric Center in Tehran City, Iran, who were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Thirty patients were selected with convenience sampling, and 5 were randomly placed in the CBT group. They were evaluated with the scales of positive and negative symptoms of Kay, Fiszbein, and Opler (1986) and difficulties in emotional regulation by Gratz and Roemer (2004) in the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. The treatment sessions were planned based on the CBT protocol developed by Laura Smith, Paula Nathan, Uta juniper, Patrick Kingsep, and Louella Lim (2003). Non-overlap of all pairs (NAP), percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), percentage of all non-overlapping data (PAND), percentage of data points exceeding the median (PEM), Cohen’s d effect size, and improvement percentages were used to analyze the data, and visual graphs were used for data presentation. Results The outcomes showed that in the intervention phase, compared to the baseline phase, the effect sizes of the positive and negative symptoms in the first to fifth participants were 1.6, 3.1, 3.2, 1.9, and 2.4, respectively. Only the effect sizes of the second and third participants were large. The effect sizes of the emotional regulation factor in the first to fifth participants were 2.8, 1.2, 1.1, 2.2, and 1.9, respectively. The effect size of the second participant was large, and the rest were average. The findings of this study showed that during the post-therapy and follow-up stages, while patients who had received CBT still experienced positive and negative symptoms of psychosis and difficulties in emotional regulation; these symptoms decreased in comparison with the baseline phase. Furthermore, their improvement percentages were not significant. Conclusion Data analysis showed that although CBT is effective in reducing positive and negative psychotic symptoms and improving the emotional regulation of patients, the data obtained from Cohen’s d effect size and recovery indices showed that the results are not clin","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Families with mentally-retarded children need more support than other families in overcoming crises and achieving social adjustment. So, it seems necessary to pay special attention to these families durinzg the COVID-19 pandemic and identify their experiences and challenges to provide more support for this vulnerable group. Therefore, the present study was carried out in care centers under the supervision of the Tehran state welfare organization of Iran (SWO) during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify the challenges of families with mentally retarded children. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and contractual content analysis method of Granheim and Lundman (2004). The participants were 18 families with mentally-retarded children living in care centers under the supervision of the Tehran State welfare organization of Iran (SWO), who were selected by purposive sampling. Sampling was continued until data saturation. Data were collected and analyzed using in-person or online (telephone) in-depth semi-structured interviews from July 11 to September 22, 2021. To evaluate the data strength, four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of Guba and Lincoln were used. Results: Based on data analysis, 6 main categories and 23 subcategories were obtained. The main categories and subcategories included 1) constant worry about their children getting COVID-19 (inability of the child to protect against coronavirus, not observing protocols by the staff, underlying diseases and deficiency in immune system, few preventive measure for under 18 years people, conflicting information about children and adolescents' infection), 2) disconnection and intensification of stress (agitation and irritability of the disabled, worry about the future, parent's mental confusion, fear of losing child), 3) conflict with family tensions and contradiction (intensification of family guilt, overlooking other children, couple's self-blaming, tension in family interactions, intensification of family melancholia), 4) non-supportive community (further social stigma, social exclusion, lack of supporting vulnerable groups, the limitations of social distancing), 5) family economic crisis (costs of keeping child in the center, losing job and lower income of the family head, poverty and intensification of unstable economic conditions), and 6) care and educational concerns (decreasing the quality of care for the disabled, suspension of rehabilitation and educational activities, restrictions on leisure activities and communication for the disabled). Conclusion: The results showed that the families of mentally-retarded children had encountered many challenges and concerns during the COVID-19 epidemic, some of which were related to the intensification of psychological pressures and some due to insufficient support from governmental and non-governmental institutions for these families. The study findings can b
{"title":"Exploring the Challenges of Families With Mentally Retarded Children in Care Centers Under the Supervision of the Welfare Organization of Tehran in the COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Maryam Bonyani, Leila Ostadhashemi, Maliheh Alipour Gravandi, Fardin Alipour Gravandi","doi":"10.32598/rj.23.4.3496.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/rj.23.4.3496.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Families with mentally-retarded children need more support than other families in overcoming crises and achieving social adjustment. So, it seems necessary to pay special attention to these families durinzg the COVID-19 pandemic and identify their experiences and challenges to provide more support for this vulnerable group. Therefore, the present study was carried out in care centers under the supervision of the Tehran state welfare organization of Iran (SWO) during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify the challenges of families with mentally retarded children. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and contractual content analysis method of Granheim and Lundman (2004). The participants were 18 families with mentally-retarded children living in care centers under the supervision of the Tehran State welfare organization of Iran (SWO), who were selected by purposive sampling. Sampling was continued until data saturation. Data were collected and analyzed using in-person or online (telephone) in-depth semi-structured interviews from July 11 to September 22, 2021. To evaluate the data strength, four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of Guba and Lincoln were used. Results: Based on data analysis, 6 main categories and 23 subcategories were obtained. The main categories and subcategories included 1) constant worry about their children getting COVID-19 (inability of the child to protect against coronavirus, not observing protocols by the staff, underlying diseases and deficiency in immune system, few preventive measure for under 18 years people, conflicting information about children and adolescents' infection), 2) disconnection and intensification of stress (agitation and irritability of the disabled, worry about the future, parent's mental confusion, fear of losing child), 3) conflict with family tensions and contradiction (intensification of family guilt, overlooking other children, couple's self-blaming, tension in family interactions, intensification of family melancholia), 4) non-supportive community (further social stigma, social exclusion, lack of supporting vulnerable groups, the limitations of social distancing), 5) family economic crisis (costs of keeping child in the center, losing job and lower income of the family head, poverty and intensification of unstable economic conditions), and 6) care and educational concerns (decreasing the quality of care for the disabled, suspension of rehabilitation and educational activities, restrictions on leisure activities and communication for the disabled). Conclusion: The results showed that the families of mentally-retarded children had encountered many challenges and concerns during the COVID-19 epidemic, some of which were related to the intensification of psychological pressures and some due to insufficient support from governmental and non-governmental institutions for these families. The study findings can b","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81368784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben R Koissaba, Courtney Ward-Sutton, Corey L Moore, Allen N Lewis, Sharesa H McCray, Renee Starr, Edward O Manyibe
This investigation examined vocational rehabilitation, substance abuse, and mental health service providers' perceptions about barriers and potentially translational solutions to poor community living outcomes for people of color with disabilities (i.e., African Americans, Latinx, Native Americans and Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, and Pacific islanders) who have opioid use disorder. We conducted one focus group discussion (N = 12) that identified the proliferation of opioids in the community, treatment access, employment, and transportation as community living outcome barriers. The findings point to the need for further research that address poor outcomes among target group members.
{"title":"Barriers and Translational Solutions to Improving Community Living Outcomes among People of Color with Disabilities with Opioid Use Disorder: A Focus Group Perspective.","authors":"Ben R Koissaba, Courtney Ward-Sutton, Corey L Moore, Allen N Lewis, Sharesa H McCray, Renee Starr, Edward O Manyibe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This investigation examined vocational rehabilitation, substance abuse, and mental health service providers' perceptions about barriers and potentially translational solutions to poor community living outcomes for people of color with disabilities (i.e., African Americans, Latinx, Native Americans and Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, and Pacific islanders) who have opioid use disorder. We conducted one focus group discussion (N = 12) that identified the proliferation of opioids in the community, treatment access, employment, and transportation as community living outcome barriers. The findings point to the need for further research that address poor outcomes among target group members.</p>","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"88 1","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahid Razzaghi, Leila Ostadhashemi, M. Arshi, Mohammad Sabzi Khoshnami
Objective People's lives change after unfortunate events such as spinal cord injury, and the people with this injury, as a citizen, face various obstacles and challenges to participate in society. This study explores the barriers and facilitators of social integration of patients with spinal cord injuries in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital. Materials & Methods This research was conducted using Granheim and Lundman's (2004) conventional content analysis. The participants comprised 13 people with spinal cord injury, 4 family caregivers of patients, and 5 rehabilitation service providers in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital, which were selected by purposive sampling. Sampling was continued until data saturation. Data were collected and analyzed using semi-structured in-depth interviews. To evaluate the stability of the data, four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability proposed by Guba and Lincoln were used. Results Facilitators of social integration of people with spinal cord injury were identified in the 3 main categories and 8 subcategories. The main categories were "social support," "social participation," and "individual beliefs." The barriers to social integration were extracted from participants' experiences and consist of 3 main categories of "environmental and structural barriers," "physical and motor barriers," and "contextual factors" and 6 related subcategories. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, patients with spinal cord injuries face various barriers in order to re-integrate into the community. On the other hand, helpful factors at different levels of individual, family, and social facilitate their social integration process. Recognizing these factors, derived from the deep and rich experiences of people with spinal cord injury, family caregivers, and rehabilitation service providers, can be useful to patients, families, professionals, and policymakers. They can use these experiences to program, design, and implement related interventions to reduce barriers and strengthen facilitators to the social integration of the target group.
{"title":"Exploring the Facilitators and Barriers of Social Integration of Patients With Spinal Cord Injuries in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Vahid Razzaghi, Leila Ostadhashemi, M. Arshi, Mohammad Sabzi Khoshnami","doi":"10.32598/rj.23.4.3398.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/rj.23.4.3398.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective People's lives change after unfortunate events such as spinal cord injury, and the people with this injury, as a citizen, face various obstacles and challenges to participate in society. This study explores the barriers and facilitators of social integration of patients with spinal cord injuries in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital. Materials & Methods This research was conducted using Granheim and Lundman's (2004) conventional content analysis. The participants comprised 13 people with spinal cord injury, 4 family caregivers of patients, and 5 rehabilitation service providers in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital, which were selected by purposive sampling. Sampling was continued until data saturation. Data were collected and analyzed using semi-structured in-depth interviews. To evaluate the stability of the data, four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability proposed by Guba and Lincoln were used. Results Facilitators of social integration of people with spinal cord injury were identified in the 3 main categories and 8 subcategories. The main categories were \"social support,\" \"social participation,\" and \"individual beliefs.\" The barriers to social integration were extracted from participants' experiences and consist of 3 main categories of \"environmental and structural barriers,\" \"physical and motor barriers,\" and \"contextual factors\" and 6 related subcategories. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, patients with spinal cord injuries face various barriers in order to re-integrate into the community. On the other hand, helpful factors at different levels of individual, family, and social facilitate their social integration process. Recognizing these factors, derived from the deep and rich experiences of people with spinal cord injury, family caregivers, and rehabilitation service providers, can be useful to patients, families, professionals, and policymakers. They can use these experiences to program, design, and implement related interventions to reduce barriers and strengthen facilitators to the social integration of the target group.","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79476157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azade Riyahi, Z. Nobakht, F. Soleimani, Nahid Rahmani, F. Sajedi
Objective: Cerebral palsy refers to a group of postural and movement disorders that limit movements and can be related to a non-progressive disorder in the developing brain. The international classification of disability emphasizes the child's functional abilities and routine performance. Some classification tools have been developed to describe and evaluate child's functions in daily activities such as walking, manipulating objects, and everyday communication. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between classification systems (gross motor function, manual ability, communication function, and eating and drinking ability) in children with cerebral palsy. Materials & Methods: This study was performed by cross-sectional correlation method and of descriptive analytical type. Children with cerebral palsy aged 12-144 months were recruited by convenience sampling from patients referred to clinics and public and private rehabilitation centers in Tehran and Arak cities, Iran, in 2019-2020. After completing the demographic information questionnaire by the child's primary caregiver, the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), manual ability classification system (MACS), Communication function classification system (CFCS), and eating and drinking ability classification system (EDACS) were completed by a child therapist. Results: In the present study, 154 children with a Mean±SD age of 49.45±32.22 months participated. also, 87 children (56.5%) were boys, and 67(43.5%) were girls. According to GMFCS, the highest percentage distributions at levels II and IV were 31.2% and 26%, respectively. In other words, more than 57% of children were distributed in these two levels. According to MACS, the distributions of the highest percentages at levels II, III, and IV were 28.6%, 22.1%, and 20.8%, respectively. In other words, more than 70% of the children were distributed in these three levels. According to EDACS, the distribution of almost all levels was equal except the V level, with 4.3% having the lowest percentage. According to CFCS, the distribution of the highest percentage at levels V and IV was 23.5%. In examining the relationship between functional systems, significant relationships were observed in all cases: MACS and GMFCS, r=0.672; CFCS and GMFCS, r=0.581; EADCS and GMFCS, r=0.593; CFCS and MACS, r=0.555; EADCS and MACS, r=664; EADCS and CFCS, r=0. 547 (P<0.01). Conclusion: It seems that children with more motor function limitations show more limitations in other performance classification systems, too. Of course, the number of studies in this field is limited and needs further investigation.
{"title":"Relationship Between Functional Classification Systems in Children With Cerebral Palsy","authors":"Azade Riyahi, Z. Nobakht, F. Soleimani, Nahid Rahmani, F. Sajedi","doi":"10.32598/rj.23.4.3413.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/rj.23.4.3413.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Cerebral palsy refers to a group of postural and movement disorders that limit movements and can be related to a non-progressive disorder in the developing brain. The international classification of disability emphasizes the child's functional abilities and routine performance. Some classification tools have been developed to describe and evaluate child's functions in daily activities such as walking, manipulating objects, and everyday communication. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between classification systems (gross motor function, manual ability, communication function, and eating and drinking ability) in children with cerebral palsy. Materials & Methods: This study was performed by cross-sectional correlation method and of descriptive analytical type. Children with cerebral palsy aged 12-144 months were recruited by convenience sampling from patients referred to clinics and public and private rehabilitation centers in Tehran and Arak cities, Iran, in 2019-2020. After completing the demographic information questionnaire by the child's primary caregiver, the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), manual ability classification system (MACS), Communication function classification system (CFCS), and eating and drinking ability classification system (EDACS) were completed by a child therapist. Results: In the present study, 154 children with a Mean±SD age of 49.45±32.22 months participated. also, 87 children (56.5%) were boys, and 67(43.5%) were girls. According to GMFCS, the highest percentage distributions at levels II and IV were 31.2% and 26%, respectively. In other words, more than 57% of children were distributed in these two levels. According to MACS, the distributions of the highest percentages at levels II, III, and IV were 28.6%, 22.1%, and 20.8%, respectively. In other words, more than 70% of the children were distributed in these three levels. According to EDACS, the distribution of almost all levels was equal except the V level, with 4.3% having the lowest percentage. According to CFCS, the distribution of the highest percentage at levels V and IV was 23.5%. In examining the relationship between functional systems, significant relationships were observed in all cases: MACS and GMFCS, r=0.672; CFCS and GMFCS, r=0.581; EADCS and GMFCS, r=0.593; CFCS and MACS, r=0.555; EADCS and MACS, r=664; EADCS and CFCS, r=0. 547 (P<0.01). Conclusion: It seems that children with more motor function limitations show more limitations in other performance classification systems, too. Of course, the number of studies in this field is limited and needs further investigation.","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"51 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86397037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Out-of-school youth with disabilities (youth) from minority backgrounds face significant barriers in transitioning to adulthood. Centers for Independent Living (CILs) can offer critical services to this population. This study explored ways that CILs can improve their outreach and programs for youth who come from minority backgrounds. In June 2022, the research team conducted three virtual focus groups, each of which included seven to ten participants who lived in Illinois, New York City, or South Carolina. Two researchers conducted content analysis using inductive coding for each focus group transcript to identify emerging themes. Participants' responses reflected specific themes for CILs to improve their outreach, engagement, and program offerings. Expanding and exploring these themes provides actionable policy and practice recommendations for staff from CILs and other organizations to improve outreach to and engagement of minority youth and support their employment, community participation, and independent living goals.
{"title":"\"Trying Something New Comes with so Much Anxiety\": Outreach, Engagement, and Program Recommendations from Transition-Age, Out-Of-School Youth with Disabilities from Minority Backgrounds.","authors":"Kimberly Aguillard, Mira Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Out-of-school youth with disabilities (youth) from minority backgrounds face significant barriers in transitioning to adulthood. Centers for Independent Living (CILs) can offer critical services to this population. This study explored ways that CILs can improve their outreach and programs for youth who come from minority backgrounds. In June 2022, the research team conducted three virtual focus groups, each of which included seven to ten participants who lived in Illinois, New York City, or South Carolina. Two researchers conducted content analysis using inductive coding for each focus group transcript to identify emerging themes. Participants' responses reflected specific themes for CILs to improve their outreach, engagement, and program offerings. Expanding and exploring these themes provides actionable policy and practice recommendations for staff from CILs and other organizations to improve outreach to and engagement of minority youth and support their employment, community participation, and independent living goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"89 3","pages":"6-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Malekian, Y. Kazemi, A. Ahmadi, Talieh Zarifian
Objective: Procedural memory is a key component of long-term memory that can be assessed in different modalities, such as verbal and motor. Learning through procedural memory occurs in three stages: initial learning, consolidation, and retention. Several tasks evaluate procedural memory, but none have concurrently studied procedural learning in various modalities and learning stages. Besides, according to the declarative-procedural model, there may be an association between the performance of individuals in procedural learning and their state of the grammar of a language. Therefore, this study aimed to design a Serial Search Task (SST) for the simultaneous evaluation of procedural memory in motor and verbal modalities during three stages of learning and determine its reliability. Moreover, the relationship between procedural memory and grammar skills was examined. Materials & Methods: This study is methodological research in the first stage and descriptive analytics in the second stage. First, based on the literature review and the opinions of three speech-language pathologists, some words with appropriate psycholinguistic features were chosen from the Persian picture naming set. Then, corresponding pictures were determined. The task was designed using Java programming language. The face validity of the task was evaluated, then after revisions, the reliability was determined. Face validity was assessed in 10 normal children, and the test-retest reliability was evaluated in 15 normal children aged 7-9 years; all of them were chosen using the convenience sampling method. In the second stage, to assess the relationship between grammatical skills and the SST, 20 normal children aged 7-9 years were selected by a mixed sampling method. Every child had exposed to a verbal modality in three stages: initial learning, consolidation (24 hours later), and retention (one week later). Then the same stages were performed in the motor modality. Each child's language skills were determined using the test of language development-primary (TOLD-P3), and the relationship between the two skills was determined. Statistical methods included the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The correlation values between two performances in the initial learning stage for the reaction time variable in verbal (r=0.84, P<0.001) and motor (r=0.80, P˂0.001) modalities and the variable of response accuracy in verbal (r=0.81, P=0.011) and motor (r=0.77, P=0.026) modalities were obtained. In the consolidation and retention stages, the correlation values for the reaction time variable in verbal (r=0.737, P=0.002) and motor (r=0.743, P=0.001) modalities and the variable of response accuracy in verbal (r=0.624, P=0.013) and motor (r=0.916, P<0.001) modalities were obtained. The relationship between grammar and procedural learning in the verbal modality was significant in the consolidation stage (P=0.045, CI:0.016-0.797, r=0.491).
{"title":"Developing a Serial Search Task to Evaluate Procedural Memory and Investigating the Relationship Between Procedural Memory and Grammar in Farsi-speaking Children: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Maryam Malekian, Y. Kazemi, A. Ahmadi, Talieh Zarifian","doi":"10.32598/rj.23.4.3445.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/rj.23.4.3445.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Procedural memory is a key component of long-term memory that can be assessed in different modalities, such as verbal and motor. Learning through procedural memory occurs in three stages: initial learning, consolidation, and retention. Several tasks evaluate procedural memory, but none have concurrently studied procedural learning in various modalities and learning stages. Besides, according to the declarative-procedural model, there may be an association between the performance of individuals in procedural learning and their state of the grammar of a language. Therefore, this study aimed to design a Serial Search Task (SST) for the simultaneous evaluation of procedural memory in motor and verbal modalities during three stages of learning and determine its reliability. Moreover, the relationship between procedural memory and grammar skills was examined. Materials & Methods: This study is methodological research in the first stage and descriptive analytics in the second stage. First, based on the literature review and the opinions of three speech-language pathologists, some words with appropriate psycholinguistic features were chosen from the Persian picture naming set. Then, corresponding pictures were determined. The task was designed using Java programming language. The face validity of the task was evaluated, then after revisions, the reliability was determined. Face validity was assessed in 10 normal children, and the test-retest reliability was evaluated in 15 normal children aged 7-9 years; all of them were chosen using the convenience sampling method. In the second stage, to assess the relationship between grammatical skills and the SST, 20 normal children aged 7-9 years were selected by a mixed sampling method. Every child had exposed to a verbal modality in three stages: initial learning, consolidation (24 hours later), and retention (one week later). Then the same stages were performed in the motor modality. Each child's language skills were determined using the test of language development-primary (TOLD-P3), and the relationship between the two skills was determined. Statistical methods included the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The correlation values between two performances in the initial learning stage for the reaction time variable in verbal (r=0.84, P<0.001) and motor (r=0.80, P˂0.001) modalities and the variable of response accuracy in verbal (r=0.81, P=0.011) and motor (r=0.77, P=0.026) modalities were obtained. In the consolidation and retention stages, the correlation values for the reaction time variable in verbal (r=0.737, P=0.002) and motor (r=0.743, P=0.001) modalities and the variable of response accuracy in verbal (r=0.624, P=0.013) and motor (r=0.916, P<0.001) modalities were obtained. The relationship between grammar and procedural learning in the verbal modality was significant in the consolidation stage (P=0.045, CI:0.016-0.797, r=0.491).","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84922473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanieh Mohammadzadeh, A. Zarezadeh, M. Mardani, E. Sadeghi-Demneh
Objective: The prevention of thumb joints flexion help cure de Quervain tenosynovitis. The thumb, therefore, is being immobilized in the abduction position by splinting. Thumb abduction can be away from the palm (palmar abduction) or from the fingers (radial abduction), which are done in two different planes. To the authors' knowledge, the literature has not specified which kind of thumb abduction has better treatment outcomes and functions. This study aimed to compare the immediate efficacy of palmar abduction and radial abduction splinting on the severity of pain, handgrip, palmar and lateral pinch strength, and hand function in people with de Quervain tenosynovitis. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 volunteer patients (24 females) with de Quervain tenosynovitis referred to clinical centers were selected via convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned to three study groups (without the splint, palmar abduction splint, and radial abduction splint). The splints' height was two-thirds of the elbow. The splints were designed to immobilize the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb but allow the interphalangeal joint to move. One splint immobilizes the thumb in palmar abduction, while another immobilizes the thumb in radial abduction. The outcomes were studied and measured immediately after the intervention and in a single session. The intended outcomes included pain severity, handgrip strength, palmar and lateral pinch strength, and hand function measured with a visual analog scale, hand dynamometers, and the Jebsen-Taylor test, respectively. The repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis using SPSS software, version 16. Results: All participants completed all study assessments. The results showed a significant reduction of pain, handgrip strength, lateral and palmar pinch, and hand function after using a thumb splint compared to without the splint condition (P<0.05). The pain severity in gripping objects was lower after using a palmar abduction splint than the radial abduction splint. Also, the strength reduction in taking objects by gripping, lateral pinch, and palmar was lower after using the palmar abduction splint than the radial abduction splint (P<0.05). Still, both splints were not significantly different in slowing the hand function in the Jebsen-Taylor test (P>0.05). Conclusion: The positioning of the thumb in palmar abduction with splinting could be more effective for pain reduction and manipulation of objects with the hand and fingers.
{"title":"Studying the Immediate Effects of Two Types of Thumb Splints on the Pain, Grip Strength, and Hand Function in People With De Quervain Tenosynovitis","authors":"Hanieh Mohammadzadeh, A. Zarezadeh, M. Mardani, E. Sadeghi-Demneh","doi":"10.32598/rj.23.4.1775.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/rj.23.4.1775.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The prevention of thumb joints flexion help cure de Quervain tenosynovitis. The thumb, therefore, is being immobilized in the abduction position by splinting. Thumb abduction can be away from the palm (palmar abduction) or from the fingers (radial abduction), which are done in two different planes. To the authors' knowledge, the literature has not specified which kind of thumb abduction has better treatment outcomes and functions. This study aimed to compare the immediate efficacy of palmar abduction and radial abduction splinting on the severity of pain, handgrip, palmar and lateral pinch strength, and hand function in people with de Quervain tenosynovitis. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 volunteer patients (24 females) with de Quervain tenosynovitis referred to clinical centers were selected via convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned to three study groups (without the splint, palmar abduction splint, and radial abduction splint). The splints' height was two-thirds of the elbow. The splints were designed to immobilize the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb but allow the interphalangeal joint to move. One splint immobilizes the thumb in palmar abduction, while another immobilizes the thumb in radial abduction. The outcomes were studied and measured immediately after the intervention and in a single session. The intended outcomes included pain severity, handgrip strength, palmar and lateral pinch strength, and hand function measured with a visual analog scale, hand dynamometers, and the Jebsen-Taylor test, respectively. The repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis using SPSS software, version 16. Results: All participants completed all study assessments. The results showed a significant reduction of pain, handgrip strength, lateral and palmar pinch, and hand function after using a thumb splint compared to without the splint condition (P<0.05). The pain severity in gripping objects was lower after using a palmar abduction splint than the radial abduction splint. Also, the strength reduction in taking objects by gripping, lateral pinch, and palmar was lower after using the palmar abduction splint than the radial abduction splint (P<0.05). Still, both splints were not significantly different in slowing the hand function in the Jebsen-Taylor test (P>0.05). Conclusion: The positioning of the thumb in palmar abduction with splinting could be more effective for pain reduction and manipulation of objects with the hand and fingers.","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"65 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88462711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asieh Soghrati, N. Arsalani, Shamaneh Mohamadi, Mohsen Vahedi, H. Ajami
Objective: Neurogenic bladder (NB) is one of the most common causes of urinary incontinence, and its many long-term problems negatively affect patients' quality of life, especially women, due to a lack of social roles. Due to the chronic nature of this disorder, the implementation of rehabilitation nursing interventions to improve the quality of life of these patients has been recommended. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of multidimensional rehabilitation nursing intervention of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of young and middle-aged women with neurogenic bladder. Materials & Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design that was conducted in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2021. Data were collected from 30 young and middle-aged women aged 18 to 60 years admitted with neurogenic bladder. The samples completed the demographic questionnaire and incontinence quality of life questionnaire (I-QOL) before and 6 weeks after the intervention during follow-up. Multidimensional rehabilitation nursing intervention of urinary incontinence included two-part training sessions: 1) clean intermittent catheterization and 2) behavioral therapy (Time voiding, delaying urination, diet, and medication) in 7 30-minutes sessions of training conducted daily and individually face-to-face in the first week and then a follow-up of patients in 5 weeks (second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth weeks), one session per week in the form of virtual classes and online video calls in WhatsApp application. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software version 25 using one-way ANOVA and paired t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Most participants were 20-30 years old (30%) and married (53.3%). Before and after the intervention, the quality of life of patients with neurogenic bladder disorder increased from 46.46±11.07 to 66.23±9.46, which was statistically significant (t=14.20, P<0.0001). Also, psychosocial impacts due to the disease were reduced based on one of the three subscales of the quality of life questionnaire. In addition, quality of life was significantly lower in younger, unemployed, single, spinal cord injury, body odor, and people with a neurogenic bladder disease diagnosis period of less than one year (P<0001). Conclusion: According to our findings, clean intermittent catheterization and behavioral therapy could significantly improve patient's quality of life with NB. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the long-term effectiveness of this intervention.
{"title":"The Effect of Rehabilitation Nursing Interventions on the Quality of Life in Women With Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction","authors":"Asieh Soghrati, N. Arsalani, Shamaneh Mohamadi, Mohsen Vahedi, H. Ajami","doi":"10.32598/rj.23.4.3513.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/rj.23.4.3513.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Neurogenic bladder (NB) is one of the most common causes of urinary incontinence, and its many long-term problems negatively affect patients' quality of life, especially women, due to a lack of social roles. Due to the chronic nature of this disorder, the implementation of rehabilitation nursing interventions to improve the quality of life of these patients has been recommended. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of multidimensional rehabilitation nursing intervention of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of young and middle-aged women with neurogenic bladder. Materials & Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design that was conducted in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2021. Data were collected from 30 young and middle-aged women aged 18 to 60 years admitted with neurogenic bladder. The samples completed the demographic questionnaire and incontinence quality of life questionnaire (I-QOL) before and 6 weeks after the intervention during follow-up. Multidimensional rehabilitation nursing intervention of urinary incontinence included two-part training sessions: 1) clean intermittent catheterization and 2) behavioral therapy (Time voiding, delaying urination, diet, and medication) in 7 30-minutes sessions of training conducted daily and individually face-to-face in the first week and then a follow-up of patients in 5 weeks (second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth weeks), one session per week in the form of virtual classes and online video calls in WhatsApp application. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software version 25 using one-way ANOVA and paired t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Most participants were 20-30 years old (30%) and married (53.3%). Before and after the intervention, the quality of life of patients with neurogenic bladder disorder increased from 46.46±11.07 to 66.23±9.46, which was statistically significant (t=14.20, P<0.0001). Also, psychosocial impacts due to the disease were reduced based on one of the three subscales of the quality of life questionnaire. In addition, quality of life was significantly lower in younger, unemployed, single, spinal cord injury, body odor, and people with a neurogenic bladder disease diagnosis period of less than one year (P<0001). Conclusion: According to our findings, clean intermittent catheterization and behavioral therapy could significantly improve patient's quality of life with NB. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the long-term effectiveness of this intervention.","PeriodicalId":46374,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73696510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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