Abstract This invited paper is a review of the significance of couple relationships to the practice of all therapists. The article begins with a summary of the evidence on the centrality of committed couple relationships to the lives and wellbeing of adults, and the association of the quality of the parents’ couple relationship on the wellbeing of children. We argue that the well-established reciprocal association between individual problems and couple relationship problems means that all therapists need to pay attention to how a couple relationship might be influencing a client's functioning, even if the relationship is not the presenting problem. There is an outline the evolution of current approaches to behavioural couple therapy, and the current state of the art and science of couple therapy. We present an analysis of the evidence for couple therapy as a treatment for relationship distress, as well as couple-based treatments for individual problems. This is followed by a description of the distinctive challenges in working with couples and how to address those challenges, and recommendations about how to address the needs of diverse couple relationships. Finally, we propose some core therapist competencies needed to work effectively with couples.
{"title":"What Every Therapist Needs to Know About Couple Therapy","authors":"W. Kim Halford, C. Pepping","doi":"10.1017/bec.2019.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2019.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This invited paper is a review of the significance of couple relationships to the practice of all therapists. The article begins with a summary of the evidence on the centrality of committed couple relationships to the lives and wellbeing of adults, and the association of the quality of the parents’ couple relationship on the wellbeing of children. We argue that the well-established reciprocal association between individual problems and couple relationship problems means that all therapists need to pay attention to how a couple relationship might be influencing a client's functioning, even if the relationship is not the presenting problem. There is an outline the evolution of current approaches to behavioural couple therapy, and the current state of the art and science of couple therapy. We present an analysis of the evidence for couple therapy as a treatment for relationship distress, as well as couple-based treatments for individual problems. This is followed by a description of the distinctive challenges in working with couples and how to address those challenges, and recommendations about how to address the needs of diverse couple relationships. Finally, we propose some core therapist competencies needed to work effectively with couples.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"121 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2019.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46940832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study sought to examine the role of death anxiety as a transdiagnostic predictor of social anxiety symptomatology compared to self-esteem and intolerance of uncertainty, and to examine the relationship between measures of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and death anxiety. A total of 591 participants, 445 females, average age 38.0 years (SD = 14.5), completed an online survey including background questions, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Phobia Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, the Spirituality Scale, and the Death Anxiety Scale. No significant, independent relationship was found between death anxiety and social anxiety symptomatology, although self-esteem and intolerance of uncertainty were significant predictors of both measures of social anxiety, confirming the importance of these key transdiagnostic mediators as predictors of social anxiety symptomatology. A strong negative correlation was found between death anxiety and measures of both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity in this general population sample not selected for high religious affiliation.
{"title":"A Comparison of Death Anxiety, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Social Anxiety Symptoms","authors":"J. Lowe, L. Harris","doi":"10.1017/bec.2019.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2019.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study sought to examine the role of death anxiety as a transdiagnostic predictor of social anxiety symptomatology compared to self-esteem and intolerance of uncertainty, and to examine the relationship between measures of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity and death anxiety. A total of 591 participants, 445 females, average age 38.0 years (SD = 14.5), completed an online survey including background questions, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Phobia Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, the Spirituality Scale, and the Death Anxiety Scale. No significant, independent relationship was found between death anxiety and social anxiety symptomatology, although self-esteem and intolerance of uncertainty were significant predictors of both measures of social anxiety, confirming the importance of these key transdiagnostic mediators as predictors of social anxiety symptomatology. A strong negative correlation was found between death anxiety and measures of both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity in this general population sample not selected for high religious affiliation.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"165 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2019.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41743297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: Psychotherapy homework completion is associated with positive treatment outcomes, but many patients show low adherence to prescribed assignments. Whether text-message prompts are effective in increasing adherence to assignments is unknown. Aims: To evaluate whether tailored daily text-message prompts can increase homework adherence in a stress/anxiety treatment. Method: This study used a randomised controlled single-case alternating treatment design with parallel replication in seven participants. Participants received a five-week relaxation program for stress and anxiety with daily exercises. The intervention consisted of daily text messages tailored for each participant. Phases with or without text messages were randomly alternated over the study course. Randomisation tests were used to statistically analyse differences in mean number of completed relaxation exercises between phases. Results: There was a significant (combined p = .018) effect of daily text messages on homework adherence across participants with weak to medium effect size improvements. No negative effects of daily text messages were identified. Conclusions: Tailored text messages can marginally improve adherence to assignments for patients in CBT. Further studies may investigate how text messages can be made relevant for more patients and whether text messages can be used to increase homework quality rather than quantity.
{"title":"Tailored Text Message Prompts to Increase Therapy Homework Adherence: A Single-Case Randomised Controlled Study","authors":"S. Alfonsson, Joakim Englund, Thomas Parling","doi":"10.1017/bec.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Psychotherapy homework completion is associated with positive treatment outcomes, but many patients show low adherence to prescribed assignments. Whether text-message prompts are effective in increasing adherence to assignments is unknown. Aims: To evaluate whether tailored daily text-message prompts can increase homework adherence in a stress/anxiety treatment. Method: This study used a randomised controlled single-case alternating treatment design with parallel replication in seven participants. Participants received a five-week relaxation program for stress and anxiety with daily exercises. The intervention consisted of daily text messages tailored for each participant. Phases with or without text messages were randomly alternated over the study course. Randomisation tests were used to statistically analyse differences in mean number of completed relaxation exercises between phases. Results: There was a significant (combined p = .018) effect of daily text messages on homework adherence across participants with weak to medium effect size improvements. No negative effects of daily text messages were identified. Conclusions: Tailored text messages can marginally improve adherence to assignments for patients in CBT. Further studies may investigate how text messages can be made relevant for more patients and whether text messages can be used to increase homework quality rather than quantity.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"180 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2019.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45995524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the field of psychopathology there is still a lack of consensus on how mental disorders, such as depression, should be classified and explained. Many of our current classifications suffer from disorder heterogeneity and are conceptually vague. While some researchers have argued that mental disorders are better explained from a biological perspective, others have made the case for pluralistic and integrative explanations. Using depression as an extended example, we explore the challenges in classifying and explaining psychopathology. We begin by evaluating the current approaches to classification, including frameworks for what we consider a mental disorder. This is followed by a detailed summary of current explanatory perspectives in psychiatry. The relationship between classification and explanation presents unique theoretical challenges in understanding mental disorders. We suggest that by adjusting our focus from understanding syndromes to clinical phenomena we can advance our understanding of mental disorders.
{"title":"The Classification and Explanation of Depression","authors":"Samuel Clack, T. Ward","doi":"10.1017/bec.2019.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2019.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the field of psychopathology there is still a lack of consensus on how mental disorders, such as depression, should be classified and explained. Many of our current classifications suffer from disorder heterogeneity and are conceptually vague. While some researchers have argued that mental disorders are better explained from a biological perspective, others have made the case for pluralistic and integrative explanations. Using depression as an extended example, we explore the challenges in classifying and explaining psychopathology. We begin by evaluating the current approaches to classification, including frameworks for what we consider a mental disorder. This is followed by a detailed summary of current explanatory perspectives in psychiatry. The relationship between classification and explanation presents unique theoretical challenges in understanding mental disorders. We suggest that by adjusting our focus from understanding syndromes to clinical phenomena we can advance our understanding of mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"41 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2019.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41340837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mairwen K. Jones, L. Harris, Rajezi Sepideh Esfahani
Abstract The experience of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms that have a religious theme is common. Recent research has found that religious participants with religious OCD symptoms frequently turn to religious advisors, such as imams or clergy, for help to understand and alleviate their symptoms. As such, the advice provided by imams or clergy may have an important impact on the response of the person seeking help. This study examined the attitudes, beliefs and experiences of 64 Muslim imams with mosque-goers who had religious OCD symptoms, particularly scrupulosity. This study also examined imams’ familiarity with first-line psychological treatments for OCD such as Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Sunni imams from Australia and Shia imams from Iran completed an online survey based on the research of Deacon, Vincent, and Zhang (2012), which was conducted with Christian clergy in the United States. Results showed that the majority of imams were unfamiliar with scrupulosity as a possible symptom of a mental health problem, such as OCD, and with ERP as a recognised treatment for OCD. While 37% of participants reported having been approached by mosque-goers for help with scrupulosity, only 9% referred mosque-goers to mental health professionals, and only one imam reported having referred a mosque-goer for ERP. Sunni imams located in Australia were more likely to provide advice inconsistent with the ERP approach and were also significantly less likely than Shia imams located in Iran to recommend referral to a mental health professional who was not affiliated with their own religious denomination. Finally, Sunni imams had significantly higher scores than Shia imams on Thought Action Fusion (TAF) subscales. Results of multiple regression analysis revealed that TAF explained a considerable amount of the variance related to ERP-inconsistent advice. Research implications and limitations are discussed.
具有宗教主题的强迫症(OCD)症状是常见的。最近的研究发现，有宗教强迫症症状的宗教参与者经常求助于宗教顾问，如伊玛目或神职人员，以帮助理解和减轻他们的症状。因此，伊玛目或神职人员提供的建议可能对寻求帮助的人的反应产生重要影响。这项研究调查了64名穆斯林伊玛目的态度、信仰和经历，这些人有宗教强迫症症状，尤其是谨慎。本研究还调查了伊玛目对强迫症一线心理治疗的熟悉程度，如暴露和反应预防(ERP)。来自澳大利亚的逊尼派伊玛目和来自伊朗的什叶派伊玛目根据Deacon, Vincent, and Zhang(2012)对美国基督教神职人员的研究完成了一项在线调查。结果显示，大多数伊玛目不熟悉严谨是一种可能的心理健康问题的症状，比如强迫症，也不熟悉ERP是一种公认的强迫症治疗方法。虽然37%的参与者报告说，去清真寺的人曾向他们寻求谨慎的帮助，但只有9%的人把去清真寺的人介绍给心理健康专家，只有一名伊玛目报告说，曾把去清真寺的人介绍给ERP。澳大利亚的逊尼派伊玛目更有可能提供与ERP方法不一致的建议，而且与伊朗的什叶派伊玛目相比，他们也更不可能建议转介给不属于自己宗教派别的心理健康专业人员。最后，逊尼派伊玛目在思想行动融合(TAF)分量表上的得分明显高于什叶派伊玛目。多元回归分析的结果显示，TAF解释了与erp不一致的建议相关的相当数量的方差。讨论了研究的意义和局限性。
{"title":"Imams’ Experience With and Response to Mosque-Goers With OCD Scrupulosity","authors":"Mairwen K. Jones, L. Harris, Rajezi Sepideh Esfahani","doi":"10.1017/bec.2019.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2019.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The experience of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms that have a religious theme is common. Recent research has found that religious participants with religious OCD symptoms frequently turn to religious advisors, such as imams or clergy, for help to understand and alleviate their symptoms. As such, the advice provided by imams or clergy may have an important impact on the response of the person seeking help. This study examined the attitudes, beliefs and experiences of 64 Muslim imams with mosque-goers who had religious OCD symptoms, particularly scrupulosity. This study also examined imams’ familiarity with first-line psychological treatments for OCD such as Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Sunni imams from Australia and Shia imams from Iran completed an online survey based on the research of Deacon, Vincent, and Zhang (2012), which was conducted with Christian clergy in the United States. Results showed that the majority of imams were unfamiliar with scrupulosity as a possible symptom of a mental health problem, such as OCD, and with ERP as a recognised treatment for OCD. While 37% of participants reported having been approached by mosque-goers for help with scrupulosity, only 9% referred mosque-goers to mental health professionals, and only one imam reported having referred a mosque-goer for ERP. Sunni imams located in Australia were more likely to provide advice inconsistent with the ERP approach and were also significantly less likely than Shia imams located in Iran to recommend referral to a mental health professional who was not affiliated with their own religious denomination. Finally, Sunni imams had significantly higher scores than Shia imams on Thought Action Fusion (TAF) subscales. Results of multiple regression analysis revealed that TAF explained a considerable amount of the variance related to ERP-inconsistent advice. Research implications and limitations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"29 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2019.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43933196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Patient memory for treatment contents is defined as memory for the ideas, concepts, skills, and/or insights (termed treatment points) that the therapist thinks are important for the patient to remember and implement as a part of therapy. This article reviews key findings on patient memory for treatment contents, describes the development and evaluation of the Memory Support Intervention (MSI), and outlines future directions for research. Patient memory for treatment contents is poor, and worse memory is associated with worse treatment outcome. The MSI is composed of eight memory support strategies that therapists incorporate frequently alongside treatment points delivered during treatment-as-usual. Training therapists to deliver the MSI may yield better treatment outcomes by enhancing patient memory for treatment contents. Future research is needed to understand how to best measure patient memory for treatment contents, and the mediators, moderators, and dissemination potential of the MSI.
{"title":"Patient Memory for Psychological Treatment Contents: Assessment, Intervention, and Future Directions for a Novel Transdiagnostic Mechanism of Change","authors":"Garret G Zieve, Lu Dong, A. Harvey","doi":"10.1017/bec.2019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2019.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Patient memory for treatment contents is defined as memory for the ideas, concepts, skills, and/or insights (termed treatment points) that the therapist thinks are important for the patient to remember and implement as a part of therapy. This article reviews key findings on patient memory for treatment contents, describes the development and evaluation of the Memory Support Intervention (MSI), and outlines future directions for research. Patient memory for treatment contents is poor, and worse memory is associated with worse treatment outcome. The MSI is composed of eight memory support strategies that therapists incorporate frequently alongside treatment points delivered during treatment-as-usual. Training therapists to deliver the MSI may yield better treatment outcomes by enhancing patient memory for treatment contents. Future research is needed to understand how to best measure patient memory for treatment contents, and the mediators, moderators, and dissemination potential of the MSI.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"36 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2019.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42535433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective The main objective of the study was to examine the relationships between parental rejection, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and the emotional eating style of youngsters who finished an inpatient multidisciplinary weight loss treatment program and were back in their home environment. Method Participants were 52 youngsters (age 11–17 years) with an average percent over ideal BMI of 186.11% (SD = 27.54) before treatment and 136.37% (SD = 19.65) at a mean follow-up of 4 months. Participants completed questionnaires assessing maternal and paternal rejection, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and emotional eating. Data were analysed using bootstrapping procedure. Results Mediation analyses showed that maladaptive emotion regulation partially mediated the association between maternal rejection and the youngsters’ emotional eating style. Paternal rejection was directly related to emotional eating. Conclusion The results suggest that the family climate may have an impact on the eating style of the youngsters after weight loss treatment.
{"title":"Parental Rejection as a Predictor of Emotional Eating After Inpatient Weight Loss Treatment for Youngsters","authors":"J. Vandewalle, E. Moens, T. Debeuf, C. Braet","doi":"10.1017/bec.2018.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective The main objective of the study was to examine the relationships between parental rejection, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and the emotional eating style of youngsters who finished an inpatient multidisciplinary weight loss treatment program and were back in their home environment. Method Participants were 52 youngsters (age 11–17 years) with an average percent over ideal BMI of 186.11% (SD = 27.54) before treatment and 136.37% (SD = 19.65) at a mean follow-up of 4 months. Participants completed questionnaires assessing maternal and paternal rejection, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and emotional eating. Data were analysed using bootstrapping procedure. Results Mediation analyses showed that maladaptive emotion regulation partially mediated the association between maternal rejection and the youngsters’ emotional eating style. Paternal rejection was directly related to emotional eating. Conclusion The results suggest that the family climate may have an impact on the eating style of the youngsters after weight loss treatment.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"35 1","pages":"217 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2018.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45182965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sepideh Jahandideh, E. Kendall, S. Low-Choy, K. Donald, R. Jayasinghe
Abstract This study aimed to compile existing evidence about the proposed relationships among variables at three stages of the model of therapeutic engagement (MTE): patient intention to engage in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), CR initiation, and sustained engagement. This model has not been tested in any rehabilitation setting. Therefore, this systematic literature review is key to future research and application of MTE to predict and enhance patient engagement in CR. Model-centric systematic literature reviews have been conducted for each stage of the MTE. A coherent approach to understanding and monitoring the process of patient engagement in CR is absent. Few relevant studies included in the model-centric reviews met the criteria: eight in stage 1, four in stage 2, and six in stage 3 of the MTE. In total, the tenets of the MTE were supported in patient intention to engage in CR. However, there was less evidence quantifying the proposed relationships among variables that impact on CR initiation and sustained engagement. There is a scarcity of research examining rehabilitation engagement in depth to better understand the complicated process contributing to behavioural outcomes. No decision-support models currently exist to alert patients and healthcare provider to the factors that influence non-engagement.
{"title":"The Process of Patient Engagement in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Model-Centric Systematic Review","authors":"Sepideh Jahandideh, E. Kendall, S. Low-Choy, K. Donald, R. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.1017/bec.2018.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to compile existing evidence about the proposed relationships among variables at three stages of the model of therapeutic engagement (MTE): patient intention to engage in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), CR initiation, and sustained engagement. This model has not been tested in any rehabilitation setting. Therefore, this systematic literature review is key to future research and application of MTE to predict and enhance patient engagement in CR. Model-centric systematic literature reviews have been conducted for each stage of the MTE. A coherent approach to understanding and monitoring the process of patient engagement in CR is absent. Few relevant studies included in the model-centric reviews met the criteria: eight in stage 1, four in stage 2, and six in stage 3 of the MTE. In total, the tenets of the MTE were supported in patient intention to engage in CR. However, there was less evidence quantifying the proposed relationships among variables that impact on CR initiation and sustained engagement. There is a scarcity of research examining rehabilitation engagement in depth to better understand the complicated process contributing to behavioural outcomes. No decision-support models currently exist to alert patients and healthcare provider to the factors that influence non-engagement.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"35 1","pages":"185 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2018.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42132406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Grocholewski, Carina Bücker, E. Kasten, B. Osen, N. Heinrichs
Abstract Little is known about mental images (cognitive representations with sensory qualities) in body integrity identity disorder (BIID). This study aimed to determine whether individuals with BIID experience mental images and, if so, whether they differ to those experienced by individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and healthy controls. A semi-structured interview on mental images and their qualities was delivered to a sample of 22 individuals with BIID and 19 with BDD, and 22 healthy controls. Both the BIID (n = 15, 68.2%) and BDD (n = 14, 73.7%) groups reported significantly more mental images than healthy controls (n = 3, 13.6%), but no differences between the two clinical groups were found. While mental images in BDD were focused on ‘flawed’ body parts, images in BIID involved the desired handicap. Mental images in BIID were experienced as less distressing and more sexually arousing compared to BDD. No further differences were found between the groups (e.g., regarding sensory multimodality, dominance of a specific body part). Although the two groups reported a similar frequency of mental images, images appear to serve different functions across conditions. Clinically, it may be necessary to target the positive mental images in BIID to improve treatment outcome.
{"title":"Mental Images in Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) and in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD): An Exploratory Study","authors":"A. Grocholewski, Carina Bücker, E. Kasten, B. Osen, N. Heinrichs","doi":"10.1017/bec.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known about mental images (cognitive representations with sensory qualities) in body integrity identity disorder (BIID). This study aimed to determine whether individuals with BIID experience mental images and, if so, whether they differ to those experienced by individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and healthy controls. A semi-structured interview on mental images and their qualities was delivered to a sample of 22 individuals with BIID and 19 with BDD, and 22 healthy controls. Both the BIID (n = 15, 68.2%) and BDD (n = 14, 73.7%) groups reported significantly more mental images than healthy controls (n = 3, 13.6%), but no differences between the two clinical groups were found. While mental images in BDD were focused on ‘flawed’ body parts, images in BIID involved the desired handicap. Mental images in BIID were experienced as less distressing and more sexually arousing compared to BDD. No further differences were found between the groups (e.g., regarding sensory multimodality, dominance of a specific body part). Although the two groups reported a similar frequency of mental images, images appear to serve different functions across conditions. Clinically, it may be necessary to target the positive mental images in BIID to improve treatment outcome.","PeriodicalId":46485,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Change","volume":"35 1","pages":"174 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/bec.2018.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41670461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Smith, A. Fairweather-Schmidt, R. Pols, P. Harvey, M. Battersby
Abstract Little is known about the change processes in gambling disorder-specific cognitive therapy (CT) and exposure therapy (ET). These therapies are underpinned by the cognitive approach (i.e., restructuring gambling cognitions) and the psychobiological approach (i.e., elimination of gambling urges) to treating problem gambling. Here, piecewise-linear modelling is used in a secondary analysis of randomised trial data for a CT group (n = 44) versus an ET group (n = 43) with the aim to open a discourse on how individuals respond to CT and ET relative to theory. Measures were administered between therapy sessions (average = 6.2 per individual) across 18 weeks for gambling urge (GUS) and gambling cognitions (GRCS). Results indicated the ET group had a stronger reduction in GUS (p < .01) in the first 4 weeks of treatment. Between 4–12 weeks, improvement in GUS (p < .01) and GRCS (p = .02) was more rapid in the CT group. Both groups experienced comparable improvements from 12–18 weeks. These findings have implications for further treatment development, including a combined cognitive and exposure approach that is flexibly adapted to the patient. A larger trial is needed to formally establish change processes and identify differences in problem gambler subgroups. This would provide therapists capacity to offer each patient a clear direction and an expedited pathway to their preferred outcome.
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