Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling最新文献

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The resister, the talker and the confessor: A closer look at suspect responses in investigative interviews 反抗者、谈话者和忏悔者：调查访谈中嫌疑人的反应细读

IF 0.8 4区心理学 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1640

Christopher E. Kelly, Elizabeth M. Jenaway, Akiko Kyong‐McClain, Michael Mcclary, Nathan Meehan

Research on investigative interviewing tends to focus on a limited number of interview methods employed during an interview in pursuit of a singular outcome. The present study took an expansive view of the techniques used, questions asked and interviewer disposition, and related them to three interview goals—overcoming resistance, gathering information and eliciting confessions. Drawing upon theory and prior research, we hypothesised that certain methods would be more relevant to certain outcomes than others, such as question types would have a greater effect on information gain than techniques or interviewer disposition. Using a sample of 43 suspect interviews provided by the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD), we found partial support for our hypotheses. Rapport‐based approaches and a respectful disposition reduced resistance, open‐ended questions elicited more information than closed‐ended ones and in the final model, only open‐ended questions increased confessions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

有关调查性面谈的研究往往侧重于面谈过程中为追求单一结果而采用的数量有限的面谈方法。本研究对所使用的技巧、提出的问题和面谈者的态度进行了广泛的研究，并将它们与三个面谈目标--克服抵触、收集信息和诱供--联系起来。根据理论和先前的研究，我们假设某些方法与某些结果的相关性要高于其他方法，例如问题类型对信息获取的影响要大于技巧或面谈者的处置。利用拉斯维加斯大都会警察局（LVMPD）提供的 43 个嫌疑人访谈样本，我们发现我们的假设得到了部分支持。基于亲和力的方法和尊重的态度减少了抵触情绪，开放式问题比封闭式问题获得了更多信息，在最终模型中，只有开放式问题增加了供词。本文讨论了研究和实践的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Mental pathology in the field of personality and psychotic disorders, systematic review of its relationship with the commission of homicide and violent acts 人格和精神障碍领域的精神病理学，系统审查其与杀人和暴力行为的关系

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1639

Enrique González Marcos, Marta Garrido Cano, J. González-Bernal, Mirian Santamaría-Peláez, J. González-Santos

Mental pathology and violence have been studied by the scientific community, a topic that is sometimes perceived as controversial, partly due to the prevailing stigma around psychiatric disorders. In this project, all those factors concomitant with psychotic pathologies and ‘Cluster B’ antisocial disorders, which could interfere with the commission of violent actions, and their maximum expression, the homicide, are addressed from a comprehensive psychological perspective. To this end, a rigorous methodological selection of 15 high‐impact articles has been carried out, from which the results have been extracted and compared in this systematic review. The findings obtained revolve around the importance of adherence to treatment, the therapeutic alliance, the absence of toxic consumption, and concomitance with other mental pathologies, taking into account the idiosyncratic differences of the subjects, as well as between the pathologies and diagnoses described, always maintaining the comparison between said disorders, and with the population in absence of pathology.

科学界一直在研究精神病理学和暴力问题，这个话题有时被认为是有争议的，部分原因是人们对精神疾病普遍抱有成见。在本项目中，我们从全面的心理学角度探讨了所有与精神病理学和 "B 群 "反社会障碍相关的因素，这些因素可能会影响暴力行为的实施，以及暴力行为的最大表现形式--杀人。为此，我们从 15 篇影响力较大的文章中进行了严格的方法论筛选，并在本系统综述中对这些文章的结果进行了提取和比较。研究结果围绕坚持治疗的重要性、治疗联盟、无毒性消耗、与其他精神疾病的并发症等方面展开，同时考虑到研究对象的特异性差异，以及所述病症和诊断之间的差异，始终保持所述病症之间的比较，以及与无病症人群的比较。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive interview conducted in‐person and over‐the‐phone for informants' memory of overheard conversations 通过面谈和电话进行认知访谈，以了解线人对无意中听到的对话的记忆情况

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1638

Danielle Sneyd, Ronald P. Fisher

The current study examined the Cognitive Interview (CI) for eliciting information about an overheard conversation (planning a future crime). Interviews were conducted either in‐person or via telephone. The CI elicited more information, and at a comparable accuracy level, in comparison to a structured interview (SI). The efficacy of the CI was not significantly influenced by whether the interview was conducted in‐person or via telephone. It took more time to conduct the CI than the SI. Finally, various measures of efficiency showed that the CI was as or more efficient than the SI. Suggestions are offered about adapting the CI for telephone interviews.

本研究对认知访谈法（CI）进行了研究，以获取有关偷听到的对话（计划未来犯罪）的信息。访谈通过面谈或电话进行。与结构化访谈（SI）相比，认知访谈获得了更多的信息，而且准确度相当。面谈是当面进行还是通过电话进行，对 CI 的效果影响不大。与结构化访谈相比，CI 需要花费更多的时间。最后，各种效率测量结果表明，CI 的效率与 SI 相当或更高。本文就如何将 CI 应用于电话访谈提出了一些建议。

引用次数: 0

The charade of discreetness: Exploring the paradoxical lifestyles of romance fraudsters 谨慎的假象探索爱情骗子自相矛盾的生活方式

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1637

J. Barnor

This study examined mechanisms that influence romance fraud perpetrators' public display of affluence, an aspect of romance fraud research that has received little attention in the literature. The study collected data through semi‐structured interviews with eight offenders from two Ghanaian cybercrime hotbeds and three law enforcement officials, using a qualitative research approach based on the critical realist paradigm. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis, which revealed that the social environment, peer influence, links with high‐net‐worth individuals (upper structure clientelism), the involvement of social media and collaboration with some corrupt state officials all had a substantial influence on cybercriminals' public display of wealth. Furthermore, upper structure clientelism shows systemic flaws in financial institutions that must be addressed in order to reduce online romance fraud. The significance of social media in fostering public displays of wealth emphasises the importance of education and awareness initiatives as preventative measures. To effectively prevent online romance fraud, law enforcement should prioritise interagency cooperation and transparency among governmental institutions.

本研究探讨了影响恋爱欺诈者公开展示富裕程度的机制，这是恋爱欺诈研究中一个很少受到文献关注的方面。研究采用基于批判现实主义范式的定性研究方法，通过对来自加纳两个网络犯罪温床的八名犯罪者和三名执法人员进行半结构化访谈收集数据。数据分析采用了主题分析法，结果显示，社会环境、同侪影响、与高净值个人的联系（上层建筑贿赂主义）、社交媒体的参与以及与一些腐败的国家官员的合作都对网络犯罪分子公开炫富产生了重大影响。此外，上层结构 "贿赂主义 "显示了金融机构的系统性缺陷，必须加以解决，以减少网恋欺诈。社交媒体在促进公开炫富方面的重要作用强调了教育和宣传活动作为预防措施的重要性。为有效预防网恋欺诈，执法部门应优先考虑机构间合作和政府机构间的透明度。

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引用次数: 0

Drawing on memory: A meta‐analytic review 汲取记忆：元分析综述

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1633

Georgina A. Maddox, Glen E. Bodner, Matthew W. Christian, Paul Williamson

Drawing is commonly used to facilitate event recall in eyewitness and therapeutic settings. Building on Derksen and Connolly’s (2022) review, we meta‐analytically examined how drawing affects memory relative to purely verbal methods of communication (e.g. ‘talk only’ interviews). Database searches identified 36 randomised controlled trials of the effect of drawing‐based interventions on event memory (N = 2013). Our memory outcome measures were amount and accuracy of information reported, errors and confabulations. Random‐effects analysis indicated drawing was favoured relative to verbal controls across these four outcomes. Drawing enhanced the amount (g = 0.63, p < .001) and accuracy (g = 0.29, p = .014) of information reported, but did not reduce errors (g = 0.05, p = .633) or confabulations (g = 0.22, p = .488) relative to control. The memory benefits of drawing were not moderated by age (children vs. adults), event type (autobiographical vs. live/staged vs. video), control type (visual‐active vs. verbal‐only) or task timing (immediate vs. delay). Two potential moderators could not be analysed due to the paucity of studies: event focus (trauma‐related vs. non‐trauma‐related) and drawing focus (event‐focused vs. non‐event‐focused). Our meta‐analysis indicates that drawing is a valuable facilitator of event recall relative to traditional methods of communication. However, our review also highlights the need for more trauma‐specific studies. We address and offer practical recommendations for future studies to address potential risks that may result from using drawing in applied settings.

在目击和治疗环境中，绘画通常用于促进事件回忆。以 Derksen 和 Connolly（2022 年）的综述为基础，我们对绘画相对于纯粹的语言交流方法（如 "只言片语 "访谈）如何影响记忆进行了元分析研究。通过数据库搜索，我们找到了 36 项随机对照试验，研究绘画干预对事件记忆的影响（N = 2013）。我们的记忆结果测量指标是所报告信息的数量和准确性、错误和混淆。随机效应分析表明，在这四种结果中，绘画相对于口头控制更有优势。与对照组相比，绘画提高了报告信息的数量（g = 0.63，p < .001）和准确性（g = 0.29，p = .014），但没有减少错误（g = 0.05，p = .633）或混淆（g = 0.22，p = .488）。绘画对记忆的益处不受年龄（儿童与成人）、事件类型（自传与现场/舞台与视频）、控制类型（视觉与纯语言）或任务时间（即时与延迟）的影响。由于研究较少，我们无法分析两个潜在的调节因素：事件焦点（创伤相关与非创伤相关）和绘画焦点（事件焦点与非事件焦点）。我们的荟萃分析表明，与传统的交流方式相比，绘画对事件回忆有重要的促进作用。然而，我们的综述也强调了需要更多针对创伤的研究。我们对未来的研究提出了切实可行的建议，以解决在应用环境中使用绘画可能导致的潜在风险。

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引用次数: 0

The efficacy of the Self‐Administered Interview: A systematic review 自控访谈的功效：系统回顾

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1632

Emily Bird, Jan Wiener, Ching‐Yu Huang, Janice Attard‐Johnson

Obtaining accurate information from eyewitnesses is a crucial element in criminal investigations. Interview strategies such as the Cognitive Interview (CI) and the Self‐Administered Interview (SAI) have been developed and implemented to minimise inaccuracies and enhance the recall and reliability of eyewitness evidence. The SAI is a recent development within forensic psychology. However, a question remains as to the effectiveness of the SAI as an investigative interview tool. A systematic review of published studies employing the SAI was conducted (n = 22), and all were considered in relation to three variables (estimator, system and methodological). As the number of studies within the evidence base was relatively small, we could not ascertain whether the SAI is an effective investigative interviewing tool. However, the results demonstrate a number of positive benefits of the SAI. We discuss the implications of these findings for policy and directions for future research.

从目击证人那里获得准确信息是刑事调查中的一个关键因素。为了最大限度地减少不准确性，提高目击证人证据的回忆能力和可靠性，人们开发并实施了认知访谈（CI）和自控访谈（SAI）等访谈策略。SAI 是法证心理学的最新发展。然而，SAI 作为一种调查访谈工具是否有效仍是一个问题。我们对已发表的采用 SAI 的研究进行了系统性回顾（n = 22），并根据三个变量（估计器、系统和方法）对所有研究进行了审议。由于证据库中的研究数量相对较少，我们无法确定 SAI 是否是一种有效的调查访谈工具。不过，研究结果表明了 SAI 的一些积极益处。我们将讨论这些研究结果对政策的影响以及未来研究的方向。

引用次数: 0

The effect of confession evidence on conviction, and considering alternative scenarios as remedy in a sample of police officers 供词证据对定罪的影响，以及考虑以其他情况作为警官样本的补救措施

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1631

Neville Niccolson, Eric Rassin

In order to prevent tunnel vision and ultimately miscarriages of justice, police, prosecutors and judges must remain open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is in fact innocent. However, it is not evident from the literature that people are sufficiently aware of how alternative scenarios should be employed in the decision making process. In the present research, 230 Dutch police officers read one of three versions of a case description. In the first version, there was strong evidence against the primary suspect. In the second version, the suspect additionally confessed, increasing the body of incriminating evidence. In the third version, the suspect confessed, but before deciding on their conviction, participants were instructed to consider how well each piece of evidence fitted in the primary but also in the alternative scenario (in which the crime was committed by an alternative suspect). Contrary to expectations, the confession did not increase conviction and the alternative‐scenario consideration did not suppress conviction. Implications of these null findings are discussed.

为了防止出现 "隧道视野 "并最终导致司法不公，警察、检察官和法官必须对嫌疑人实际上是无辜的其他情况持开放态度。然而，从文献中看不出人们充分意识到在决策过程中应如何使用替代方案。在本研究中，230 名荷兰警官阅读了三个版本的案件描述。在第一个版本中，主要嫌疑人证据确凿。在第二个版本中，犯罪嫌疑人又供认不讳，增加了犯罪证据。在第三个版本中，犯罪嫌疑人供认不讳，但在决定是否判定其有罪之前，参与者被要求考虑每项证据在主要情景和备选情景（犯罪嫌疑人为另一嫌疑人）中的匹配程度。与预期相反，供认并没有提高定罪率，而替代情景的考虑也没有抑制定罪率。本文讨论了这些无效结论的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Unpacking the journey to property crime in Changchun, China 解读中国长春的财产犯罪之路

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1630

Ziyu Zhao, Heng Zhou, Qian (Chayn) Sun

Journey to crime describes the spatial patterns of offenders from their residential area to the crime location. When compared to other research topics regarding urban crime, there is still a lack of research on journey to crime, especially in China, as a result of which the behavioural motivation of offenders cannot be comprehensively examined. Four typical types of crimes committed against property (pickpocketing, robbery, theft and burglary) were investigated in the Nanguan District of Changchun from 2010 to 2016. The results showed significant effects of the demographic characteristics of offenders and spatiotemporal factors on the journey to crime. In terms of the place of household registration, offenders from the central urban districts of Changchun tend to commit short-distance local robbery, whereas those from the suburban counties tend to commit long-distance non-local crimes. With increasing population density, the proportion of local plunders increases directly. This study aims to encourage urban managers to rethink the governance of floating populations, and assist police in strengthening social security.

犯罪过程描述了犯罪者从居住地到犯罪地点的空间模式。与其他有关城市犯罪的研究课题相比，对犯罪路径的研究仍然缺乏，尤其是在中国，因此无法全面考察犯罪者的行为动机。研究人员对长春市南关区 2010 年至 2016 年发生的四类典型侵财犯罪（扒窃、抢劫、盗窃和入室盗窃）进行了调查。结果表明，犯罪者的人口特征和时空因素对犯罪过程有明显影响。从户籍地来看，长春市中心城区的犯罪人倾向于短途本地抢劫，而郊县的犯罪人倾向于长途非本地犯罪。随着人口密度的增加，本地抢劫的比例直接上升。本研究旨在鼓励城市管理者重新思考流动人口的治理问题，并协助警方加强社会治安。

引用次数: 0

The principle of reciprocity in Scharff interviews 沙拉夫访谈中的互惠原则

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1629

Nicola Palena, Pär-Anders Granhag, Aldert Vrij, Robin Orthey, Roberto Monticciolo, Letizia Caso

Studies on the collection of information (intelligence) show the effectiveness of the Scharff technique and the principle of reciprocity. These two aspects have never been considered at the same time. In the present experiment, we compared the effect of two different forms of reciprocity (intrinsic vs. instrumental) and their combination on the elicitation of information in Scharff interviews. Participants were asked to imagine that an interview took place and were exposed to four reciprocity conditions (no reciprocity, intrinsic reciprocity, instrumental reciprocity, intrinsic and instrumental reciprocity). The results showed that instrumental reciprocity resulted in more information than intrinsic reciprocity.

有关信息（情报）收集的研究表明，沙尔夫技术和互惠原则非常有效。这两个方面从未被同时考虑过。在本实验中，我们比较了两种不同形式的互惠（内在互惠与工具性互惠）及其组合对在夏拉夫访谈中获取信息的影响。参与者被要求想象进行了一次访谈，并被置于四种互惠条件下（无互惠、内在互惠、工具互惠、内在和工具互惠）。结果表明，与内在互惠相比，工具互惠获得了更多的信息。

引用次数: 0

The relationship between psychopathy facets and types of criminal offences 心理变态各方面与刑事犯罪类型之间的关系

IF 1 4区心理学 Q3 Psychology

Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling

Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/jip.1628

Alora McCarthy, Bryanna Fox, Edelyn Verona

The Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL-R) is a widely used measurement of psychopathy comprising interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial facets representing narrow-band characteristics associated with the construct. However, there is little research on whether the distinct facets of psychopathy show specialised relationships with different types of criminal offences. The PCL-R was administered to 138 adults incarcerated at a county jail. Arrests were coded into broad categories (i.e., crimes against persons, property or society), as well as for specific offence types (e.g. burglary, assault) using US crime definitions. Zero-order correlations and zero-inflated regression models showed significant relationships between: the lifestyle facet and property and societal crimes, mainly drug offences; the affective facet and crimes against persons; and the antisocial facet with all three major crime categories, as well as burglary, motor vehicle theft, robbery and assault. Overall, these results indicate that the PCL-R facets offer unique information about specific forms of criminal behaviour.

心理病态检查表-修订版（PCL-R）是一种广泛使用的心理病态测量方法，包括人际关系、情感、生活方式和反社会等方面，代表了与心理病态相关的狭义特征。然而，关于心理变态的不同侧面是否与不同类型的刑事犯罪之间存在特殊关系的研究却很少。我们对 138 名被关押在县监狱的成年人进行了 PCL-R 测验。根据美国的犯罪定义，被捕人员被分为几大类（即针对个人、财产或社会的犯罪）以及特定的犯罪类型（如入室盗窃、袭击）。零阶相关性和零膨胀回归模型显示：生活方式面与财产和社会犯罪（主要是毒品犯罪）之间存在显著关系；情感面与针对个人的犯罪之间存在显著关系；反社会面与所有三个主要犯罪类别以及入室盗窃、机动车盗窃、抢劫和袭击之间存在显著关系。总之，这些结果表明，PCL-R 面项提供了有关特定形式犯罪行为的独特信息。

引用次数: 0

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